Generally speaking, Lin Xiangru’s achievements are difficult for ordinary people to achieve, because he safeguarded the honor of the king and the country at critical moments. His courage is commendable, and he is braver than all the generals and ministers. Through "returning the jade to Zhao intact" For his merits such as beating the fou and singing songs, he was named Shangqing by the king, ranking above Lianpo. Of course Lian Po was also very good and a famous general during the Warring States Period.

Lin Xiangru, a minister of the State of Zhao during the Warring States Period, a famous politician and diplomat.

When Zhao Huiwen was king, Qin Qiang demanded Zhao's "He's Bi". He was ordered to bring the jade to the Qin Dynasty, and he argued vigorously in court, and finally returned the jade to Zhao intact. In the 20th year of King Zhao Huiwen (279 BC), he accompanied King Zhao to Mianchi (now west of Mianchi, Henan) to meet the King of Qin. Because he was good at dealing with the situation, he saved King Zhao from humiliation and was promoted to Shangqing. He was able to be tolerant and humble to Zhao Xianglian again and again, making him understand and become a close friend.

According to "Historical Records: Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru", the three most important events in his life include the return of the intact jade to Zhao, the meeting in Mianchi, and the confession of guilt.

The completed jade returned to Zhao

During the Warring States Period, King Zhao Huiwen obtained the Heshi Bi from Chu State. When King Zhao of Qin heard about this, he sent a letter to King Huiwen of Zhao, expressing his willingness to exchange fifteen cities for the jade. King Zhao Huiwen discussed with General Lian Po and his ministers that if they gave the jade to the Qin State, the cities of the Qin State would not be deceived in vain. If they did not give it, they would be afraid that the Qin army would attack immediately. How to solve it? I am not sure. I want to find an envoy who can be sent to Qin to reply but I can't find one.

The eunuch ordered Miao Xian to say, "My retainer Lin Xiangru can be sent." King Zhao Huiwen asked, "How do you know he can be sent?" Miao Xian replied, "I have committed a crime and planned to flee to Lin Xiangru, my retainer when I went to the Kingdom of Yan, stopped me and said, "How do you know the King of Yan?" I said to him, "I accompanied the king to meet the King of Yan on the border. The King of Yan held my hand in private and said, "I am willing to make friends with you. "Friend". So I knew him and wanted to go to him." Lin Xiangru said to me, "Zhao is strong and Yan is weak, but you are favored by King Zhao Huiwen, so King Yan wants to make friends with you. Now you are escaping from Zhao. Rushing to the State of Yan, the State of Yan is afraid of the State of Zhao. In this situation, the King of Yan will not dare to take you in, and will tie you up and send you back to the State of Zhao. You might as well take off your shirt, expose your shoulders and lie under the axe, and beg for punishment. Fortunately, he was pardoned. The king followed his advice and pardoned him. He privately thought that this man was a brave man and it was appropriate to send him as an envoy."

So King Zhao Huiwen immediately summoned him. Asked Lin Xiangru, "King Qin Zhao asked for fifteen cities in exchange for my He's Bi. Can I give it to him?" Lin Xiangru said, "Qin Guo is strong and Zhao Guo is weak but I have to agree to it." King Zhao Huiwen said, "You can get my Bi but don't give me the city." "What should I do with the city?" Lin Xiangru said, "Qin asked for the city in exchange for the bi. If Zhao Guo refused to agree to Zhao Guo's loss, Zhao Guo gave the bi, but Qin Guo did not give Zhao Guo the city to compensate for the loss. Qin Guo would rather agree to it and let Qin Guo bear the responsibility for the loss." "King Zhao Huiwen said, "Who can be sent as an envoy?" Lin Xiangru said, "If the king really has no one who is willing to send the envoy to protect the city, the city will belong to the state of Zhao, so the city will not be able to return the treasure to the state of Qin. I will definitely bring the Heshi Bi back to the State of Zhao intact." King Zhao Huiwen then sent Lin Xiangru to take the Heshi Bi to the west to Qin.

King Qin Zhao sat on the stage to receive Lin Xiangru, and Lin Xiangru presented the jade to King Qin Zhao. King Zhao of Qin was very happy and passed the treasure to his wives, concubines and attendants. They all shouted long live. Lin Xiangru saw that King Qin Zhao had no intention of using the city to compensate Zhao, so he stepped forward and said, "There is a small red spot on the bi, let me point it out to the king."

