Teaching purposes

1. To clarify the plot clues, understand the evil of feudal patriarchal system and feudal ethics that destroy the happy life of young men and women, and understand the loyal love and rebellious spirit of Liu Lanzhi and Jiao Zhongqing.

2. Learn the artistic features of this poem in narrative and human writing.

Key points of knowledge

1. The fate and character of Liu Lanzhi and Jiao Zhongqing, the main theme of the whole poem.

2. The artistic technique of shaping characters through character dialogue and in sharp conflicts and tortuous plot development.

3. Characteristics of compound words with partial meanings, ancient and modern words, and the usage of the word "xiang" in different contexts.

Difficulties in learning

The techniques of presentation, comparison and evoking in poetry.

Method guidance

This Yuefu poem is relatively long. Please refer to the annotations to understand the meaning of specific verses and read the whole poem. Understand the outline of the story and then analyze the characters, focusing on Liu Lanzhi and Jiao Zhongqing. character traits and their tragic significance; and understand the main artistic techniques of narrative and human writing in the work.

Introduction and brief analysis

1. Ideological content:

The poem "Peacock Flying Southeast" may have been circulated among the masses since Jian'an. After three hundred years of oral communication, it was not until the Six Dynasties that it became what we see now. Therefore, although it has been processed by literati, the characteristics of folk literature are still very obvious.

The story takes place in "Jian'an at the end of Han Dynasty". The background at that time was: During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he "deposed all schools of thought and respected Confucianism alone." The Confucian ethical principles gradually took over the dominant position and developed to a quite complete and strict level; in terms of the marriage system, there were "seven "Come out", "Everyone in the world is a parent" and other clear rules and precepts.

"Everyone in the world has his parents", this is the root cause of the tragedy of Jiao and Liu. In the atmosphere of this era, under the despotic power of Jiao's mother, Jiao Zhongqing dared to stand on Liu Lanzhi's side, showing that he and Liu Lanzhi's resolute attitude of "having their hair and sleeping together, and being friends in the underworld" is really commendable.

The whole poem narrates the tragedy of the marriage of Liu Lanzhi and Jiao Zhongqing, reveals the evil of the feudal patriarchal system and feudal ethics that destroy the happy life of young men and women, and praises Liu Lanzhi and Jiao Zhongqing’s loyal love and resistance to oppression. The spirit of resistance reflects the people's infinite sympathy for the persecuted and their strong desire to pursue freedom of marriage and cherish their love life.

According to the clues of the plot development, the whole poem can be divided into five parts:

The first part (paragraphs 1-2) is Lanzhi's self-complaint. (Beginning, revealing contradictions)

The second part (paragraphs 3-12) was sworn to leave. (Develop, advance contradictions, continue to develop)

The third part (paragraphs 13-22) was forced to remarry. (Continue to advance the conflict)

The fourth part (paragraphs 23-32) both died in love. (Climax, the conflict reaches its peak)

Part 5 (paragraph 33) The mandarin ducks sing in harmony. (Ending, conflict resolution)

"The Peacock Flies Southeast" is good at narration, and is good at narration. It embodies emotions in things, and emotions create things. The emotions and things are integrated into one, and the structural art is very exquisite. The most prominent structural feature of this poem is: two parallel lines, hand-over and propulsive style. One clue of the poem is that it takes the oppression of feudal parents and the resistance of young men and women as the main contradiction and shows the struggle between the two sides. This is the main line.

In this clue, the two sides of the conflict confront each other many times, and the waves of struggle are ups and downs, advancing wave by wave, until Jiao Liu fights to the death and enters the climax of the tragic conflict, thus highlighting one of the central ideas. Aspects: Exposes the sins of feudal ethics and feudal patriarchal cannibalism. Another clue is the life-and-death love between Liu Lanzhi and Jiao Zhongqing.

Although this line is not as colorful as the main line, it still requires a lot of ink. It can be regarded as the secondary line of the poem. It is the internal motivation that plays a decisive role in the development of the main plot. Liu and Jiao young people both "succumbed to their love" under the power of feudal ethics and feudal patriarchy, profoundly expressing the other side of the central idea: reflecting the strong desire and resistance spirit of the ancient Chinese people to strive for the independence of marriage.

