Let's look at two materials first: Fan Chuanzheng's "Tang Zuo picks up the tombstone of Hanlin Bachelor Li Gongxin" and says:
You must lie in a wine jar and walk only in a wine boat. Chanting the wind and chanting the moon, covering the sky on the ground.
Pei Jing's Tombstone of Hanlin Bachelor Li Gong says:
I respect the river table, pass under its tomb, love its talents, strengthen its spirit, taste its addiction to alcohol, know its suitability, and make a monument on the tomb.
Fan Chuanzheng summed up that Li Bai had been a good wine all his life. Pei Jing went a step further, deeply appreciating Li Bai's love of alcohol and understanding Li Bai's life choices. Wine is not only a key word for summarizing and evaluating Li Bai's life, but also a key word for understanding, appreciating and exploring Li Bai's inner world. The related "taste in wine" has become an interesting and important topic about Li Bai's poems and even Tang poems. To sum up, wine is interesting, wine is interesting and wine is really interesting. Please speak freely.
Wine is interesting
At all times and in all countries, there are works that love and love wine, praise and praise wine, and the second one of Li Bai's drinking Alone with the Moon is a model:
If the sky doesn't love wine, the wine star is not in the sky. If you do not love wine, you should not have the place name Jiuquan. Since heaven and earth all love wine, I love wine is worthy of the day. First I heard that wine was better than the holy one, and I heard that the turbid was better than the sage. Since the sages are drinking, why should they seek the gods again? Three cups of wine can pass the Confucian road, a race to drink up is just the natural of Taoism. I just get drunk fun, this taste can not be handed down to the people!
This work is Li Bai's alcoholism manifesto, which fully expresses his passionate attitude towards drinking and is worthy of the world, and even puts forward an important concept of "taste in wine" in the form of poetry. There are probably two kinds of human beings, those who like drinking and those who don't. Therefore, we often see some people indulging in drinking alone or scrambling for money, while others are puzzled and ask, "What's so good about wine?" The classic record of this question in history is the Book of Jin Meng Jia Chuan: "(Meng Jia) drinks a lot, and the more he drinks, the more he will not be chaotic. (Huan) Wen Wenjia:' What's good about wine? And you are addicted to it?' Jia yue said,' you have not got the taste of wine.' "Although Meng Jia didn't say the benefits of drinking, he thought he got the" taste in wine ",which is as mysterious as the truth, and can't be said without personal experience. Li Bai quoted and gave full play to the allusion of "the taste in wine", and said proudly that this taste could not and should not be conveyed to the sober and clear "awake". Coincidentally, Meng Haoran also mentioned "taste in wine" in "Xirandi Bamboo Pavilion":
the air is false and the breeze is in the bamboo forest. Da is the interest in wine, and the occasional sound on the piano.
in one of Liu Yuxi's occasional works, it is also said that "in the end, he respects wine, preferring pleasure rather than sweetness". Here, "sweetness" can be understood as the material taste enjoyment of wine, while "pleasure" is the psychological or spiritual enjoyment beyond the material enjoyment brought by wine to drinkers, that is, "the taste of wine".
It can be seen that there is a kind of "interest" in wine. At least as far as Li Bai is concerned, the interest in drinking sometimes lies in its role of relieving anxiety and rejuvenating, but it is more than that. The interest in drinking lies in the happiness of the soul and the relaxation of temperament after human nature is released. At this point, Li Bai inherited and surpassed the previous generation of drinkers. The drinkers who often appear in Li Bai's drinking poems are Cao Zhi, Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest, Shan Jian and Tao Yuanming. Li Bai accepted their influence and shared many similarities with them: compared with Cao Zijian, Li Bai was too arrogant and frustrated; Compared with Ruan Ji and Ji Kang, Li Bai shares his inner pain and depression; Compared with Shan Jian, Li Bai is the same as his alcoholic nature and the amount of heavy drinking; Compared with Tao Yuanming, Li Bai shares his inner loneliness and description. But Li Bai is different from them and surpasses them. In a healthy and prosperous age, Li Bai freely conveys and praises the full relaxation and enjoyment brought by wine to people's spiritual and psychological world, and enjoys the joy, ecstasy and freedom of drinking!
Therefore, many of Li Bai's poems and verses express his pure infatuation and full praise for wine in his nature, such as "You love your name after death, and I love the wine in front of you" ("Laughing and Singing"), "I am willing to sweep Parrot Island and get drunk with you for a hundred times" ("From Hanyang's sick wine to Wang Mingfu"), and "I have brushed a stone in the green hills and drunk with you for days.
