Residence

Qing Gao Ding

The grass is growing and the orioles are flying in the February sky,

The willows are brushing the dike, ⑵ drunk and ⑶ spring smoke.

Children return early from school ⑷,

busy taking advantage of the east wind to fly paper kites ⑸.

Notes

⑴ Rural residence: Living in rural areas.

⑵ Willow brushing the embankment: The willow branches are very long, hanging down and swinging slightly, as if caressing the embankment.

⑶ Zui: intoxicated, intoxicated.

⑷School break: school is over.

⑸ Paper Kite: Kite: Eagle. Paper Kite: Kite.

Explanation

The author of "Village Residence" is Gao Ding, a poet of the Qing Dynasty. This poem describes the scene of spring that the poet saw when he lived in the countryside and the scene of children flying kites after school. In early spring in February, the grass grows and orioles fly, willows blow on the embankments, and children fly kites in high spirits. There are scenes, people and things, full of the interest of life, and outline a vibrant "happy spring picture". The poet's joy and praise for the coming of spring are revealed between the lines of the whole poem.

Translation

In the second month of the lunar calendar, the grass in and around the village gradually sprouts and grows, and orioles fly here and there. The willows are covered with long green branches, swaying in the wind, as if gently stroking the embankment. The water vapor that evaporates between the water and vegetation condenses like smoke. Willow seemed to be fascinated by this rich scenery. After school, the children in the village went home very early without any delay. They hurriedly took advantage of the strong east wind to fly their kites into the blue sky.

Appreciation

"Village Residence" depicts a picture of children flying kites on the grassy grass next to the village in spring. It is a picture of rural life full of vitality and spring, which combines natural scenery and moving characters. After reading this poem, we seem to enjoy the beautiful spring scenery of the countryside with the poet, and share the joy of the children flying kites.

The first sentence writes about time and natural scenery. In early spring, in February, the grass sprouted green buds, and the oriole flew in the sky, singing happily. The long branches of the willows beside the embankment gently brushed the ground, as if they were drunkenly swaying in the spring smoke.

The second sentence describes the characters’ activities. The children came back from school early and took advantage of the east wind to fly kites. Children, east wind, paper kites, the people and things chosen by the poet add a bit of vitality and hope to the beautiful spring.

In the Year of Li Gui in the South of the Yangtze River

Du Fu

It is common in King Qi's house, and I heard it several times in front of Cui Jiutang.

It is the beautiful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, and you will see it again when the flowers are falling.

I often see you in Prince Qi’s mansion, and I also hear you singing many times at Cui Jiu’s house.

Now is the time when the scenery in the south of the Yangtze River is beautiful, and I meet you again in this late spring season.

This is probably the most concise translation

Xiaochi Yang Wanli

The spring is silent and cherishes the trickle, and the shade of the tree shines on the water and loves the clear and soft water.

The little lotus has just revealed its sharp corners, and a dragonfly has already stood on it.

Background of the author of ancient poetry

Yang Wanli (1124-1206), a poet of the Southern Song Dynasty, was born in Jishui, Jizhou (now part of Jiangxi). He is one of the writers who wrote the most poetry in ancient my country. His poems are popular, fresh, smooth and natural, and are known as "Chengzhai Style". The content of the poem is mainly about mountains, rivers and natural scenery, so his good friend once jokingly joked with him that "I am afraid of seeing you everywhere in the mountains and rivers".

Annotations and Definitions of Ancient Poems

Spring Eye: the outlet of spring water.

Cherish: Cherish.

Trickle: small flowing water.

Shui Shui: reflected in the water.

Qingrou: The soft scenery on a sunny day.

Jianjianjiao: refers to the tip of a newly born, tightly wrapped tender lotus leaf.

Modern translation of ancient poems

The quietness of the spring means that it cherishes the thin water flow, and the shadow of the trees reflecting the water surface means that it likes the gentleness of sunny days. The small tender lotus has just exposed its tightly wrapped leaf tips, and a cute dragonfly has come and stood on it.

