Characteristics

1. Folk nature. Yuan Opera is a drama of the people. Different from the Divine Comedy of the Temple and the Palace Poetry and Drama, it is an art of citizens and farmers;

2. Extensiveness. The themes of Yuan opera are extremely wide-ranging, and are by no means limited to political status, noble family matters, etc., involving scholars, farmers, industry and commerce, women, children, old and weak, and all kinds of human life; 3. Profoundness. Yuan opera reflects various social contradictions profoundly and directly, and does not cover up class contradictions and national contradictions with human feelings and world conditions;

4. Typicality. The characters created by Yuan Opera are diverse and complex, not only typical of real life, but also universal ideals in the world;

5. Tortuousness. There are great tragedies and great comedies in Yuan opera, where sorrow and joy are transformed and blended into each other, pursuing a happy ending;

6. Artistry. Yuan Opera closely combines singing, speaking, dancing, and fighting with hard artistic skills such as singing, acting, chanting, and fighting. Virtual and actual performances complement each other, and it has both form and spiritual principles. (Shanxi Daily)

Wu Tong Yu

An Lushan rebelled against the enemy

Chen Xuanli broke up the couple

Yang Guifei's lychee fragrance at dawn

The Rain of Wutong on an Autumn Night by Emperor Ming of the Tang Dynasty

Ma Zhiyuan's "Autumn in the Han Palace"

The Ming Dynasty's Concubine Qingzuka's Hatred

Broken Dreams of Lonely Wild Goose Han Gong Qiu

Famous Yuan Opera:

Yangchun Song (Title)

Bai Pu

Thrifty always comes from good deeds,

Since ancient times, melons are bitter but then sweet.

Your mother presses and tightens the clamp,

It is very strict,

The more time you get, the more passionate you become.

Tianjingsha (Autumn Thoughts)

Ma Zhiyuan

Withered vines and old trees, the crows are dim.

People with small bridges and flowing water.

Westerly wind and thin horse on the ancient road.

The sun sets in the west,

The heartbroken people are at the end of the world.

Sheep on the hillside (Tongguan ancient)

Zhang Yanghao

The peaks and mountains are like gatherings,

The waves are like angry waves,

Mountains and rivers outside and inside Tongguan Road.

Looking to the West Capital.

I hesitated,

I felt sad about where the Qin and Han Dynasties were going.

Everything in the palace was made of earth.

The people are suffering. If they die, the people will suffer.

The sound of selling flowers (nostalgic)

Zhang Kejiu

The beauty committed suicide on the bank of Wujiang River,

The war once burned Chibi Mountain,

General Konglao Yumen Pass.

The Qin and Han Dynasties were sad,

the people were in ruins,

the scholars let out a long sigh.

Double Tune Night Sailing (Autumn Thoughts)

Ma Zhiyuan

A hundred years old is like a butterfly in a dream,

It is sad to look back at the past.

Spring is here today.

The flowers will fade tomorrow.

The lamps will be extinguished at night.

[Qiaomucha]

Think of the palaces of Qin and Han,

They have all become fields of decaying grass, cattle and sheep.

I have nothing to say.

The monuments are cut across the barren tombs,

There is no distinction between dragons and snakes.

[Qing Xuanhe]

Throwing yourself into the rabbit's den where the fox traces your fortune,

how many heroes there are.

The tripod is three-quarters bent,

Do you know he is Wei Ye?

Do you know he is Jin Ye?

[Luo Mei Feng]

God teaches you to be rich,

Don’t be too extravagant.

There are not many good days and good nights.

Looking at the money slave who is as stubborn as his heart,

he has failed to live up to the beauty of Jintang.

[Wind into the Pine]

The red sun is setting in front of us again,

It is as fast as a car going downhill.

When dawn comes, the mirror is filled with white snow,

Go to bed and wear shoes to say goodbye.

Don’t laugh at Jiuchao’s clumsy planning,

Huluti has always been stupid.

[Continuous Dial]

The fame and fortune are gone,

right and wrong are inevitable.

