Chinese national music basically consists of four parts: court music, literati music, religious music, and folk music.

Han folk music is divided into five parts: folk songs, folk dance music, rap music, opera music, and folk instrumental music.

Genres of Han folk songs (which categories? Basis for classification? Respective characteristics)

Basics for genre classification: social living conditions, singing occasions, social functions, musical expression methods and musical characteristics. *Classification: National folk songs are divided into three types: labor chants, folk songs, and minor tunes. Labor chants: transportation chants, engineering chants, farming chants, workshop chants, and boating and fishing chants.

Folk songs: herding folk songs, field folk songs, general folk songs [Xintianyou, Huaer, mountain tunes, mountain climbing tunes, divine songs]) Minor tunes: 1. Minor tunes evolved from folk songs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties (Meng Jiangnu tune , flower tune, embroidered purse tune, sheared indigo tune) 2. Local minor tune. 3. Song and dance tunes (Huagu tune, Deng tune, Huadeng tune, Tea picking tune, Yangko tune, Land Boat tune)

(1) Types of labor chants: Carrying chants, "Carrying Loads" in northern Jiangsu "Not Afraid of the Bend of the Pole" Sichuan's "Wallet Car Chant" Engineering Chant, Sichuan's "Taram Song" Hunan's "Damong Song" Farming Chant, Zhejiang Haining's "Traffic Chant" Fuling's "Yuanchang Hao" Workshop Chant, Sichuan Zigong "Artificial Chant" fishing boat chant, Northern Shaanxi "Yellow River Boatman's Song" Sichuan "Sichuan River Boatman's Chant"

(2) Characteristics of labor chant: 1. Musical character. Expression method: solid and powerful, Rough and bold. Natural and simple. 2. Lyrics: content words, leader. Function words, help. 3. Rhythm: fixed, recurring. 4. Singing form: Mainly led by one person, solo singing, duet singing, and chorus singing are also included. 5. Musical structure: short, simple and repetitive.

(1) Types of folk songs A; 1. Herding folk songs, 2. Field folk songs. 3. General folk songs:

. There are many people who sing about the hardships of life and the sadness of separation. Features: upper and lower sentence structure (more seven-character sentences), the upper sentence likes to use Bixing, the lower period is the theme, and the end of the sentence rhymes. "Porter's Tune", "Locust Tree Blossoms", "Blue Flowers", "My Brother Became a Red Army". Flowers [Ningxia, Gansu, Qinghai. "Hua'er Hui" is a love song. "Going up to the mountains and looking at the plains" "A pair of pigeons flying in the void". Shanqu (Sour Song) [Northwestern Shanxi, Shaanxi. Take the west exit. Characteristics: Inner pain, poignant affection. "Everyone is here but you are not" (Hequ, Shanxi). Divine Song [Yibin area in southern Sichuan, suburban counties of Chongqing and Chongqing County in western Sichuan and other places. The lyrics of divine songs are implicit and literary, with delicate and profound emotions and many four-sentence structures. "When will the Sophora japonica bloom?" and "A man should cross the ditch when he whistles."

B． Folk songs are divided into different singing methods: high-pitched folk songs, flat-pitched folk songs, and low-pitched folk songs.

(2) Characteristics of folk songs

Folk song lyrics: reflect all aspects of rural life, improvisation, the lyrics are mainly seven-character sentences, and more use of lining words, which is the most commonly used in folk songs The combination of modal lining words and free prolongation or drawl forms the unique characteristics of folk songs.

Folk music: unrestrained and loud. Extensive use of free sustains and drawls. The combination of the free extended sound and the calling liner words at the beginning and end of the song forms the front or back cavity, which is a unique feature of folk songs.

Singing forms: mostly solo, but also duet, several people singing together, singing in unison, one leading the chorus, etc.

Music structure: Most of them are short, simple and diverse. Intensity combined with lyricism. There are many four-phrase and single-phrase sections in southern folk songs. a''b''

3. The concept of minor tune: also known as minor tune, slang tune, popular tune, etc. Generally refers to songs sung for leisure and entertainment.

Function: chanting mood, entertaining and entertaining

(1) Classification of minor tunes: (minor tunes evolved from folk songs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Local minor tunes. Song and dance minor tunes) 1. From A minor tune that evolved from the folk songs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties: [Meng Jiangnu Diao (good at expressing sadness, sadness, and tactful emotions).

Most of the modes and the sentence structure of starting, continuing, turning and closing are single sections) Flower tune (some of them are the original words of jasmine) Xiuhebao tune, Jianindigo flower tune] 2. Local minor tunes. 2. Song and dance minor tunes (Huagu tune, Deng tune, Huadeng tune, Tea picking tune, Yangko tune, Land Boat tune)

(2) Characteristics of minor tunes: 1. The structure is more rigorous and less improvisational. Turning to stereotypes and becoming more mature artistically. 2. Strong melody, smooth and beautiful tune. It has twists and turns and various twists. 3. The rhythm and beat are regular and balanced. The rhythm of southern minors is relatively stable, while syncopation and weak rhythm are common in northern minors. The lyrics are relatively fixed, 4. The singing forms include solo singing, duet singing, leading the chorus, etc. Often accompanied by musical instruments. 5. The common musical structure is the corresponding form and the combination of starting, inheriting and turning.