"Pipa Tour"

Tang Dynasty: Bai Juyi

The Xunyang River sees off guests on the first night, and the maple leaves and flowers rustle in autumn. The master dismounted and was on board the boat. He wanted to drink wine, but there was no orchestra.

I can’t be too drunk to say goodbye happily, and when I say goodbye, the vast river is soaked in the moon. Suddenly I heard the sound of pipa playing on the water, and the host forgot to return home.

Who is asking questions secretly? The sound of the pipa stopped and it was too late to speak. Move the boat closer to invite each other, add wine, turn back the lights, and resume the feast.

After calling for a long time, he came out, still holding the pipa and half covering his face. There are three or two sounds of the strings being plucked by the rotating shaft, and there is emotion before the tune is formed.

The strings muffle the sounds and thoughts, as if complaining of failure in life. The formalities of the letter were continued with a low eyebrow, telling all the infinite things in one's heart.

Lightly gathered, slowly twisted and then picked again, at first it was a colorful dress and then it was six years old. The big strings are noisy like the rain, and the small strings are like whispers.

Noisy and jumbled bullets, big and small beads falling onto the jade plate. The orioles in Guan Guan are talking at the bottom of the flowers, and the spring water is flowing down the beach.

The ice spring is cold and the strings are condensed, and the condensation will never pass and the sound gradually stops. Don't worry and hate yourself. Silence is better than sound at this time.

The silver bottle bursts out, and the water slurries burst out, and the cavalry stands out with swords and guns. At the end of the song, the plectrum is carefully drawn, and the four strings sound like cracking silk.

The east boat and the west boat were silent, except for the white autumn moon in the middle of the river. While he was chanting and plucking strings, he straightened his clothes and tightened his features.

She said that she was originally a girl from the capital city, and her family lived under the Xia Toad Mausoleum. At the age of 13, he learned the pipa successfully and became the first member of the Jiaofang.

Qu Ba often teaches talented people how to dress well and make up so that Qiu Niang is jealous of her. The young men in Wuling were tangled up in their heads, and they sang red silk songs countless times.

The silver grate on the tin head was smashed into pieces, and the bloody skirt was stained by wine. This year's laughter will bring back the next, and the autumn moon and spring breeze will pass easily.

My younger brother left to join the army, and my aunt died. The front door is deserted and there are few cars and horses. The boss is married to a businessman.

Businessmen value profit over separation. The month before last, they went to Fuliang to buy tea. I went back and forth to the mouth of the river asking for an empty boat. I circled the boat under the bright moon and the river was cold.

Late at night, I suddenly dreamed about my youth. I cried in red makeup and shed tears. I sighed when I heard the pipa, and I sighed again when I heard the words.

We are both fallen people at the end of the world, so why should we have known each other before meeting. I resigned from the imperial capital last year and was relegated to Xunyang City where I was sick.

There is no music in the remote place of Xunyang, and the sound of silk and bamboo is not heard all year round. The land where I live near Huancheng is low and humid, and yellow reeds and bitter bamboos grow around my house.

What did you hear in the morning and evening? The cuckoo cries and the blood ape moans. On a spring river with flowers facing the autumn moonlight, I often drink wine alone while drinking.

Are there no folk songs and village flutes? It's hard to listen to the vomiting and muttering. Tonight, hearing your pipa music makes my ears suddenly bright as if listening to fairy music.

Mo Cigen sat down to play a piece of music and translated it into a pipa line for you. I feel that I have been saying this for a long time, but sitting down makes the strings turn sharply.

The sad sound is not like the forward sound, and everyone in the house is crying after hearing it again. Who among you cried the most? Jiangzhou Sima's green shirt is wet.

Translation:

On an autumn night I went to see off a returning guest at the head of the Xunyang River. The cold wind blew the autumn leaves and reed flowers rustling. My guests and I dismounted and held a farewell banquet on the boat. We raised our glasses to drink but the music did not entertain us. I was not happy after drinking the wine and was even more sad that I was about to say goodbye. When I said goodbye, the bright moon was reflected in the vast river at night. Suddenly I heard the crisp sound of pipa playing on the river; I forgot about the returning guests and didn't want to leave.

