1. Rhythm: The rhythm of music refers to the length and strength of the mid-tones in the music movement. The rhythm of music is often compared to the skeleton of music. Beat is the periodic and regular repetition of heavy beats and weak beats in music.

2. Melody: The ups and downs of music are organized horizontally in an orderly manner according to a certain rhythm to form a melody. The progression direction of a tune is endlessly changing, and there are three basic progression directions: "horizontal progression", "upward" and "downward". The direction in which the same sound progresses is called horizontal progress; the direction from bass to treble is called ascending; the direction from treble to bass is called descending.

Common progression methods of tunes include: "repetition of the same tone", "progression" and "jump forward". The progression according to the adjacent notes of the scale is called progression, the jump in third degree is called minor jump, and the jump in fourth degree and above is called major jump.

3. Harmony: Chord is usually a sound combination formed by three or more tones that overlap vertically (simultaneously) according to certain rules. Harmony has obvious color effects of thick, light, thick and thin; it also has the function of forming phrases, dividing sections and ending music.

4. Mode: The tones used in music are connected according to a certain relationship. These tones form a system with one tone as the center (the main tone), which is called mode. Such as major mode, minor mode, my country's pentatonic mode, etc. The notes in the mode, starting from the tonic note and arranged from low to high, form a scale.

Extended information

As the material externalization of musical works, sound affects the audience with its special structural power. In the combination of musical instruments with different timbres, the alternation, transfer, movement and contrast of the instruments create a happy environment of cold, warm, light and dark tones. In a combination of musical instruments of the same timbre, changes in pitch area, volume, and playing method also create a musical environment of high or low sound, as well as a heavy or light point.

In musical works, the contrast, change, echo, and repetition in the sound organization independently form its unique structural force, which may or may not be consistent with the organizational structure of the music. The logical connection of the sound itself constitutes an independent and indispensable internal structural force in the music organization.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Basic Elements of Music