Appreciation of famous lines from ancient poems - "The little lotus has just revealed its sharp corners, and a dragonfly has already stood on it."

This poem expresses the author's love for life. The descriptions of springs, shades of trees, lotuses, and dragonflies in the book give us a vivid picture of simplicity, nature, and the joy of life with infinite vitality: the springs silently seep trickles, as if they cherish the crystal clear water very much. spring water; green trees like to blend their shadows into the pool water in the soft atmosphere of sunny days; the tender lotus leaves have just stretched their pointed corners out of the water, and naughty dragonflies have already been standing lightly on them. The whole poem focuses on the "small", vividly and meticulously describing the vivid and dynamic new scene in the small pond in early summer, and is used to describe the newly emerging newcomers.

Appreciation of Wang Changling's "Walking in the Army"

Part 1

In the Baichi Building in the west of Fenghuo City, I sit alone in the sea breeze and autumn at dusk.

I even played the Qiang flute "Guanshan Moon" ①, and I didn't have the worries of the golden boudoir.

Appreciation

Wang Changling is an expert in composing frontier poems. His frontier fortress poems are numerous and good, and he is especially good at expressing the lives and inner world of the conquerors in many aspects, creating a unique and profound style that blends heroism and tragedy, excitement and sadness.

This group of "Army March" consists of seven poems, each describing a scene. The poem "The Hundred-foot Tower in the West of Beacon City" is about a soldier of the Tang Army who was between battles and his longing for his distant wife.

In the first two sentences, the poet deliberately creates a relaxed and tranquil atmosphere: there is no war, the garrison is sitting alone, the sun sets in the west, and the evening breeze blows gently. But this is a temporary calm unique to the border, with chills and tension lurking in the silence. In such a situation, it is very natural for soldiers to feel homesick. So he went on to write about him playing the flute, playing the tune of "Guan Shan Yue", which expresses the feeling of "hurt and parting". Through the sound of the flute, we have experienced the soldier's feelings of missing his relatives in his hometown. The last sentence is written from the opposite side: It does not directly say how much the soldier misses his wife, but he thinks that his wife is sad and sad because she misses him thousands of miles away. The couple are both worried about the long separation and hopeless waiting. Likewise helpless. This typically expresses the depressed mood of the vast number of soldiers guarding the border, and achieves a touching and sympathetic artistic effect.

Notes:

① "Controlling the Army": old Yuefu title, zodiac sign and song Ci Ping Tune. Most of them reflect the hard life of the military.

②Qiang flute: a bamboo musical instrument of the Qiang people. "Guan Shan Yue", the name of Yuefu music, is a horizontal blow music. Most of them are hurtful and farewell words.

③Wuna: helpless.

Part 2

When the pipa dances to a new sound, it is always "Guanshan" to say goodbye to the old.

The excitement is endless and the sadness is endless, high in the sky and under the autumn moon on the Great Wall.

Appreciation

To write about the homesickness of the border defenders, you can either highlight the complexity and intensity of the protagonist’s inner activities in a quiet atmosphere, as in the previous article, or you can use enthusiasm as in this article. The noisy scene contrasts the character's sad and depressing state of mind.

You see, this is a scene of all-night carnival and fun in the army. At the beginning, the bright moon of autumn shines down on the earth, and at the end, the moon has set behind the towering Great Wall. During this period, the pipa kept playing exciting melody, and one song ended and another one was changed. People danced with excitement, they wanted to let off steam.

But wait a minute, please carefully identify this ear-piercing music. It turns out that no matter how the melody changes, how wild and enthusiastic the dance is, it is always inseparable from one theme: separation and sorrow, that is, it is inseparable from a tone: generosity mixed with sadness, joy mixed with desolation, "always... It's "Old Farewell" in "Guanshan", especially the word "always", which suddenly reveals the background and essence of the military carnival, making the readers' hearts become much closer to the hearts of these soldiers, and they understand the soldiers' attempts to use There is a contradiction between singing and dancing to relieve depression, but the reality is that it is "inexhaustible to play while stirring up chaos". And this is where this poem captures the reader's heart and makes them feel shocked.