Don’t mess with the red dust in front of the door,

It is better to cover the corner of the house with green trees.

The green hills are making up for the missing wall,

The bamboo fence huts.

[Le Pavilion Banquet]

The crickets crow only after one sleep, and the rooster crows without rest.

Competing for fame and fortune,

What year is Cheru?

The ants are lining up in dense rows,

the bees are brewing honey in chaos, and the flies are fighting for blood.

Pei Gong Green Field Hall,

Taoling White Lotus Society.

Those things I love about autumn:

picking yellow flowers with dew,

cooking purple crabs with frost,

boiling red leaves with wine.

Life is limited,

a few climbing festivals.

Tell me this naughty reporter:

Come to visit me in Beihai.

Daodongli is drunk.

Guan Hanqing

Double Tune·Dade Song

Spring

Zi Gui cries [2], it is better to go home. The Tao is that when spring returns, people have not yet returned. I have become haggard for a few days, and the willow catkins are fluttering. One spring, there is no news about fish and geese [3], but two swallows are seen fighting with mud in their mouths [4].

Summer

Pretty enemies, at the end of the world [5]. There is a green poplar that can tie a horse [6]. Sitting trapped under the south window, I miss him several times in the breeze [7]. Who can teach me how to paint when my eyebrows are pale [8], I am shy about wearing a thin rock with pomegranate flowers [9].

Autumn

The wind is blowing and the rain is misty, so Chen Tuan can't sleep [10]. Annoyance hurts my arms, and my tears are thrown away [11]. The autumn cicadas are noisy and the cicadas are chirping in the cold weather [12], and the drizzle is hitting the plantains [13].

Winter

The snow is blooming and the pear blossoms are dancing [14]. There are no more four or five families in Yancun [15], and Mi Sa can be pictured [16]. Look at the noisy night crows in the sparse forest [17], the yellow reeds shade the clear river, and the fishing boat is slanted on the cable [18].

[1] Double tone: the name of palace tone. Dade Song: It is a tune of this tune.

[2] Zigui: namely cuckoo. It is said that its cry is a bit like "It's better to go back. It's better to go back". Chao Buzhi's "Manjianghong·Ji Nei": "When you go back, don't teach your children to crow and rest." "

[3] Fish and Goose: the collective name of letters. "Book of Han·Su Wu Zhuan": "The messenger was told to call Shanyu, saying that the emperor shot the wild goose into the forest and caught the wild goose, which was enough to tie the silk letter. "Qin Guan's "Partridge Sky": "There is no news about fish and birds in the spring, and the dream soul is tired of traveling thousands of miles away. "

[Four] See: only see. Fighting for holding mud: fighting to hold mud to build a nest. The poetic meaning of "Whose new swallows peck at the spring mud" in Bai Juyi's "Spring Tour at Qiantang Lake" is used to describe lovesickness. .

[5] Tianya: Refers to a very far place. "Nineteen Ancient Poems": "We are separated by more than ten thousand miles, and each is at the end of the world." '

[6] The sentence "partially that" can only be kept there. Zhang Lei's "Merry Son": "When I encounter a tied horse, I see it under the shadow of a hanging poplar."

[Seven] Several pairs: facing each other many times, facing each other frequently.

[8] Mo Mei: refers to a woman’s long, curved eyebrows.

[9] Shou Yanyan: Skinny appearance. Pomegranate flower: generally refers to red flowers. Su Shi's "Congratulations to the Bridegroom": "The pomegranate is half-vomited and the red scarf is frowning", which is borrowed from the pomegranate flower.

[10] Chen Tuan lies high: Chen Tuan (tuan): a famous Taoist priest at the end of the Five Dynasties and the beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty. His courtesy name is Tunan, and his nickname is Fuyaozi. He once practiced Taoism in Huashan Mountain, and was given the title "Mr. Xiyi" by Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty. It often takes more than a hundred days to get up after sleeping.

[一一]pususu: the look of crying.