Although the two clues run parallel, they advance and complement each other: the more sincere and deep the love between Jiao and Liu, the more it exposes the tyranny and unreasonableness of feudal patriarchy; It is arrogant and unreasonable, which shows the depth and preciousness of their love. Completely destroying valuable things for people to see will make the tragic atmosphere even stronger!

2. Character analysis

1. Liu Lanzhi is a beautiful, smart, kind and capable young woman. She lived in a feudal society and received the education of feudal ethics and the moral code of orderly growth and development, which made her tolerant of the oppression and insults of her mother-in-law and the forced marriage of her brother, but the most essential thing was her strong resistance.

2. Jiao Zhongqing, like Liu Lanzhi, is also a typical image of being oppressed in feudal society and having a spirit of resistance. In order to preserve his love with Liu Lanzhi, he made great efforts and fought actively. When the powerful feudal forces shattered all his hopes, he committed tragic suicide to accuse and resist the feudal system.

Liu Lanzhi and Jiao Zhongqing fought resolutely against feudal patriarchy and feudal ethics, and finally died magnificently, exposing the evils of the feudal social system.

3. Summary of Sentences

1. "The peacock flies southeast and lingers for five miles." The beginning of the sentence is both arousing and metaphorical. The poet became inspired by things and used the beauty of the peacock to describe Lanzhi. "Wuli" means the general area. "Wandering" hesitates and feels sad. This sentence not only describes Lanzhi's mood, but also expresses the theme of the whole poem, which is the finishing touch.

2. "When the rooster crows, it's dawn, and the bride puts on her makeup. Wearing my embroidered skirt, everything is in order. Silk shoes are underfoot, and the tortoise shell is shining on the head. The waist is smooth, and the ears are smooth." Staring at the bright moon. Her fingers are like peeling onions, and her mouth is like holding red pills. She makes delicate steps, which is unparalleled in the world. "Here is the beauty of Lanzhi's clothing, clothing and accessories.

3. This is a horizontal layout. The outstanding feature of this paragraph of elaboration is that it combines a series of metaphors such as "Liu Wansu", "Bright Moon", "Peeled Onion Roots", "Containing Zhu Dan", and it is exaggerated.

4. "You are like a rock, and I am like a pampas grass. The pampas grass is like silk, and the rock cannot be moved." This is a wonderful metaphor. This parting oath is consistent and consistent with the "vow not to be in debt to God" above and the "two feelings are in the same place" below.

5. "Thirteen teach you how to weave, and fourteen can teach you how to make clothes. Fifteen teach you how to play the konghou, and sixteen know etiquette." Repeat the previous article. The same content is repeated from the mouths of two people, strengthening the role of presentation.

6. "I have biological parents, and persecutors are also brothers." "Parents" only refers to "mother", and "brother" only refers to "brother." They are both partial plural words. The meaning of this sentence is: I am forced by my mother and brother. This is due to the specific language environment that is arranged in this way to complete the five-character sentence.

7. "It's windy and cold today, the cold wind destroys the trees, and the frost freezes the orchids in the garden." This is a romantic technique, implying that something unfortunate is about to happen.

4. Artistic Features

1. Personalized Language

This poem uses personalized language to depict the different identities and personalities of many characters. For example, Lanzhi: "It's too late to cut off five pieces in three days. It's too late for the weaving. It's hard for Jun's wife to do it." The word "Gu" not only depicts the viciousness of Jiao's mother who is deliberately picky, but also shows Lanzhi's insight into the world. of intelligence.

"I can't be driven around, and I have nothing to do." She asked to be left behind. On the one hand, she couldn't bear the abuse of Jiao's mother, and on the other hand, she knew that the situation of leaving her behind was irreversible, and Lanzhi had no choice but to do so. Lanzhi said goodbye: "My mother has a lot of money and silk, so I can't bear her demands. I'm going back home today to remember my mother and work hard on the family." Be polite and well-behaved.

Breaking up with Zhongqing Daodao: "Pampas grass is like silk, and a rock cannot be moved", showing loyalty to love. "I have a father and a brother who are sexually violent. He is afraid that if he doesn't let me do what I want, he will make me pregnant." Knowing that her brother would force her to do anything, she felt extremely sad, anxious, and painful.