Look for the source of the sound and ask who is playing the pipa? The pipa stopped for a long time but there was no movement. We moved the boat closer and invited her to come out to meet her; we asked the servants to add wine, put back the lights, and start the banquet again. After calling her a thousand times, she slowly walked out, still holding the pipa in her arms, half covering her face. I tightened the piano shaft and plucked the strings to play a few test sounds; before the tune was formed, the shape was very sentimental.

Xianxian's sad and sad voice implies deep contemplation; it seems to be telling her life's frustration; she lowers her head and plays continuously; using the sound of the piano to tell all the infinite past events in her heart. Gather it gently, twist it slowly, apply it for a while, and pick it for a while. The first performance was "The Song of Colorful Feather Clothes" and then the "Liu Yao". The big string is loud, long and noisy like a storm; the small string is gentle and quiet, like someone whispering.

The noisy sounds are intertwined with each other; like big beads and small beads falling from a jade plate in a string. The sound of the pipa is sometimes like the smooth and smooth sound of birds singing under the flowers, and sometimes it is like the deep, low and intermittent sound of water flowing under the ice. It was as if the sound of the pipa played by the cold water in the spring began to condense, and the condensed and unsmooth sound gradually stopped.

It seems that another kind of sadness and hatred is secretly growing; at this time, the silence is more moving than the sound. Suddenly it was like a silver bottle breaking and water splashing everywhere; it was also like armored cavalry fighting with swords and guns. At the end of the song, she aimed at the center of the strings and plucked them; the fourth string made a roar that seemed to tear the fabric. People on the east and west boats listened quietly; they saw the white autumn moon reflected in the middle of the river.

She pondered, put away the pick and inserted it into the strings; she straightened her clothes and still showed a solemn face. She said that I used to be a famous singer in the capital; my hometown lived in Xia Tooling, southeast of Chang'an City. I learned how to play the pipa at the age of thirteen; my name was listed in the first team of the Jiaofang Orchestra. Every time she plays a song, she is impressed by the art masters; every time she puts on makeup, she is jealous of her fellow geishas.

The wealthy children of Kyoto rushed to present gifts; after playing a song, they collected countless red ribbons. The silver grate on the tin head is often broken and smashed; the red skirt is stained by wine, but I don't regret it. Year after year we spend our time laughing and playing; the beautiful time when autumn turns to spring is wasted in vain. My brother joined the army and my sister died, and the family fortune has been ruined; as the evening passes and the morning comes, I gradually grow older and lose appearance.

There are fewer cars and horses in front of the door and only a few visitors; my youth is gone and I have to marry a businessman as my wife. Businessmen who value profits rather than love often leave easily; last month he went to Fuliang to do tea business. He left and left me alone to guard the empty boat at the river mouth; the autumn moon accompanied me around the cabin, and the autumn water was cold. Late at night, I often dream of having fun and reveling in my youth; I wake up crying in my dreams, staining my pink face with tears.

I had already shaken my head and sighed when I heard Pipa's cry; and hearing her words made me even more miserable. We are both miserable people who have fallen to the end of the world; why should we ask if we have known each other before when we meet today? Since I left the bustling capital of Chang'an last year, I was demoted to live by the Xunyang River and often fell ill. Xunyang is a desolate and remote place with no music; no orchestral instruments can be heard all year round.

Living in a low-lying and humid place in the Huanjiang River, the house is surrounded by yellow reeds and bitter bamboos. What can you hear here sooner or later? It's all the sad cries of cuckoos and monkeys. The flowers on the spring river are as beautiful as the moonlit night on the autumn river; but I have no choice but to drink wine alone. Are there no folk songs and village flutes here? It's just that the hoarse and rough tone is really unpleasant.

Tonight when I listen to you playing the pipa and expressing your true feelings, it’s like my eyes light up and my ears light up when I hear fairy music. Please don't refuse to sit down and play another song; I'm going to compose a new poem for you, "Pipa Song." Moved by my words, she stood for a long time; turned around, sat down, and tightened the strings to make an urgent sound.

