The key points of water art landscape design are very important. Only by understanding the design key points can we better formulate the design plan. The handling of every detail is very critical, and we must pay attention to combining it with reality. Zhongda Consulting will explain to you the key points of water art landscape design.
In recent years, the application technology of waterscape has developed rapidly, and many technologies have been widely used in practice. Waterscape has gradually formed a relatively independent engineering branch, but there is still no systematic guiding theory in engineering design practice. imperfect.
In general, water art landscapes can be divided into two categories: one is to use terrain or civil structures to imitate natural water landscapes. Such as streams, waterfalls, artificial lakes, fish ponds, springs, falling water, etc., these have many applications in traditional Chinese gardens.
The second is to rely entirely on fountain equipment for landscaping. Various fountains such as musical fountains, program-controlled fountains, dry land fountains, atomized fountains, etc. This type of waterscape has only been widely used in the construction field in recent years, but its development is rapid.
Various waterscape projects generally consist of the following aspects: civil pool body, pipeline valve system, power pump system, lighting system, etc.
Large water bodies or places with high requirements for water quality must also have a water quality treatment system.
A good waterscape design must be the product of the perfect combination of the above-mentioned professional systems based on excellent artistic effect design. The design points are as follows:
1. Shape design When selecting the overall waterscape design and nozzle selection, you should first analyze the basic requirements of the environmental atmosphere, then analyze various waterscape forms, sort out different combination schemes, draw renderings, and select the best among them.
Waterscape forms include still water, flowing water, falling water, spraying water, etc. These forms can derive colorful changes, especially due to the development of sprinkler technology, the spraying posture has changed even more Thousands. With these materials, and through the artistic design of professionals, you can outline a beautiful water art landscape.
In addition, different landscape forms are suitable for different application scenarios. For example, musical fountains are generally suitable for gathering places such as squares. It uses an organic combination of music, water shapes, and lights to give people visual and auditory beauty; at the same time, the fountain and the square are integrated into one, forming part of the building. Buildings in residential areas are more suitable to be designed to be surrounded by streams to reflect a quiet and leisurely atmosphere, giving people a gentle and relaxing visual enjoyment, thereby creating a pleasant living and resting space.
The choice of nozzles in fountain design is very important. Various types of sprinklers are widely used in water features to generate different water shapes. At present, there is a huge difference in the quality of domestically produced nozzles. Compared with similar foreign products, the biggest problem is not only the appearance, but also the design quality. For example, the nozzle usage parameters provided by a certain manufacturer are far from the actual operating values. The biggest requirement for sprinklers in water landscape projects is that the water shape is beautiful and the jet is smooth and stable. However, the jets of most domestic products are either strongly divergent or shaved horizontally; even if they are the same batch of products, their water shape quality is extremely unstable. In addition to the lack of precision of domestic nozzles due to small-scale production machining, the fundamental problem is water quality. There is no complete design theory and design basis in the design of landscape-specific sprinklers. Therefore, we suggest that the national professional society organizes relevant experts to formulate practical design specifications and standards as soon as possible, so that my country's waterscape fountain industry can further develop in a more standardized manner.
In actual use, attention should be paid to the characteristics of various nozzles. Generally, water film nozzles have poor wind resistance and are not suitable for use in windy outdoor situations; while jet-suction nozzles such as cedar or spring are more sensitive to water level changes. When using them, you must not only pay attention to water level changes, but also design the pool body. There are corresponding measures to suppress waves. Such as setting up a longer overflow weir or underwater retaining wall. However, it is also conducive to the hydraulic phenomenon of wave oscillation to build a pulsating fountain. The regular wave surging makes the water jet jump regularly and change in height. There are also many high-tech fountain equipment that can also be used in water art landscapes. The jets of the Guangming Fountain and Jumping Fountain are very smooth and stable, with the appearance of a glass rod, and can accurately fall into the water receiving hole; the Jumping Fountain can generate water jets with variable lengths under computer control; the Jumping Ball Fountain can eject water with a controllable size. smooth water polo. They are all very interesting and unforgettable. The various high-tech nozzles used in large-scale musical fountains and the various high-tech nozzles and underwater motion machinery and control components used in underwater musical fountains are also of various types and are available for a wide range of choices.