King Qin Zhao handed the bi to him. Lin Xiangru then took a few steps back with the jade in his hand and stood leaning against the pillar. He angrily said to King Qin Zhao, "The king wants to get the jade. He sent someone to send a message to King Zhao Huiwen. King Zhao Huiwen convened all the ministers for discussion. Everyone said, 'Qin is greedy and relies on it.' The powerful people who want to use empty words to get the city that Baobi gave us may not be able to get it. "As a result of the discussion, we don't want to give Baobi to Qin. I don't think the common people can deceive each other, let alone a big country, let alone a piece of jade." It is not right to make the powerful Qin State unhappy because of this. So King Zhao sent me to hold the treasure in the palace to respectfully present the credentials for five days. Why should I do this to show my respect for the prestige of the great country? . Now that I came to your country, the king received me in an ordinary audience with very arrogant etiquette. After I got the treasure, I passed it on to my concubines to tease me. I observed that the king had no sincerity in giving King Zhao fifteen cities, so I took it back. Bao Bi.

If the king must force me, my head will be smashed on the pillar together with the treasure today." Lin Xiangru held the treasure in his hand and squinted at the court pillar, about to hit it. King Qin Zhao was afraid that he would really smash the treasure, so he attacked him He apologized and firmly asked him not to do this, and summoned the officials in charge to check the map and indicate that fifteen cities from a certain place to a certain place were delivered to Zhao Guocheng.

Lin Xiangru estimated that King Qin Zhao was just pretending to give the city to Zhao Guocheng. In fact, it was impossible for Zhao to get the city, so he said to King Zhao of Qin, "He's Bi is a treasure recognized by the world. King Zhao is afraid of your country and dare not not donate it." King Zhao fasted for five days before presenting the jade. Now the king should also fast for five days and arrange a nine-guest ceremony in the palace before I dare to present the jade. King Zhao of Qin estimated that this matter could not be taken by force after all, so he agreed to fast for five days and invited Lin Xiangru to stay at the Guangcheng Hotel. Lin Xiangru estimated that although King Zhao of Qin agreed to fast, he would definitely break the promise and not give the city, so he sent his entourage to wear burlap clothes and hold the city in his arms. He hid the treasure and escaped from the path and sent it back to Zhao.

After fasting for five days, King Qin Zhao arranged a ceremony for nine guests in the palace to invite Lin Xiangru, the envoy of Zhao. King Zhao of Qin said, "None of the more than twenty monarchs of Qin since Duke Mu has ever adhered to the covenant. I was really afraid of being deceived by the king and sorry for King Zhao Huiwen, so I sent someone to take Bao Bi back to Zhao State by a small road. Moreover, King Qin Qiang and Zhao Ruo sent an envoy to the State of Zhao and the State of Zhao immediately sent the treasure bi. Now, with the strength of your Qin State, you first ceded fifteen cities to the State of Zhao. How dare the State of Zhao leave the treasure and offend the king? I know that the crime of deceiving the king should be punished. I am willing to be cooked in the oil pan. I only hope that the king will Please consider this matter carefully with your ministers. "King Qin Zhao and the ministers looked at each other with surprise. Some of the attendants wanted to pull Lin Xiangru down. King Qin Zhao took the opportunity to say, "If you kill Lin Xiangru now, you will not get the treasure, but it will destroy the friendship between Qin and Zhao. It is better to take advantage of this opportunity. Treat him well and let him return to the State of Zhao. Will King Zhao Huiwen deceive the State of Qin for a piece of jade?" Finally, he received Lin Xiangru in the palace, completed the ceremony and allowed him to return to the country.

After Lin Xiangru returned to the country, Zhao King Huiwen thought that he was a competent official who could not be bullied by the princes as an envoy, so he made Lin Xiangru a senior official. Qin State did not give the city to Zhao State, and Zhao State never gave Qin State He Shibi. >

Mianchi Alliance

In 282 BC, Qin sent general Bai Qi to capture two places in Zhao. The next year, Qin sent troops to capture Zhao's Shicheng. In 279 BC, King Zhao of Qin wanted to make peace with Zhao in order to concentrate his forces on the attack. The State of Chu then sent an envoy to the State of Zhao to meet with King Zhao Huiwen at Mianchi outside Xihe to cultivate friendship with each other.

Lian Po and Lin Xiangru

King Zhao Huiwen was afraid of Qin and would not want to go. Lian Po and Lin Xiangru discussed, "If the king does not go, it will appear that Zhao is weak and timid. "King Zhao Huiwen then went to the meeting, and Xiangru accompanied him. Lian Po sent him to the border and said goodbye to King Zhao Huiwen, "It is estimated that the journey of the king's trip, the completion of the meeting etiquette, and the return time will not exceed thirty days. If I haven't come back in thirty days, please allow us to make the prince king to put an end to Qin's delusions. "King Zhao Huiwen agreed with this opinion and went to Mianchi to meet with King Qin Zhao.