The mournful sound was no longer the same as before; everyone present covered their faces and cried non-stop. I want to ask who among you has shed the most tears. I, Sima Jiangzhou, am soaked in my blue shirt with tears!

Extended information:

1. Creation background

"Pipa Xing" was created in the 11th year of Yuanhe (816 AD). It is a seven-character ancient poem. When Bai Juyi was appointed as an admonisher, he was outspoken and dared to admonish, sympathized with the sufferings of the people, and wrote a large number of allegorical poems, which offended Emperor Xianzong of the Tang Dynasty and offended the powerful and was demoted.

His demotion was actually an unjust case. He was hit repeatedly, and he was in a desolate mood and full of anger. The following year (the 11th year of Yuanhe), when seeing off guests at Fanpukou, he met the pipa girl and composed this famous poem.

2. Appreciation

The poet strives to create the image of the pipa girl. From the beginning to "still holding the pipa and half covering her face", write about the appearance of the pipa girl. The first sentence, "Send off guests on the first night of the Xunyang River," contains only seven words, giving a general introduction to the characters (the host and the guests), the place (the head of the Xunyang River), the event (the host seeing off the guests) and the time (night) one by one;

The sentence "Maple leaves, Dihua flowers rustling in autumn" is used to color the environment, and the feeling of desolation and loneliness of seeing off guests on an autumn night has been conveyed repeatedly. However, he was desolate and lonely, so he fell into the mood of "raising wine to drink without orchestral music". The three words "no orchestra" not only echo the following "no sound of silk and bamboo all year round", but also pave the way for the appearance and playing of the pipa girl.

Because of "no orchestral music", the foreshadowing is already very strong, and "the vast river is soaked in the moon when we say farewell" is used to add a layer of environmental coloring, making "suddenly parting." "Hearing the sound of the pipa on the water" has a strong sense of the sound of footsteps in an empty valley. It is no wonder that "the host forgot to return home and did not say anything", so he wanted to "look for the sound and secretly ask who is playing it" and "move the boat closer to invite him to meet".

From the "autumn desolation", "no orchestral music" and "miserable farewell" at the time of "seeing off guests at night", they have changed to "sudden hearing", "searching for sounds", "secret inquiries" and "moving the boat". Until the "invitation to meet", this can be said to be "a thousand calls" for the appearance of Pipa Girl. But "inviting to meet" is not that easy, and she has to go through a process of "thousands of calls" before she is willing to "come out."

This is not because she cares about identity. Just as "I" long to listen to the fairy-like sound of the pipa, "I want to write down the hatred of the end of the world", she "comes out after calling for thousands of times" because she has "the hatred of the end of the world", which is inconvenient to say clearly. , and don’t want to see anyone. The poet grasped this point and expressed her unspeakable pain with the portrait description of "the sound of the pipa stopped and she was too late to speak" and "still holding the pipa half-hiding her face".

The following paragraph reveals the inner world of the Pipa Girl by describing the music she plays. First, he wrote the tune test with the sentence "Three or two times when the string is plucked by the rotating shaft", and then praised "There is love before the tune is formed", highlighting the word "love". The following six sentences of "The strings cover the sound and the sound is thought" summarize the playing process of "First "Nishang" and then "Liuyao".

It not only describes the attitude of playing with "low eyebrows, formalities to continue playing", "lightly closes, slowly twists and wipes, then picks", but also summarizes it with "like complaining about one's failure in life" and "telling all the infinite things in one's heart". It understands the thoughts and emotions expressed by the pipa girl through music. In the next fourteen sentences, when describing music with the help of the phonology of language, various vivid metaphors are also used to enhance its image.

"The big strings are noisy like the pelting rain", which not only imitates the sound of the overlapping word "caocao", but also uses "like the pelting rain" to visualize it. The same is true for "little strings sound like whispers". This is not enough. "Noisy and chaotic bombs" has reproduced the interlaced appearance of the two melodies "Like a pelting rain" and "Like a whisper", and then compared with "Big beads and small beads falling on a jade plate", the visual image and the auditory image It was revealed at the same time.

