In the course of thousands of years of historical inheritance, our country's children's songs have been polished and processed consciously or unconsciously from generation to generation, and have formed more than a dozen special traditional art forms that are loved by children. They are still the form from which children's song writers draw nourishment and learn from.
(1) Lullaby
Lullaby is also called a lullaby or a lullaby, and is a "mother song". This is a short children's song mainly sung to infants and young children by mothers or other relatives, used for hypnosis, teaching words, and identifying objects. It is the earliest literary style that infants and young children are exposed to, and it is also the oldest form of children's literature. Indian writer Rabindranath Tagore believed: "The children's songs heard from the mother's mouth are the first literature that children learn, and they have the power to attract and divide their hearts." (Tagore's "My Childhood") It can be seen that lullabies are full of elders. The best and warmest feelings for the next generation.
Lullabies in life are either traditional children's songs that have been circulated for many years, such as the Indonesian folk song "Baby"; or they are composed by poets, such as the Russian poet Lermontov's "Lullaby"; or The singer's improvisations, such as Sichuan's "Juejue", etc. But the lullabies created generally have clear meanings and pay attention to artistic skills. For example, Mr. Chen Bochui's "Lullaby": "The wind doesn't blow, the waves don't rise; the little boat rocks gently, the little baby wants to sleep. The wind doesn't blow, the tree doesn't shake, the bird doesn't fly or sing, the little baby Go to sleep. The wind is not blowing, the clouds are not drifting, the blue sky is quiet, baby, have a good sleep." The whole children's song is divided into three sections, each section creates a quiet atmosphere, but there are changes and progressions. . The wind is getting smaller and smaller, the surroundings are getting quieter and quieter, and the child in the cradle is sleeping quietly. A warm maternal love overflowed from it.
The characteristics of lullabies are: soft and melodious tones, strong lyricism, and maternal love is always its main theme.
(2) Game songs
Game songs are children's songs that are sung along with certain game actions during games.
There are many types of game songs. There are children's songs that adults help children understand or amuse. There are also a considerable number of children's songs that children sing during play, such as "Looking for Friends", "Throw the Handkerchief", " "Clap Song", "Skipping Song", etc. are all game songs for two or more children. They can not only unify the game actions, but also enhance the entertainment of the game itself.
The forms of game songs are also extremely varied, and they account for a large proportion of children's songs. They are the most frequently spoken children's songs among children. Its characteristic lies in its obvious function of organizing games.
Since children's games are a unique way of reflecting social reality, game songs must have obvious characteristics of the times and national and regional characteristics. It will continue to become more colorful with the development of society.
(3) Counting songs
Counting songs are children's songs that skillfully train children's counting ability with image descriptions suitable for children's aesthetic psychology. It cleverly combines mathematics and literature, and is the earliest arithmetic teaching material suitable for children's cognitive level. It integrates digital teaching and knowledge education into interesting image descriptions, so that children can gradually learn to generalize and abstract.
Among the counting songs, some teach children to understand the number sequence, such as the traditional children's song "One, Two, Three": "One, two, three, climb up the mountain, four, five, six, somersault, seven, eight, nine, shoot the ball." , open both hands, ten fingers.”
Some counting songs not only cultivate children’s concept of number sequence, but also train their calculation ability and language expression ability. For example, the traditional children's song "Counting Toads": "One toad has one mouth, two eyes and four legs, and jumps into the water./Two toads have two mouths, four eyes, and eight legs, and jumps into the water..." The mouth of the toad, The number of eyes and legs increases exponentially as the number of toads increases. Therefore, it can not only train children's preliminary calculation ability, but also play a role in training children's quick thinking and accurate language expression. Some counting songs contain both counting and other aspects of knowledge. For example, Teng Yuxu's "Finger": "One finger presses the button, two fingers pick the beans, three fingers unbutton the button, four fingers carry the bag, five fingers hold together, and the fist is strong." It can not only Help children practice counting, and also allow children to understand the use of their hands. In addition to being used for knowledge education, some counting songs also incorporate certain ideological education content.
