Waltz is a foreign music genre to our country. The English name is Waltz, so it is sometimes transliterated as "Waltz".

Dance music generally originates in rural areas. The waltz developed with the development of society in cities, especially in Vienna. Therefore, some waltzes are also called Vienna waltzes. Tracing back to its roots, the predecessor of the waltz is the Austrian folk "Landerer Dance", which is also a rural dance music. Johann Strauss Sr. is recognized as the father of the waltz. The waltz is a three-beat dance developed on the basis of the "Landler Dance". During the dance, pairs of male and female partners rotate in circles according to the rhythm of the dance music. Light and graceful, the mood is warm and cheerful. These characteristics determine the genre characteristics of waltz: faster speed, 3/4 beat or 3/8, 6/8 beat, the rhythm is often "X — X | or X. X X | or X | X — X | Start on the first or third beat. These characteristics, combined with the tones that rotate around the fulcrum sound, vividly produce the sense of rotating and circular movements. The genre characteristics of the waltz are more clearly reflected in its accompaniment patterns. The typical waltz accompaniment pattern is three even quarter notes (eighth notes in the 3/8 beat) with distinct strengths and weaknesses, one chord per measure, and the first beat is a strong beat, playing the bass of the chord. The second and third beats are weak beats, playing other chord tones in the higher register.

Before the waltz appeared, what was popular in European courts were dull dances that were steady, gentle and elegant, and matched with movements such as upper-class ladies and wives holding up their skirts and curtsying. The emergence of waltz, its passionate and emotional music has brought a new look and active atmosphere to dance music in the city. Therefore, it soon spread throughout Europe in the 1840s, replacing other dance music and becoming the most popular dance music genre for more than a hundred years; and in the creative practice, practical waltzes and music for dance accompaniment were gradually formed. Can perform two types of artistic waltzes.

Although waltz is just a musical genre derived from daily life, it can also use different forms and unique styles to express diverse contents and rich emotions. This can be proven by the waltzes written by many famous composers. In the second half of the 18th century, Vienna classical music composer Mozart wrote nearly fifty short, concise, folk-style waltzes called "German Dances". After that, Schubert wrote more than 200 waltzes for piano solo, most of which have the characteristics of sincere emotion, simplicity, distinctive folk style, concise and rigorous form, and generally use a single two-part or single-trilogy form. Later, the famous Romantic piano composer Chopin wrote fourteen concert waltzes, which made waltzes no longer attached to dance but possessed lyrical poetry and brilliant techniques. The Viennese composer Johann Strauss was a composer mainly engaged in waltz creation and was known as the "King of Waltz". He wrote 447 waltzes in his lifetime. Among the large number of waltzes he created, the most popular is "The Blue Danube". This waltz was originally a male chorus singing about the Danube River. The full name of the song is "On the Beautiful Blue Danube". Later, the author personally adapted it into a waltz for the band, and it soon spread all over the world. Subsequently, this piece of music was adapted by many composers into solo pieces and solo pieces for various instruments.

At the same time, waltzes have also become widely popular in Russia. In Glinka's "Fantasy Waltz", life dances such as waltzes were developed symphonically for the first time, especially by Chaiko. The waltz played a unique and important role in Fsky's creations. He not only wrote many famous waltzes in dance dramas such as "Swan Lake", but also incorporated the waltz into the unified concept of the symphonic suite, becoming an independent part of the symphony. movement. Based on the characteristics of Russian rhythm, he created a unique waltz in 5/4 time (such as the second movement of the Sixth Symphony), and used the waltz genre in many profound, contemplative, and lyrical themes, making the waltz an in-depth depiction of means of psychological experience.

In his "Melancholic Waltz", behind the veil of the brisk waltz, he expresses the deep anxiety about the fate of the intellectuals in the Tsarist Russian era.

After the liberation of our country, the superiority of the socialist system and the improvement of people's lives provided good soil, so that the waltz, an exotic flower, was well transplanted and cultivated. Chinese composers combined foreign genres with national tones and created many national-style waltzes, such as "Youth Waltz", "Spring Waltz", "Youth Friendship Waltz", etc. These pieces of music have distinctive waltz genres Characteristics, and the Chinese people's unique enthusiasm and implicit, joyful and calm character traits, reflecting the happiness and contentment of our people's lives.

What are the representative works of waltz:

Johann Strauss Jr. (1825-1899), the son of Johann Strauss Sr., is a famous Austrian light music composer Home. Born into a famous musical family in Vienna, Austria, in the 19th century. The same name as his father, Johann Strauss. The characters "老" and "小" here were added by later generations. In order to distinguish them, we had to add the words "老" and "小" in front of their names. The Strauss family has made great contributions to the development of waltz

Its creations include "The Blue Danube", "The Story of the Vienna Woods", "The Life of the Artist", "Sound of Spring" and so on. He is famous for his more than 120 Viennese waltzes, and was dubbed the "King of Waltz" by later generations. He once led the orchestra to visit various European countries, making the Vienna Waltz popular throughout Europe. His waltzes are unique, with hearty, melodious melody, free rhythm and full of vitality. They are the main pieces of the Vienna New Year's Concert every year. He also transformed the gentle Lendler dance, which originated from southern Germany, into a music genre with simple structure, flexible rhythm, beautiful melody and unrestrained emotions, which occupied an important position in citizens' lives.