2. Civil pool design. Generally, the depth of common landscape pools is 0.6-0.8m. The reason for this is to ensure the submergence depth of the water inlet, and the bottom of the pool is an integral plane, which is also convenient for Installation, construction and maintenance of pipeline equipment in the pool. A suction pit or pump pit is only used when designing a shallow butterfly-shaped pool that reflects hydrophilic characteristics. The water depth of 0.6-0.8m is actually very unsafe. Similarly, in the design of children's paddling pools, the depth generally used is about 0.3-0.6m. Once a child falls into the landscape pool, it will be very dangerous. We believe that a more suitable water depth is 0.2-0.4m. Another advantage of this is that when the water turbidity is slightly higher, it still feels crystal clear. The top surface of the pool wall should be suitable for tourists to sit and rest. The height of the top surface of the pool wall from the ground is generally 0.30-0.45m. Except for artificial lakes, the water surface should be higher than the ground. If the water level is low, it will feel like you are facing a deep pool. From the perspective of hydrophilicity, a more appropriate scale is 0.2m from the water surface to the top of the pool wall, which is more reasonable. The submersible pump pit or water pump suction port only needs to be partially deepened to meet the water absorption conditions. A grate can be set up on the surface of the pump pit to shield the equipment and serve as a grille to prevent the inhalation of large particles of impurities. From an aesthetic point of view, exposed pipe equipment should be minimized on the pool surface, especially vertical overflow pipes, which will produce loud drainage and suction sounds when the water surface rises.
3. Pipe material selection Older projects generally used hot-dip galvanized steel pipes, but there were many shortcomings.
After a period of use, the surface of steel pipes will corrode, affecting their appearance, and their service life is more than twice as short as that of concrete structures. The better pipe materials are copper pipes and stainless steel pipes, but the cost is higher. UPVC pipes can avoid corrosion, but they have problems such as poor weather resistance, and direct light exposure accelerates discoloration and aging. It should be a more reasonable and economical solution to bury it secretly under the bottom of the pool (when using it in the north, pay attention to the layout of the slope and set up a vent valve at the low end, which needs to be drained and anti-freeze in winter), and use copper or stainless steel pipes in the exposed parts. According to the manufacturer, the service life of UPVC pipes can reach fifty years without direct sunlight.
4. Selection of water pump form. Currently, in order to save building area or reduce project cost, many waterscape projects use submersible pumps that do not require a pump room as hydraulic lifting equipment. However, at present, the reliability of my country's (including some foreign submersible pumps) is much lower than that of dry centrifugal pumps. The consequences of damage to individual submersible pumps are: first, water features often have local defects and incomplete shapes; second, once the insulation of the water pump is damaged, the water body will become electrified. There have been several casualties in China due to leakage of landscape submersible pumps. If a centrifugal pump is used, the length of the pipeline will be increased and a pump room will be required, which will increase the cost of the water landscape a lot. Therefore, developing high-reliability submersible pumps is a key to reducing the cost of waterscape projects. In terms of maintenance conditions, centrifugal pumps also have advantages that submersible pumps cannot match. To maintain reliable long-term operation of your waterscape, we believe that centrifugal pumps should be the first choice. (When using a centrifugal pump, a leakage protection switch must be installed. At the same time, the water pump should be reliably grounded repeatedly. At the same time, the steel mesh of the pool body should be grounded at equal potential, and the design of the building electrical and construction specifications should be strictly followed.
