How to translate the various beats in music?

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Section III. Strength symbols and terms

Piano (p) is weak

Piano (PP) is weak

Forte (f) is strong

Fortissimo (ff) is strong

Me. Medium strength

Sforzando (sf) is strong

Fortepiano (fp) is strong and then weak

Pianoforte (pf) is weak first and then strong

Diminuendo (dim) is weak

Crescendo (cresc) is strong

Ritardando (rit). Sudden slow

Calando gradually weakened; Quietly

smorzando fades away and slowly disappears (often used at the end)

Con tutta forza is powerful

Contutta Forza uses all its strength as loudly as possible

Complete works of common musical terms

1. Cycle

A large instrumental music or acoustic instrument composed of multiple movements

2. Suite

Music composed of several relatively independent instrumental music

3. Sonata

refers to instrumental ensemble suite similar to suite. Since Haydn Mozart, it refers to instrumental solo suite (piano sonata) composed of 3-4 movements or instrumental music composed of solo instrument and piano (violin sonata)

4. Symphony. It usually consists of four movements, the structure of which is the same as that of a solo sonata

5. concerto

consists of one or more solo instruments competing with the orchestra. A large-scale instrumental suite that shows its personality and skills. It is divided into solo concerto, concerto, concertino, etc.

6, symphony poem symphony poem

single movement title * * * loud music

7, tone poem poeme

single movement orchestral music, similar to symphony poem

8, overture < p. In the 19th century, an independent concert overture

9. prelude

is a small and medium-sized instrumental music with impromptu nature and independent musical ideas, which is often put before a music or suite with strict structure as a preface.

1. toccata

keyboard music with compact rhythm and quick touch of keys

11. fantasia

instrumental music with a sense of improvisation or free fantasy

12. capriccio

fantasia with free form. After the 19th century, it is a kind of imaginative improvisational instrumental music

13, rhapsody

an instrumental fantasy with distinctive national characteristics, which started in the early 19th century with national or folk tunes as the main material

14, etude study

a music written to improve the technical level of instrumental players

15, and songs wighout

. Piano music

16, Romance

Romance, which are melodious parts, mainly refer to lyrical sound music and singing instrumental music

17, ballade

narrative and dramatic piano solo

18 and nocturne

instrumental music popular in the 18th century western aristocratic society. The love song

2 and scherzo

scherzo, which originated in medieval Europe, were sung by poets in front of lovers' windows. Triple-beat music or acoustic music with strong rhythm, fast speed, ease and liveliness

21. intermezzo

is a cut or interlude in opera or drama; The other is an instrumental music

22 with a free form and a small space, and the Latin transliteration of fugue

means hiding. Large-scale music written in polyphony

23, cannon

polyphonic music form composed of pure imitation

24, round

acoustic music written in the same degree or octave cannon

25, and piano ditty with polyphonic structure. Like a prelude or a little fugue. Bach began to use this name

26, vocalization

vocal etude

27 with vowels, syllables or roll calls without lyrics, rondo

28 with the same main part and several different inserts alternately, variation

theme and a series of changes are repeated. Music

29, march

3, and characteristic music

are composed in accordance with the unified artistic conception, which refer to instrumental melodies full of poetic and life interest, mainly piano melodies

31 and morning song alborada

which originated from the pastorable

33, boat songs barcarolle

songs sung by Venetian boatmen and acoustic and instrumental music that imitate such songs

34, elegy

acoustic or instrumental music that expresses sadness

35, lullaby

lyric or instrumental music. Describe the rhythm of cradle swing, similar to boat songs.

36. Divertimento

An instrumental ensemble suite that entertained guests in the 18th century

37. impromptu

, an occasional lyrical characteristic song, became the name of instrumental short music in the 19th century. The form is similar to the song

38, endless perpetuum mobile

music with rapid rhythm from beginning to end

39, and the short piece bagatelle

is a lively and humorous feature song. It is often piano ditty

4, humoreske

humorous or simple, clear and pleasant instrumental music

41, Novelette

, a piano characteristic music founded by R. Schumann

42, and Paraphrase

14-16th century church. F. Liszt borrowed this name to call it famous acoustic music and instrumental music, especially the piano arrangement for opera selection is deductive music

43, dance music

instrumental music or acoustic music written according to dance rhythm

44, minuet

three-time dance music originated from French folk. It is named

45 because of its minimal dance steps, Gavit gavotte

medium-speed and four-beat dance music originated from French folk

46, tarantella

fast-paced and passionate dance music originated from Italy

47, Polka polka

fast-paced two-beat dance music originated from Czech Republic

48. A triple-beat dance music originated from Austrian folk.

49. Mazurka, Mazzuca

A lively and passionate triple-beat dance for two originated from Polish folk

5. Polonaise, polonaise

Polish dance. The solemn and slow triple-beat dance music

51, habanera

Avanella originated from Polish folk. Medium-speed two-beat dance music

52 introduced to Cuba by African blacks, medium-speed, two-beat or four-beat dance music

53 introduced to Argentina after tango

sung by one person, usually accompanied by musical instruments or bands, and sometimes accompanied by human voices

54, and sung by more than two people in unison

. According to the voice or number of people, there are two or more groups of singers, namely, duet, trio and quartet

56, lead a chorus

singing form in which one person sings the harmony of all

57, chorus

. The singing form

58, cappella Cappella

chorus form

59, ensemble

composed of various musical instruments, are often divided into several groups according to the different types of musical instruments, and each group plays certain parts, playing the same musical form

6 and accompaniment. The instrumental music used to set off the dance is also often called accompaniment

61, solo solo

. When one person plays an instrument, other instruments or bands often accompany

62, and two or more players play the same tune at the same time according to the same degree or octave relationship, chamber music

usually refers to being played by a few people.

64. Duet

chamber music with two parts by two instruments

65. Trio

chamber music with three parts by three instruments

66. string trio

chamber music with three parts by violin, viola and cello

. Piano trio piano trio

chamber music played by piano and two other instruments (stringed or wind instruments)

68, quartet

chamber music with four parts played by four instruments

69, string quartet

composed of two violins, Chamber music played by a viola and a cello

7, piano quartet

Chamber music played by violin, viola, cello and piano

1, divertimento Cycle

A large-scale instrumental music or acoustic instrument composed of multiple movements

2, Suite

composed of several relatively. Sonata

refers to an instrumental ensemble suite similar to a suite. Since Haydn Mozart, it refers to an instrumental solo suite consisting of 3-4 movements (piano sonata) or an instrumental ensemble composed of a solo instrument and a piano (violin sonata)

4. symphony

Large orchestral suite. It usually consists of four movements, the structure of which is the same as that of a solo sonata