The flute is an air-blown instrument widely used in modern orchestras, sometimes in military music, and often used for solos and ensembles. Its family includes piccolo, soprano flute, alto flute, bass flute, etc., among which B?hme's C-key standard flute is its representative. The flute is a high-pitched instrument in the woodwind section of the orchestra. It has beautiful timbre, wide range, various playing methods, rich expressiveness, and strong affinity with string, woodwind, and brass instruments. Generally, a symphony orchestra uses at least three instruments, with the third instrument also serving as piccolo, and for larger instruments, alto flute is added. As a solo instrument, the flute can be played without accompaniment, such as J.S. Bach's "Sonata in A Minor". There are also many solo pieces and concertos with piano, harp, guitar or orchestra accompaniment. In chamber music, the flute is added to the oboe, clarinet, and bassoon to form a wind quartet; the French horn is added to form a wind quintet. In addition, there are various combinations. For example, W.A. Mozart wrote three flute quartets, replacing the first violin with a flute and adding small, medium and cello. There are also many combinations of the flute family. In modern works, piccolo is added, and high, alto, and bass flutes are combined into long flute quintets, sextets, and decets.

The flute has been around for centuries, and its history can even be traced back to ancient Egypt, when it was just a clay pipe with holes in it that was blown vertically. It was originally invented and created by the Germans Luli (1633-1687) and Handel (1685-1765), and was called the German flute. By Haydn's time (1732-1809), the flute had become a regular instrument in symphony orchestras. At the beginning of the 19th century, with the key device invented by Theobald Boehm (later also used for clarinet, oboe and bassoon, etc.), the flute completed its final shape.

The flute has a soft and clear tone and a wide range: the middle and high ranges are as bright as the first ray of sunshine in the morning; the low range is as graceful as the icy moonlight; and is good at coloratura, with gorgeous and diverse playing techniques, and is often used in symphony orchestras. It serves as the main melody and is an important solo instrument.

There are many types of flutes. In addition to the common ordinary C-key flutes, there are also D-flat and E-flat flutes, G-key tenor flutes, C-key bass flutes, etc., but they are less commonly used.

Its family, the horizontal flute, was first introduced to Europe from Asia in the 12th century. It looks like a Chinese flute (a muffled flute without a membrane) and was continuously improved over about 600 years to become a modern flute. During the Middle Ages, early keyless flutes were used primarily for military music. By the mid-17th century, it had become an important musical instrument, used in operas and court orchestras. The first major improvement of the flute was completed in the late 17th century by the French woodwind instrument maker J. Ottertail and his family. The more important fundamental reform was made by T. B?hm in Munich in the early 1830s.

Structure and pronunciation principle The flute is a wooden or metal tubular body with a total length of 62 cm. The flute head is closed, the stopper is about 5 cm away from the end of the pipe, and the flute tail is open. In order to facilitate portability and tuning, it is composed of 2 or 3 sections of plug-in connection. The flute body is a cylinder with an inner diameter of 1.9 cm. From the point where it is connected to the flute body, its inner diameter tapers to 1.71 cm from the plug. With the center 1.7 cm away from the plug head, an elliptical blow hole is opened, and the blow hole cover is covered with the same elliptical hole, which is connected to the blow hole so that the cover surface and the hole wall form an acute angle. The air flow hits this edge and stimulates the edge to sound. There are a number of keyholes in the wall of the tube. Use your fingertips to control the opening and closing of the key to change the length of the tube and produce different pitches.

Solo (English) one of the instrumental music forms. One person playing an instrument is called a "solo". Such as accordion solo, piano solo, etc. Sometimes one person plays solo, accompanied by another person. Such as erhu solo, dulcimer accompaniment; violin solo, piano accompaniment, etc. There is also a solo, accompanied by a band. Such as suona solo, folk band accompaniment, etc.

The trumpet is an ancient musical instrument. It was first recorded in paintings of ancient Egyptians and Germanic tribes in the 15th century BC. This prehistoric trumpet is 56 centimeters long. It has a conical tube at one end with a diameter of about 10 centimeters and a diameter of 26 centimeters. The trumpet was simple in design and its shape remained unchanged until the mid-18th century when a key valve was added as an accessory. Throughout the history of the trumpet, it has often been used by military branches or religion. Ancient people used to describe the sound of the ancient Roman military trumpet as terrifying, terrible, hoarse and rough. At that time, only Roman, Tibetan and Jewish religious priests were allowed to play the trumpet. Bible translations mention this instrument, associating it with the voices of angels. The medieval period saw the emergence of numerous new forms of trumpet. The Saracen invasion of Spain brought many such instruments, like those used by the Christians, specifically designed to frighten their enemies. The Renaissance brought about advancements in trumpets, such as improving their status in royal courts. The instrument was used more for "musical" performance than simply for signaling.