Another example is Zhongqing: "My son has lost his fortune, but I am lucky to have this wife again. We have had our hair together and slept together, and we have been friends in the underworld." Not only does it show the deep feelings between him and Lanzhi, He also tactfully expressed his attitude that if Xiu abandons Lanzhi, he will not marry again. "I don't drive you away, but I force you to have my mother." He speaks outright and has a clear attitude.

Jiao's mother was arrogant and rude, and she insisted on going her own way. She heard the sound and saw it: "You are so fearless, how dare you help your wife!" She threatened her with evil words. "My boss has a virtuous daughter...my mother is praying for you." She is kind and coaxing, both soft and hard.

Brother Liu is violent, ruthless, willing to follow others' influence, and forgets his righteousness at the sight of profit. "Why not make a plan! Marry the official first, and then the husband, will you be as peaceful as heaven and earth, enough to honor you..." The villain only desires wealth and honor, regardless of etiquette and justice, and his shameful face is vivid on the page.

2. The technique of presentation and parallelism

At the beginning of the poem, "Thirteen can weave textiles, fourteen can learn to tailor clothes, fifteen can play the harp, sixteen can recite poems and books. Seventeen "As a wife of a gentleman, my heart is always bitter and sad." This is a vertical layout, in chronological order, highlighting the characteristics of versatility and education. Listing numbers should be viewed as intertextual and cross-expressed. Detailed description of Lanzhi's dress at home, "...the slender and delicate steps are unparalleled in the world."

From the feet to the head, to the waist, to the ears, to the fingers, to the mouth, to the steps, a series of exaggerated The presentation is designed to describe her beauty and show her calmness and calmness. The description of the luxurious ostentation of the eunuch's wedding shows Liu Lanzhi's integrity not to be moved by wealth. It also creates a contrast between the happiness of the eunuch's family and the sadness of Lanzhi and Zhongqing, which strengthens the tragedy. The layout and arrangement in the poem are conducive to shaping the characters, and also bring the beauty of rhythm and color to the poem.

Extension of teaching materials

1. About Yuefu

"Yuefu" was originally a music institution established during the Han Dynasty. Its duty is to collect folk songs or literati poems to music for the imperial court. The poems it collected and compiled were later called "Yuefu Poems" or simply "Yuefu Poems".

Most of the Yuefu poems that can be seen today are works from the Eastern Han Dynasty. These poems are not bound by the power of Confucian poetry. They have a wide range of themes and rich content. They more truly reflect the social life of the Han Dynasty and convey the voices of the people at the bottom of society. They "feel sorrow and joy, and are motivated by events." "Peacock Flying Southeast" is a representative in this regard.

2. About "New Ode to Yutai"

"New Ode to Yutai" was compiled and selected by Xu Ling of Chen Dynasty in the Southern Dynasty. The editor, Xu Ling (507-583 AD), whose courtesy name was Xiaomu, was a native of Tan, Donghai (now Tancheng County, Shandong). He was smart at a young age. He could write at the age of eight, and understood the principles of Zhuang and Lao at the age of twelve. When he grew up, he became more knowledgeable in historical books and could speak eloquently. In the second year of Datong (508 AD) of Emperor Wu of Liang Dynasty, he became a bachelor of Guandong Palace.

In the second year of Taiqing (AD 548), he served as an envoy to Wei with Tongzhi Sanqi Changshi. Later he entered Chen and became the Minister of the Five Soldiers. He successively held the posts of Shangshu Zuopushe and Zhongshujian. The later master died in the first year of Zhide (AD 583) at the age of seventy-seven.

The meaning of the name "Yutai" can be seen from Xu Ling's preface, and its semantic meaning should refer to "the back court". The so-called "New Odes of Yutai" means that this is a new collection of poems for back-court singing. The poem "Peacock Flying Southeast" was first seen in "New Odes of Yutai".

3. Intertextual techniques:

Intertextual techniques are used in the poem, such as "Pine and cypress are planted in the east and west, and sycamores are planted on the left and right." "East and west" and "left and right" are intertextual, that is, It means "Pine and cypress trees are planted on the east and west sides, and sycamore trees are planted on the east and west sides." The beginning of the poem "Thirteen can weave textiles, fourteen can learn to tailor clothes, fifteen can play the konghou..."

It is also an intertextual technique. Intertextual techniques can make the words in the context correspond to, penetrate and complement each other, enhancing the brightness of the poetic language, the harmony of the rhyme and the grace of the rhythm.