Li Bai was not the only poet in the Tang Dynasty who was called by the "taste in wine" and was addicted to wine. Wang Ji said: "But if you get drunk for a thousand days, why not cherish two or three springs." ("Taste Spring Wine") Wang Bo said: "I am still drunk for a thousand days, and I will be a hundred years old." (Spring Garden) Ding Xianzhi said: "Ten thousand dollars is worth Yuhang wine, and in February, the Spring City longevity cup." Cui Mintong said, "If you can get drunk a few times before the flower, you will never give up your poverty if you sell 1 yuan of wine." Zhang Ji said: "You don't need to accumulate money to make the sky clear, and you don't need to take medicine to ask the gods. I hope the flowers grow well in the garden and grow old before drinking all my life. " ("Spring Day Trip") Han Wo said: "Why don't you get drunk after drinking? You don't know anything about it." ("melancholy") Nie Yizhong said: "One drink can solve all kinds of problems, and then one drink can break all kinds of worries. ..... I wish the water in the East China Sea would flow into the cup. " ("Drinking Music") These poets, in their drinking attitude, are consistent with Li Bai's concern and reach the same goal by different routes.
Among this kind of poems in the Tang Dynasty, Yuan Jie's a drinking song at stone-fish lake is the most distinctive. In the preface, he described the drunken scene on Shiyu Lake, which looks like a Dongting Junshan. In the poem, he started to imagine and perfunctory:
stone-Fish Lake is like Lake Dongting, when the top of Zun is green and the summer tide is rising. In with the mountain for a table, and the lake a fount of wine, drinkers sit on the island. Though a stiff wind for days has roughened the water, wine-boats constantly arrive. I have a long-necked gourd and, happy on Ba Island, drink and sit for four times to dispel your worries.
Li Bai once compared a Jianghan water to wine, and Yuanjie compared the scenic spot of Shiyu Lake to Dongting Junshan. Then he compared the mountain to a wine bottle, and the water to a wine marsh. The drinkers were sitting on the island with spoons to drink. What a pleasure!
In Tang poetry, it is often seen that such strong exaggeration and praise for drinking is the external expression of the author's satisfaction with pleasure. So, can this "interest in wine" of "don't pass it on to the awakened one" be conveyed by words?
let's try. Judging from the content of Tang poetry, its interest is generally at two ends: fun and true interest.
wine has fun
the fun in wine refers to the happiness of the soul, but let's start with distress. With regard to the life distress of the ancient people in China, Chen Ruoming commented on Nineteen Ancient Poems in Selected Ancient Poems of Caijitang, and there was a delicate and classic comment:
Nineteen Poems is a literary masterpiece through the ages, so it can be said that people have the same feelings. How many people have achieved success? Although it is rich and powerful, it is still insufficient. Is it poor? Who doesn't feel bad when you can't get your ambition, but your life is like a stream? People love what they love, and they want to be together for life, but who doesn't leave? In my mind, it is also common to guess what he thinks and abandon it. A husband who stays with him for life knows neither sorrow nor pleasure; At first glance, it is difficult to leave. It is the same purpose to abandon his wife and friends by chasing ministers.
In order to surmount this kind of distress, people in the Tang Dynasty often send their feelings to calligraphy, to immortals and to landscapes, but forget about the cup and the lamp and seek pleasure in singing and dancing, which is also the choice of Li Bai and many people in the Tang Dynasty. The enjoyment of drinking is a comprehensive experience, although Li Bai will occasionally "be indifferent to wine, and the fallen flowers will make me feel better." When you are drunk, the birds are still rare "("Self-Dispatch "), but more drinking scenes are" listening to singing and dancing silver candles and putting the wine lightly. " The flute plays the autumn moon, the pipa plays the carnival of "Mo Sang" ("Farewell to Zhang Wu at Night"), the beautiful scenery brings a pleasant mood, the jade plate brings a refreshing heart, the beauty song and dance brings a pleasant heart, and the enjoyment of each material brings a corresponding spiritual happiness. Wine is the most critical factor, and it is intertwined with the beautiful scenery, food, beauty and music that wine can more fully touch the drinker. The pleasure of the soul caused by this comprehensive experience can be called the pleasure of wine. Poets express this pleasure in this way:
Jia Zhi's "Two Dui Jiu Qu" says:
Mei Fa Liu Yiyi, Huang Li flies around. When songs pity the scenery, they cherish the fragrance of wine. Qushui floats in the air, and the wind blows away the dance clothes. Stay in the rain all night, and go to Mo Yan's home.
the wine in spring is strong, so it's good for spring. A thousand worries are dispersed in one drink, and everything is empty in three cups. Singing songs and taking advantage of the beautiful scenery, drunk dancing to the east wind. Send a message to respect the former guests, and your career will change.