The popularity of the trumpet can be traced back to the Baroque period, except for its decline in the early 18th century. The addition of pistons and keys in the mid-18th century gave the trumpet new life, making it frequently used in orchestral works. In 1827, the piston trumpet appeared in Germany. It was not until the end of the 18th century that the current trumpet and cornet with three pistons and capable of playing chromatic scales were gradually formed. Their development and reform were completed in Europe (the trumpet was mainly in Germany, while the cornet was developed from a French cornet de poste.)

Tradition Trumpet music conveys festival or war emotions, and was also widely used in the works of Baroque composers such as Bach and Handel. Classical composer Haydn also made special use of the trumpet in his works. His Trumpet Concerto in E flat has always been a classic among instrumental music. All in all, the trumpet has gone through many changes over the years and is clearly the most important instrument of all time. It has become one of the few instruments that has stood the test of time, and is constantly changing as new musical forms and uses demand.

The trumpet has a strong tone, bright and sharp, and is full of brilliance. It is a high-pitched instrument in the brass family. It can not only play a loud horn sound, but also a beautiful and singing tune. For melody, the trumpet uses a mute to add mystery. Therefore, the trumpet has a rich performance program in Baroque music, classical music and military music. In addition, the trumpet is also widely used in jazz.

A trumpet has three parts: mouthpiece, tube body and mechanism. The tube length is 1.355 meters. The mechanical part consists of a piston and a piston sleeve. By pressing the piston, the bypass tube is connected to extend the horn tube. Pistons are divided into two types: straight-up type and rotary type.

The trumpet is notated using the staff treble clef. Play with a fixed solfa, a fixed treble concept. In the world today, there are trumpets with multiple keys such as B flat, E, D, E flat, F, G, A, B flat an octave higher, etc. These keys are determined based on playing the treble of the first overtone series. The trumpet we usually use is in the key of B flat. If the trumpet plays the same melody with instruments in the key of C such as piano, electronic keyboard, etc., the trumpet must be raised a major second, which is the instrument playing in the key of C.

Rumba is the transliteration of English Rumba. Also known as the love dance, it is a Latin dance that originated in Cuba, so it is also called Cuban Rumba. The dance rhythm is 4/4 time. It is characterized by being more romantic, charming, sexy and passionate; the steps are graceful and loving, lingering, paying attention to body posture, the dance is soft, the steps are graceful and graceful, and the provocation is at a distance. It is a dance that expresses the love emotions of men and women.

The name rumba may come from "rumboso orquestra", which was the name of a dance team in 1807, although in Spanish, "rumbo" means channel and "rumba" means stacked Meaning, and no doubt in the Caribbean "rhum" is the name of a very popular alcoholic drink and it is possible that there is a reference to the drink when doing this dance. Some people think that the name Rumba is derived from the Spanish word - noisy drinking party.

In Cuba, rural rumba is considered a poultry pantomime, more for viewing than for public participation. When dancing, it is necessary to keep the shoulders steady, which is characteristic of the shoulders of slaves who move with heavy objects on their backs. This gait is called Cucaracha, which resembles stomping a cockroach. Turning is like walking on the shaft of a wheel. The popular rumba song la paloma became known in Cuba in 1886.

The United States introduced rumba in the 1830s, combining Guaracha, sonnet and Cuban Bolero dance with this country rumba in the form of a composite dance. Rumba became very popular in the United States in 1935 after George Raft's role as a gentle dancer won the heiress's heart in the movie "Rumba."

Represented by R. One of the Latin dance projects. The rhythm is 4/4, with 27 to 29 bars per minute. Four beats per measure. The melody is characterized by a downbeat that falls on the fourth beat of each measure. The dance steps start from beat 4 and consist of one slow step and two quick steps. Three steps on four beats, the slow step takes up two beats (beat 4 and the first beat of the next measure), and the fast step takes up one beat each (the second and third beats). Swing your hips three times. The hip movement is made by moving one foot to control the center of gravity to form an "∞" swing to both sides. It has a graceful, graceful, soft and lyrical style.

Folk dance originated from black singing and dancing in Africa, popular in Latin America, and later developed in Cuba. In Cuba, all impromptu black songs and dances are called rumba. This kind of dance is completely self-entertaining. Sometimes a man and a woman can chase each other, or it can also become a group dance for many people. The dance steps are mainly hip twisting and twirling, with shoulder shaking added. The accompaniment is mainly percussion, and the dancers also shout and sing. The rhythm is 2/4 time, which is flexible and changeable. The folk rumba atmosphere was very lively and jubilant. After the 1920s, rumba was introduced to Europe and North America, and absorbed jazz and other dance elements, becoming an important form of ballroom dance.