[12] Autumn cicada and cold cricket (qiong): two insects that easily arouse people's thoughts in autumn. Poets often use them to describe and enlighten people's autumn thoughts. Cicada, also known as cicada. Cold cricket: that is, cricket.

[13] "Xi Ling Ling" sentence: describes the drizzle. The drizzle hits the banana trees, which is taken from the meaning of Li Yu's "Song of Acacia": "There are many autumn winds, the rain is gentle, and there are three or two banana trees outside the curtain. What can people do when the night is long?"

[14] Snow is blooming, pear blossoms are dancing: describing snowflakes as white as pear blossoms. Cen Shen's "Song of White Snow Sends the Military Judge Back to the Capital": "The north wind blows and the white grass on the ground folds, and the sky is full of snow in August. Suddenly, like a spring breeze coming overnight, thousands of pear blossoms bloom on the trees.

"

[15] Yancun: a village shrouded in smoke.

[16] Kanpicture: worthy of description. Picture, here is a verb. "Hanshu·Su Wu Biography" ": "Picture him in Qilin Pavilion. "

[17] Cover: half-hidden to reveal, hidden or visible.

[18] "Diagonal cable" sentence: A small fishing boat is tied diagonally. Cable, originally a rope for tying a boat, is used as a verb.

Guan Hanqing

Double Tune·Jasper Flute

Afraid of the return of spring, the willow trees are flying on the branches. [1]. Quietly hiding in the boudoir, the orioles are singing outside the curtain [2]. I hate the end of the world with few brocade characters [3]. Meng Cai Lang Cui is known to have wide clothes [4] and a thin waist [5]; Crazy, secretly feeling haggard.

The autumn scene is worthy of the title [6]. The pine path is full of red leaves [7]. The yellow chrysanthemums are pouring around the east fence [8]. Encourage the wine cup [9]. The official rank [10], what is the end of it? Willow flowers. Su Shi's "Butterfly Loves Flowers": "There are few willow trees blowing on the branches, and there are no fragrant grasses anywhere in the world!" "

[2] The oriole cries outside the curtain: Jin Changxu's "Spring Resentment": "When you fight the oriole, don't teach it to sing on the branches. When I cry, I am frightened by my dream, and I cannot get to western Liaoning. "

[3] The word brocade: a word woven from brocade. Dou Tao's wife Su Hui once woven brocade and sent it to him as a palindrome, which was later used to refer to a love letter. Chao Buzhi's "Palindromes": "Weaved into a brocade, the words are said vertically and horizontally, and thousands of words are written to express regret for farewell. "

[4] Widen the clothes: Liu Yong's "Butterfly Loves Flowers": "The flower belt gradually widens and I will not regret it, but it makes people haggard because of the beauty. "This means that people miss lovesickness due to separation, and lose weight because of lovesickness.

[5] Yi Chu (huo): One grip, which is extremely small in waist. "Han Feizi·Er Handle": "Chu King Ling has a slim waist, but there are many hungry people in the palace. "Later, a thin waist was used to describe a beauty.

[6] Worthy of title: worthy of writing, worthy of painting.

[7] Pine path: refers to a secluded garden. Tao Yuanming's "Going Back" "Lai Ci": "The three paths are deserted, but the pines and chrysanthemums still remain. "Also in the poem "Drinking" "Picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, leisurely seeing the Nanshan Mountain", see the next sentence.

[8] Pei: wine that has not been soaked. Li Bai's "Song of Xiangyang": “Looking from a distance, the green duck head of Hanshui looks like the first splash of fermented grapes. ”

[9] White clothes urging wine: Tao Yuanming left his house on September 9th among the chrysanthemums. He sat there for a long time and was suffering from no need to drink. Suddenly, Wang Hong, the governor of Jiangzhou, sent wine in white clothes. Yuanming was He came back drunk.

[10] Official rank: the highest official rank.

[11] Cheng Heji: Yes. What benefit. Ji, benefit.

[12] Yuan Ming: Jin Tao Qian was a famous poet in the fourth and fifth centuries of our country. After more than ten days, Peng Zeling wrote a "Returning Speech" and returned home.