Quan Deyu's "Song of Songs" says:
The ringing rings move the dark hills, and the horses are decorated with white jade saddles. 1 thousand fights for wine are not expensive, and half-drunk guests are invited to have fun. The silver candle will last for a long time, and the maid-in-waiting will pour spring wine. Spring wine is filled with amber light, and it smells like orchid musk deer. At first glance, the wrist reflects the sleeves, and I can hear the songs clearly. If you don't see two beauties, you will win Zhao Feiyan one by one. Welcome the cup, lift the pomegranate skirt at first, and hand in the acacia fan when mixing the powder evenly.
Bai Juyi's "Drunk Song (Showing Geisha's Business Linglong)" says:
Stop playing the huqin, cover up the harp, and Linglong will pay homage to the beginning of the song. Who makes you understand the song, listen to the yellow chicken and the day. The yellow chicken urges the dawn to be ugly when it sounds, and the daytime urges the year to be unitary before it. The red ribbon at the waist is unstable, and Zhu Yan has lost sight in the mirror. Exquisite, exquisite, Nai Khin, made you sing your song.
Jia Zhi wrote "Stay in the rain, spring wine and singing and dancing have fun together"; Quan Deyu's poems are half drunk, and he still sings and dances; Bai Juyi is drunk and self-satisfied, but he still wants to ask Linglong to sing again. The common point of these three poems is that they are written by combining drunken wine with singing and dancing. The wine is more mellow because of singing and dancing, and the singing and dancing are more moving in the eyes of drunkards. When the booze rose from singing and dancing to singing and dancing, the poet's drunken poetry also reached its peak.
This pleasure of drinking is most vividly expressed in Li Bai's poems. Li Bai's binge drinking is always inseparable from music, singing and dancing, for example, "When you rush into the green gate, you can sing a song and win a cup.". The cup reflects a song fan, which seems to be seen in the moon and clouds "("Meet the Travel ")," Beat the building and drink wine, and the sword song is easy to water "("Youth Travel "I)," Liyang Restaurant is in March and spring, and Yang Hua is worried about killing people. Hu's green eyes blow Yu Di, and Wu's song flies Liang Chen. Husbands are happy to meet each other, beating oxen and beating drums to meet all the guests "("Tiger Walking ")," Mulan's burden is a boat with a sand pond, and jade flute and gold pipe sit at both ends. There are thousands of welcome in the wine bottles, and prostitutes are allowed to go and stay with the waves "("Songs on the River ")," Levy Lechang Music Hall, open a feast and list pots. Qing - e beauty sandwiched between hyun and Hao, the candle just like to go in pairs. Drunk dancing is full of fun, and the songs fly around the beam "("After the chaos, the sky is gracious, Yelang reminisces about the past, and the book is presented to Jiang Xiawei, the satrap and the good slaughter ")," I will see you off and drink osmanthus wine, and worship the dance to clear my heart. The sun's color promotes the return of people, and even the songs are fragrant and fragrant "("Lujun Yaoci sends Wu Wuzhi to Langya ")," Fighting wine is full of four feasts, and the songs are screaming at Wanxi Mae. You bring prostitutes from Dongshan, and I chant "Poetry of the North Gate" ("Xuancheng sends Liu's deputy envoy into Qin"), "Singing and drumming Yan Zhao's son, Wei Shu playing the silk. Pink is bright and colorful, and the dance sleeves are brushed with flowers. Bring wine to beauty, please sing Handan words. Why does the Qing Zheng linger, and Lv Yun hangs down "("Watching Prostitutes in Nanting, Handan ")," Haoshi is useless, playing the strings and getting drunk. ..... Don't go back to the road when you buy wine, but the song bells are urging each other "("Jinling Phoenix Terrace buys wine ")," Poetry is advocated because of its hair, and wine is a sword and a song. To dance prostitutes in brothels, double-pampered white jade children "("Watching prostitutes on the boat at the Wei Sima Building in the Water Army Banquet ")," The name of the conference semifinals is Yu Di, and Yue Nv plays the frost silk. ..... Yang mei waved four, as good as a fiddler knows? Qi Song sends Qing Yang and dances irregularly "("Nine-Day Mountaineering ") and so on. The intertwined binge drinking and dancing and flying songs give birth to each other, and the drinker's body and mind are fully enjoyed. When the wine is hot, Li Bai releases Gu Ying's exclusive pleasure when he was drinking alone into a crazy song and drunken dance with others:" It's five nights, and Wu Biao sends Joan a cup. The wine is full of desire to dance, and four songs urge each other "("Crossing Wang's Other Industries "II)," The wind falls on Wu Jiangxue, and they all enter the wine glasses. Shan Weng is drunk now, and his dancing sleeves are open for you "("Talking about drunkenness ")," let me sing you a song!, please listen to me "("Going into wine ").