The characteristics of counting songs are: turning numbers into images and abstraction into concreteness.
(4) Question and answer songs
Question and answer songs refer to children's songs that describe things and reflect life in the form of one question and one answer or a series of questions and answers. For example, Zhu Jinjie's "What's Good": "What's good? The rooster is good, the rooster wakes up early. / What's good? The duck is good, the duck Xiaxia loves to take a bath. / What's good? The lamb is good, the lamb is thin. Eat green grass. / What's good? The little rabbit is not noisy when playing." It uses a question-and-answer format, and Li Haisong's "What kind of boat goes to the moon? What kind of boat goes to the bottom of the sea?" ? What kind of ship flies on the water? What kind of ship goes on the ice sea? / A spaceship goes to the moon, a submarine swims on the bottom of the sea, a hovercraft flies on the water, and an icebreaker goes on the ice sea." It adopts the form of multiple questions and answers.
The characteristic of the question and answer song is the question and answer.
Since you want to answer questions, you have to use your brain, so question and answer songs can enlighten children's minds, arouse children's attention to various things, and help children understand the world around them. Question and answer methods can be varied: self-questioning and answering, two people reciting to each other, or one person asking questions and multiple people answering. The questions and answers in many question and answer songs can be extended. The questioner keeps asking questions and the other party keeps answering until the question is finished or the answer cannot be answered.
(5) Chain Tune
Chain Tune is a children’s song with continuous beads. It uses the rhetorical technique of "thimble" to structure the whole song, that is, the ending words of the previous sentence are used as the beginning of the next sentence, or the preceding and following sentences are combined with the rhyme and connected sentence by sentence.
Most of these children's songs do not have a consistent center, but they have a strong sense of rhythm. For example, Jin Bo's "Wild Morning Glory": "Wild morning glory climbs tall buildings; tall buildings climb treetops; long treetops climb the east wall; the east wall is slippery and climbs the fence; the fence is thin and dare not climb; lying on the ground blowing the trumpet ; 'Tick-tick! Tick-tock! '" There are also chain tunes that have a certain meaning. For example, "Doing Exercises": "Be naughty and do exercises. If the exercises are difficult, draw a goose; when the goose flies, draw a turtle; when the turtle crawls, draw a pony; when the pony runs, draw a kitten. The kitten meows and is startled." How can you learn culture well if you are afraid of using your brain? "The children's song describes the image of a naughty child who is unwilling to learn culture, and warns children that they cannot learn culture well if they are afraid of using their brains.
There is also a combination of chain tune and question-and-answer tune in traditional children's songs, which has the characteristics of both types of forms. The preceding and following sentences change rapidly and coherently, and the homophones are connected. It is quite interesting and is good for cultivating children's thinking and language. Ability is very beneficial.
In short, children's songs such as chain tunes are unique in content and form. Its characteristics are: "joined with rhyme", easy to sing and remember.
(6) Trouble with the tongue
Trouble with the tongue is also called a tongue twister or a quick password. It combines some words whose pronunciation is easily confused into children's songs with certain meanings, and is specially used to train children's pronunciation.
Traditional tongue-wrenching commands have multiple sentence patterns, such as the common children's song "Four and Ten", which is specially used to distinguish the pronunciation of the initial consonants "s and sh", and at the same time tell children the incorrect pronunciation. What's wrong. There are also sentence-type and dual-type ones, most of which have no clear meaning and are only intended to train children's pronunciation. For example, "Hanging a knife upside down on the door" is a sentence pattern that trains children to pronounce the two syllables "dao" and "diao"; while "eating grapes does not spit out grape skins, and does not eat grapes but spits out grape skins" trains children to pronounce the two syllables "dao" and "diao". Distinguish between the two syllables "grape" and "bupu".
Most of the newly compiled tongue twisters adopt traditional forms and have certain educational content running through them. For example, Qian Deci's "Praise for Camels": "Camels carry goods, and goods are carried on camels. The uncle leads the camels, one after the other. Through the desert, he is not afraid of thirst and heat. The uncle praises the camels, they work really well." Purpose It trains children to distinguish the pronunciation of the last word of each sentence, and at the same time advises children to have the hard-working spirit of a camel when doing work.