When King Qin Zhao was in high spirits after drinking, he said, "I heard privately that King Zhao loves music. Please play the harp." King Zhao Huiwen Then he played the harp. The historian of Qin came up and wrote: "On a certain day in a certain year, the king of Qin and the king of Zhao were drinking together and ordered the king of Zhao to play the harp. Lin Xiangru stepped forward and said, "King Zhao has heard privately that King Qin is good at local music in Qin. Please let me bring a pot of fou to King Zhao of Qin so that we can entertain each other." King Qin Zhao was angry and refused. At this time, Lin Xiangru handed the fou forward and knelt down to ask King Qin Zhao to play. King Qin Zhao refused to hit the fou and said, "Within these five steps, I, Lin Xiangru, will splash the blood from my neck on the fou." The king is on his body." The attendants wanted to kill Xiangru. Lin Xiangru opened his eyes wide and shouted loudly. The attendants were frightened and backed away.

At that time, King Qin Zhao was not very happy and had to knock the fou. Xiangru turned around to greet Zhao. The national historian wrote: "On a certain day of a certain year and a certain month, the King of Qin knocked the fou for the King of Zhao. The ministers of the State of Qin said, "Please use fifteen cities of the State of Zhao as a gift to King Zhao of Qin." Lin Xiangru also said, "Please use the Xianyang of Qin State to present gifts to King Zhao Huiwen." "King Zhao of Qin could not overwhelm Zhao until the end of the banquet. Zhao had deployed a large number of troops to defend Qin, so Qin did not dare to take any action.

Here is the general and the prime minister

After the end of the Mianchi Meeting, Lin Xiangru was named Shangqing due to his great contributions, and was ranked above Lianpo.

Lian Po said, "I am a general of the State of Zhao, and I have made great achievements in sieges and field battles. Lin Xiangru only made some achievements by being able to speak well, but his status is higher than mine. Besides, Xiangru is a humble person. I am I can't bear the shame of being under him." He threatened, "I will humiliate Xiangru when I meet him." After hearing this, Lin Xiangru refused to meet him. Whenever Lin Xiangru went to court, he often claimed that he was ill

Begging for forgiveness

He did not want to compete with Lian Po for priority. Not long after, Xiangru went out and saw Lian Po Xiangru from a distance, so he turned the car to avoid it.

So Xiangru’s disciples came together to express their admonishment, saying, “The reason why we left our relatives to serve you is because we admire your noble integrity. Now that you have the same official position as Lian Po, General Lian has spoken evil words. But you are afraid to avoid him. You are too afraid. A mediocre person is ashamed, let alone a general. We are useless people. Please let us leave."

Lin Xiangru firmly persuaded them to stay. He said, "Who do you think is more powerful than General Lian or the King of Qin?" He replied, "General Lian cannot compare with the King of Qin." Are you afraid of General Lian? But I want to strengthen Qin, so I dare not use troops against Zhao because of the two of us. Now that the two tigers are fighting, they will not survive. The reason why I am so tolerant is to put the country's emergency in front of me. Put your personal grudges in the front and behind." After hearing these words, Lian Po took off his shirt, exposed his upper body, and carried a thorn stick on his back. He was led by the guests to Lin Xiangru's door to apologize. He said, "I am a rough and humble person, but I never expected that you, General, are so generous." The two finally made love and reconciled with each other, becoming good friends of life and death and sex [3].

Block the use of Zhao Kuo

In 266 BC, King Zhao Huiwen died and Prince Zhao Xiaocheng came to the throne.

In 259 BC, the Qin army and the Zhao army faced each other in Changping. At that time, Zhao She was dead and Lin Xiangru was also critically ill. King Zhao Xiaocheng sent Lian Po to lead his troops to attack the Qin army. The Qin army defeated the Zhao army and Zhao army several times. Hold the stronghold and not go into battle. The Qin army repeatedly challenged. Lian Po ignored it. King Zhao believed the rumors spread by spies of the Qin army. A spy of the Qin army said, "What the Qin army hates and taboos is that they are afraid that Zhao Kuo, the son of Ma Fujun Zhao She, will become a general." Therefore, King Zhao Xiaocheng replaced Lian Po with Zhao Kuo as the general. Lin Xiangru said, "The king appointing Zhao Kuo based on his reputation is like using glue to seal the tuning posts and then playing the harp. Zhao Kuo can only read the books left by his father and does not know how to be flexible." King Zhao did not know how to adapt. I still ordered Zhao Kuo to be the general. Later, Zhao Kuo was defeated by 400,000 Zhao troops and was trapped and killed. Zhao State was almost destroyed. Fortunately, the five countries sent troops to rescue Lin Xiangru. Around this time, Lin Xiangru died.