Bai Pu

Zhonglu Yangchun Song Zhiji (two poems). )

Knowing honor and humiliation, keeping silent [3], nodding your head secretly, leaving you in a collection of poems and books [4], even if you are poor, you are romantic.

Not because of wine and poetry [6], the soul is often annoyed and intoxicated by chanting [7]. When the wind and moon are in the four seasons, there is no use for people, and poetry and wine are pure and innocent.

[1] Zhonglu: one of the twelve palace tunes.

[2] Zhiji (ji): the key and precursor to understanding the changes in things. "Ci Xia": "How much do you know? How magical is it?" ...The slightest movement is a good sign of foresight. "Opportunity: A subtle omen.

[3] Zhirong: It means to understand the principle of "maintaining profit and maintaining peace". Knowing disgrace: It means to understand the principle of "contentment and not disgrace". "Laozi" Chapter 28: “Knowing its glory and guarding its disgrace will be the valley of the world. "This is Lao Tzu's philosophy of wisely protecting one's self. Jian: sew the mouth shut. "Shuo Yuan Jing Shen": "When Confucius looked at the Imperial Ancestral Temple, in front of his right majesty, there was a golden man Yan, who kept his mouth shut for three times, and inscribed his words. Back saying: In ancient times, people were cautious in speaking. "Later, he kept silent to express his silence.

[4] Yanliu: stay. "Li Sao": "The times are colorful and the changes are changing, how can Yanliu be enough?

[5] "Poverty" sentence: Even if you are extremely poor, you are still honored. Fengliu, here we talk about honor and glory.

[6] Alcohol sleepiness: refers to drinking too much and being trapped by alcohol. Poetry is sleepy: It means searching for the orange intestines and chanting all day long.

[7] Yinhun: refers to the interest and motivation of writing poetry. Also called "Poetry Soul". Drunkenness: a mental state in which one is delirious after drinking too much alcohol.

[8] The four seasons: one refers to the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter; the other refers to morning, evening, day and night. Fengyue: refers to natural scenery such as the clear breeze and bright moon. Ouyang Xiu's "Spring in the Jade House": "Life is full of love and infatuation, and this hatred has nothing to do with the wind and the moon."

[9] Innocence: refers to a nature that is free from artificiality and hypocrisy, and is not affected by etiquette and customs.

Yuan opera is a wonderful flower in the splendid cultural treasure house of the Chinese nation. It embodies unique characteristics in terms of ideological content and artistic achievements. Together with Tang poetry and Song lyrics, it has become one of the three important works in the history of Chinese literature. milestone.

Yuan tunes have strict metrical formulas, and each tune has fixed format requirements for the sentence structure, word count, equivalence, etc. However, although there is a fixed pattern, it is not rigid. Lining words are allowed to be added to the fixed pattern, and some sentences can be added to some tunes.

Compared with quatrains and Song lyrics, it has greater flexibility.

Yuan opera combines traditional poetry, folk songs and dialects to form a humorous, free and straightforward artistic style, which has a very important impact on the innovation and development of Ci styles.

Yuan opera, which became a literary flourishing after Tang Dynasty poetry and Song lyrics, has its own unique charm: on the one hand, Yuan opera inherited the elegance and elegance of poetry; on the other hand, Yuan Dynasty society made it difficult for scholars to see their relatives "The world style of Yuan Dynasty. The works describing love in Yuan opera are also more vigorous and bold than the poems of previous dynasties. These are enough to make Yuan opera maintain its artistic charm forever. Located in the position of "eight prostitutes, nine scholars and ten beggars", with political authoritarianism and social darkness, Therefore, Yuan Qu radiates an extremely dazzling battle brilliance and reveals the mood of resistance; it points directly at the social shortcomings and denounces the society in which "it is best not to read, and it is best not to be literate, and someone will praise you for not knowing anything". "Everyone is embarrassed by his life, and no one has money to live with". The works describing love in Yuan opera are more vigorous and bold than those in previous generations. These are enough to keep the artistic charm of Yuan opera.