It’s dazzling and overwhelming. The melody continues to change, with two artistic conceptions appearing first "slippery" and then "astringent". The sound of "Jianguan" is brisk and fluent, and this sound is like "a warbler's voice at the bottom of a flower". The beauty of the visual image strengthens the beauty of the auditory image. The sound of "throat" is sad and choked, and this sound is like "spring flowing under the ice". The coldness of the visual image strengthens the coldness of the auditory image.

From "cold" to "condensed", it is a process of "the sound gradually stops". The poet describes it with the beautiful line "Don't be sad and resentful. At this time, silence is better than sound." The artistic realm of lingering sounds and endless meaning is amazing. By this point, I thought it was over.

Unexpectedly, the "sorrow and hatred" accumulated infinite power in the process of "the sound gradually stopped" and could not be suppressed. Finally, like "the silver bottle was broken for the first time", the water slurry rushed out, like " The iron cavalry protrudes" and the roar of swords and guns suddenly pushes the undercurrent of "condensation" to a climax. When it reaches its climax, it stops abruptly after one painting. Although the song ends, the soul-stirring and thrilling charm of the music has not disappeared.

The poet also used the environmental description of "the boats in the east and west were silent, and only saw the white moon in the middle of the river in autumn", leaving readers with a broad space for aftertaste. Such a vivid reproduction of the ever-changing musical images cannot but make us admire the author's artistic talent. But the author's talent is not only reflected in the reproduction of musical images, but more importantly, in the ever-changing musical images.

It shows the ups and downs of the Pipa girl's heart, and provides a musical rendering for the following story of life. Just like after the "invitation to meet", the details of the invitation to play the pipa are omitted; after the end of the song, the inquiry about life experience is also omitted, and two sentences describing the portrait are used to transition to "self-talk": " The look of "thinking deeply" is obviously related to the inquiry, which reflects her inner contradiction of wanting to speak but not giving up;

"put out the plucking", "insert the strings", "rectify the clothes", "get up", "collect the face", etc. A series of movements and expressions show her psychological activities of overcoming conflicts and expressing her joy. Following "Self-talk", with a lyrical style of resentment, admiration, and weeping, it composes a gripping tragic song for Pipa Girl's half-life experience. It complements the music of "Telling the Infinite Things in My Heart" and completes the story of Pipa Girl. The image creation of the protagonist.

The image of the heroine is extremely vivid and realistic, and is highly typical.

Through this image, it profoundly reflects the tragic fate of musicians and artists who were insulted and damaged in feudal society. Faced with this image, how could we not shed tears of sympathy!

The author revealed his self-image in the emotional waves stirred by the fate of the Pipa girl. The "I" in "I resigned from the imperial capital last year and was exiled to Xunyang City where I was sick" is the author himself. The author suffered a blow because of his demand to abolish tyranny and implement benevolent government. He was demoted from Chang'an to Jiujiang and felt very painful. When the Pipa Girl first played the plaintive music and expressed her thoughts, she had already touched his heartstrings.

He let out a deep sigh. When the Pipa girl told herself about her life experience and said, "Late at night, I suddenly dreamed about my youth, and my dream was crying and my makeup was red with tears.", it aroused his emotional screams even more: "We are both fallen people in the world, why should we meet before?" ". Feeling sympathy for each other and speaking with the same voice, I couldn't help but tell my story.

When writing about the pipa girl's self-reported life experience, she details the past and briefly mentions the present; when writing about her own experiences, she doesn't even mention what happened before she was demoted. This may mean that the details of the other are used to supplement the outline of this! For example, is there some similarity between the situation in which the lute girl "often taught good people and was jealous of Qiu Niang" in the capital city in the past and the situation before the author was demoted?

Similarly, are there some similarities between his situation after being demoted and Pipa Girl's situation after "the boss married a businesswoman"? It seems that there is, otherwise, how could we express the emotion of "we are all reduced to the end of the world"?