5. Lighting And electrical design underwater lighting fixtures are commonly used equipment in waterscapes, especially in fountains. Currently, Philips underwater lights with plastic brackets are used more in China, and they have many problems, such as poor structural strength. It is easy to be damaged when the water in the pool fluctuates strongly or is affected by other external forces. The sealing design of the lamp has poor reliability, and the plastic ages quickly under sunlight. Once the lamp is damaged or the seal fails, electricity will leak out and the water body will become charged, becoming the biggest hidden danger to the safety of the waterscape. At present, the design of water feature fountains is generally handled by professional fountain manufacturers. In addition, the national standards for water features are not very complete, and there are many loopholes in safety precautions. Therefore, domestic design and construction specifications should be carefully studied and formulated in terms of the safety of water features. The author believes that in water features that are not isolated, easy to access, or highly participatory, 12-volt safety voltage must be used in accordance with the swimming pool electrical design specifications, and the lamp body should be completely shielded when the intensity is high. In tall lamp housings, the lamp housings should be connected to the pool, and the lamps should be placed in such a way that they should be protected by pipe nozzles and other objects. If the power transmission distance is long, the output voltage should be increased to compensate for the voltage of the cable. To reduce losses. Insulation should be ensured between the high and low voltage windings of the transformer. It is best to separate the primary and secondary windings, and the transformer core should also be grounded.
When the lamp installed has a large power, consider setting up a transformer nearby the water feature. When high-voltage lamps such as metal halide lamps must be used due to special needs, an isolation transformer must also be used. No matter what the circumstances, a leakage protection switch must be used to ensure personal safety.
6. Water level control is sometimes extremely important for controlling the water level of water features. For example, cedar nozzles, spring nozzles and other jet-suction nozzles are very sensitive to changes in water level. A slight rise or fall in the water level will cause great changes in the height of the fountain and the shape of the water. To this end, there should be reliable automatic water replenishment devices and overflow pipelines. A better approach is to use an independent water level balancing pool and a hydraulic water level control valve, and use a connecting pipe of sufficient diameter to connect to the water feature pool. If it is placed outdoors, the water level balance well should be disguised, such as making it look like a big tree root or rockery mountain. In northern areas, anti-freeze issues should also be fully considered. The overflow pipeline should be installed in the water level balance well. Since the balance well is usually covered with a top cover, it can also shield the overflow and water replenishment noise.
7. Water source and water quality control At present, most of the water sources used in waterscapes are tap water, and a few use relatively clean natural water bodies or groundwater as water sources. Our country is a water-scarce country, and most cities are short of water. How to save water resources and maintain landscape water quality has become an increasingly important issue. A common trend in the industry is to use reclaimed water after reprocessing as the water source for water landscapes. The author believes that this method should be vigorously promoted, but further technical research should be conducted to improve the implementation process.
Landscape water quality must first be clear, colorless and odorless. If a water landscape is not guaranteed by good water quality, it cannot be said to be aesthetic. For this reason, in areas with normal sunshine in summer, the water needs to be changed and cleaned every 7-15 days. The first reason is that the falling dust causes the turbidity to increase, and more importantly, the growth of algae affects the turbidity and color to a degree that is unacceptable to the senses.
Research shows that when the total phosphorus concentration in the water exceeds 0.015mg/l and the nitrogen concentration exceeds 0.3mg/l, algae will multiply, becoming the primary cause of water quality deterioration. An effective method to inhibit algae is generally to add copper sulfate to the water, but the effect is not significant. The fundamental solution to the problem is still how to remove N and P. The author believes that this problem can be better solved by using high-quality miscellaneous drainage water as the water source, and after relatively complete gray water treatment, additional treatment processes should be added to reduce the concentration of N and P in the water.
For algae control, focus on removing phosphorus from the water. Methods for removing P include biological methods, oxidation methods, chemical precipitation methods, and physical membrane treatment methods. Among them, biological methods have the lowest investment and operating costs, but it is generally impossible to build a biological treatment structure next to a water feature. Because biological treatment produces odor, it is also difficult to manage. It is more realistic to use chemical precipitation method. The principle of this method is to add metal ions to the water to form a precipitable substance with phosphate to remove phosphorus. The more commonly used agents include lime, alum, polyaluminum and ferrous sulfate. Since iron salt will increase the color of water, aluminum salt should be used. Theoretically, every 100 mol of aluminum salt invested can precipitate 1 mol of phosphate. Microflocs are generated through the flocculation of the aluminum salt, and the flocs are filtered out through filtration. The coagulation process can be combined with the conventional water circulation filtration system of the water landscape. After the water is changed, the system mainly removes phosphorus. When the phosphorus concentration drops, it mainly removes turbidity. This can greatly extend the use time of the water body, thereby achieving the purpose of saving water.
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