In short, the key is to train initial consonants, finals and tones in order to avoid twists and turns and bite the tongue while also requiring fast reading. In order to read quickly and accurately, children often read repeatedly intentionally. Once they can recite smoothly, they will feel great joy and satisfaction.
(7) Upside-Down Song
Upside-down song, also known as funny song, weird song or reverse singing, refers to deliberately turning the true appearance of things upside down to make it humorous and ironic. Meaningful children's songs. It uses the absurdity on the surface to reveal the essence of things, which often contains a certain philosophy. This type of children's songs are humorous and can make children relaxed and happy, and can also train children's ability to distinguish things. For example, the Henan children's song "Little Sophora Tree": "The little Sophora japonica trees bear cherries, and the willow trees bear peppers. They play drums and trumpets, and carry carts and sedans. Mosquitoes kill donkeys, and ants trample bridges. The wood sinks, the stone floats on the water. The chicken picks up a hungry vulture, and the little mouse pulls a big civet cat. You think it’s funny or not?”
Some authors inject relevant concepts into this form of children’s songs. Knowledge becomes a short song that inspires and educates children. Zhang Jilou's "The Wrong Song" falls into this category. The upside-down song uses unconventional descriptions to express things that are difficult to express in conventional ways, and is suitable for children's curious and happy nature. Its characteristics are: telling the truth, witty content, and rich associations.
(8) Zitou song
Zitou song means that the last words of each sentence are almost the same, usually ending with "子", "头", and "儿" form of children's songs. For example, Xia Xiaohong's "Monkey Builds a Stage": "The little monkey set up a stage, put on a little skirt, led out two little lions, danced with three bells, passed through four small circles, and threw up five little hats. , stacked up six small chairs, set up seven small tables, turned eight small plates, hung up nine small flags, and made ten small fruits. Everyone praised the little monkey. "It is a song with the name "Zi". "" is the prefix song of the last word. The beauty of this prefix song is not only the successful suffix "子", but also the complete plot structure and vivid image description. What is even more commendable is that it organizes verbs, numbers and quantifiers into it, and it has rich cognition connotation.
The prefix song is distinguished from other types of children's songs with its unique sentence endings and is very popular among children.
(9) Riddle Songs
Riddle songs use allegorical techniques to grasp a certain connection between the answer and the riddle, and describe the characteristics of phenomena or things in the form of songs. For example, the riddle song whose answer is "snow": "The whole world is one family, and every household grows cotton. This year, no seeds were left for cotton planting, and it will bloom again next winter." It contains strong suspense in a condensed and symbolic form. It caters to children's strong curiosity.
The process of guessing puzzles is a process of gradually explaining the suspense. It is also a process of testing children's association, reasoning and judgment abilities. It is also a way for children to test their own agility and wisdom. After intense and coherent thinking, when children find the clever combination between the answer and the riddle, they will be particularly happy, comforted, and psychologically satisfied. This is the main reason why riddle songs are so popular among generations of children.
Under normal circumstances, the riddle songs for children to recite and guess should be in line with their cognitive ability and understanding level. The difficulty level can be slightly higher than their understanding ability, but it should not be too complicated or difficult, nor should it be as difficult as The lantern riddles for adults to guess are roundabout, otherwise children will lose confidence and interest. Whether it is a traditional riddle song or a newly created riddle song, there is usually an image connection between the answer and the riddle, which is not very complicated. For example, the new children's rhyme whose answer is "fire extinguisher": "Its body is like a cylinder, and it is red all over. It gets angry when it sees flames, foaming at the mouth and falls upside down." The connection between the answer and the riddle is very vivid.
In short, the riddle song is a kind of intellectual game with literary interest and usefulness. It can educate children; at the same time, the accurate and vivid language and interesting descriptions in the song are beneficial to children. The development of language; riddle songs can also promote the development of children's analysis, synthesis, reasoning, and judgment abilities, and promote the improvement of children's memory, imagination, and association abilities.
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