In these works, Li Bai fell into a complicated carnival state and was intoxicated. Alcohol is, of course, the most fundamental material catalyst, but the happy music played by the flute, the flute, the flute, the flute, the flute and the drum, the beautiful songs played by the prostitutes, the beautifully dressed sleeves of the songs, the gestures of the host and the guest who don't distinguish between the sword and the song, are intertwined, and the golden bottle, the fine wine and the wine are rewarded with each other, which is sensual. How can Li Bai not sing and dance without hands!
it means the happiness of the soul, but the interest in wine has not stopped.
wine has real interest
the real interest in wine refers to the relaxation of temperament. And the realization of this true interest comes from the high interest. Let's continue to talk about fun.
In the peak state of spiritual happiness described above, Li Bai not only got the pleasure of drinking wine, but also greatly expressed his true nature. He was in high spirits and arrogant: "At sunset, he was drunk, and the white horse was arrogant and arrogant. Passionate people admire, smelting travel in time "("ancient style "the eighth)," three cups of spit but promise, five mountains are light. After dizziness and ear fever, the spirit is full of neon "("Chivalry ")," After drinking, you can compete for elegance, and you can get three cups of treasure knives "("White Horse ")," A long sword and a glass of wine make a man's heart square "("For Cui Shi Yu "). When he projected his subjective interest into the natural world, everything was driven away by him: "I smashed the Yellow Crane Tower for you, and you also smashed the parrot island for me." ("Jiangxia presents Wei Nanling with ice"), "It's just that Junshan Mountain is good, paving the water in Hunan." ("After Accompanying Uncle Assistant to Tour the Dongting after Drunk") Third, when he projected his subjective interest into social reality, he was honest with his friends and confessed to the princes: "The two of them are in love with each other, one cup after another. I am so drunk that I want to go to sleep, and I intend to hold the piano in the Ming Dynasty. " ("drinking with friends in the mountains") "I used to be drunk in Chang' an, and the five princes and seven nobles shared a glass of wine. In front of the heroic spirit, will the romantic spirit fall behind others? " (
. ..... Sleeve long tube urge to light, Han Dong satrap drunk dancing. Covering me with a brocade robe, I was drunk and sleeping on my legs. " (
In the peak of this carnival, Li Bai, a "subjective" poet, broke all the barriers and shackles, like Dionysus possessed himself, and let his true nature burst out like an avalanche. Wei Hao's "Preface to Li Hanlin Collection" records that Li Bai "paid a long visit to Jingzhou, Korea, and Jingzhou delayed drinking, but worshipped in vain, and Korea let it go, saying in vain: wine is a gift. Jingzhou Dayue ". In fact, Li Bai is well aware of the meaning of "wine as a gift" in Zuo Zhuan's Twenty-two Years of Zhuang Gong, but this does not prevent Li Baijiu from thinking of joy and seeking truth after it. When Li Bai reached madness, he broke through the restraint of "courtesy" and faced everything around him with an equal and free attitude. Whether it's the green mountains and green waters, or the Nautilus Island in the Yellow Crane Tower, whether it's a secluded person in the mountains or a prince, it's possible for Li Bai to become a frank and frank poet and companion in his drunken eyes, and it's also possible for Li Bai to drive him away freely and freely. The description in Du Fu's Song of the Eight Immortals in Drinking: "Li Bai has a hundred poems in a bucket, and he sleeps in a restaurant in Chang 'an. The son of heaven called and didn't get on the boat, claiming that the minister was a fairy in wine. " I am afraid it is the most vivid footnote of this state. It can be said that Li Bai's drinking reached the highest level at this time.
Not only Li Bai, but also other poets in the Tang Dynasty expressed their true freedom when they were drunk. Wang Ji's great achievements made him get drunk by hiding, and he thought that wine could transcend the shackles of rites and music and poetry: "Rites and music imprisoned Ji Dan, while poetry bound Kong Qiu. It is better to have a high pillow and get drunk when you are drunk. " (Chu Shi's Gift) Quan Deyu lamented that there are barriers everywhere in the world, and only what is in the cup can make people free: "This world is just a cage for everything. Only what is in the cup, wake up drunk and be poor.