Fourth

The long clouds and dark snow-capped mountains in Qinghai ①, the lonely city looks at Yumen Pass ②.

The yellow sand will wear the golden armor in a hundred battles, and the Loulan will never be returned until it is broken③.

Appreciation

It is natural that the soldiers feel homesick, because they are also people of flesh and blood. But the fundamental value of soldiers is that they are the defenders of the security of the motherland. This is true now, and it was also true in ancient times.

Many chapters of Wang Changling's frontier fortress poems express the soldiers' unswerving and noble spirit of defending the motherland. The above song is a representative one.

The first sentence describes the geographical location and environment of the border area. The word "dark" gives people a heavy and depressing feeling. The second sentence describes the dangerous situation. They were stationed at the frontier. Looking back at the motherland, they saw only an isolated city at Yumen Pass. The third sentence describes the intensity of the battle, the language is summarized and the image is vivid. The last sentence swore an oath on behalf of the soldiers and praised their loyalty and bravery in a positive way. With the foreshadowing of the first three sentences, the weight of the soldiers' oaths becomes even more important.

It should be pointed out that this is not a realistic work. Judging from the names of the places involved, they are no less than a thousand miles apart. Qinghai Lake is in the west of present-day Xining City, Qinghai Province, and the former site of Yumen Pass is in the west of today's Dunhuang County, Gansu Province. However, there was no Loulan Kingdom in the Western Regions of the Tang Dynasty. The Loulan Kingdom of the Han Dynasty was in the southeast of Shanshan County, Xinjiang. But in order to show the bravery and patriotic enthusiasm of the border soldiers, the poet wrote them into a poem. This is not only allowed in poetry creation, but is also common. People are interested in the thoughts and sentiments expressed in poems. It would be troublesome if they had to conduct textual research with glue and drums

Note:

Qinghai: refers to Qinghai Lake, in today’s Qinghai Province.

Yumen Pass: The name of the border pass set by the Han Dynasty, located in the west of Dunhuang County, Gansu Province today.

Loulan: the name of a country in the Western Han Dynasty, located in the area of ??Waqiang County and Lop Nur in present-day Xinjiang. This place refers to the ethnic minority regime on the border in the western Tang Dynasty.

Seven poems about joining the army (Part 5)

Wang Changling

The desert is windy and dusty, the sun is dim, and the red flag is half-rolled out of the camp gate.

The former army fought in Taohebei at night and reported that Tuyuhun was captured alive.

Those who have read "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" may be deeply impressed by the fifth chapter "Guan Yunchang warms wine and kills Hua Xiong". This is a wonderful section for shaping the heroic image of Guan Yu. However, the book does not directly describe how the single-handed Guan Yu and Hua Xiong, who led an army of 50,000, fought head-on. Instead, the book uses this paragraph: (Guan Yu) came out of the tent, raised his sword, and flew on his horse. All the princes heard the loud beating of drums and loud shouts outside the pass, as if the sky was shattering and the earth was falling, and the mountains were shaking and the mountains were collapsing, and everyone was shocked. Just as he was about to inquire, at the sound of the luan bell, the horse arrived at the center of the army. Yun Chang picked up Hua Xiong's head and threw it to the ground. The wine was still warm.

This piece of literature is very concise. It describes Guan Yu's power from the atmosphere at the time and the reaction of the princes. In terms of its objective artistic effect, it is more fascinating than writing dozens of rounds of sword fighting. Luo Guanzhong's text certainly has his uniqueness, but if he avoids frontal narration and uses atmosphere rendering and side description to let people imagine the war scene, it is not his first creation. Like Wang Changling's This song "Joining the Army" should be said to have been pioneered and succeeded in the form of poetry.

“The wind and dust in the desert make the sun dim.” Since the Altai Mountains, Tianshan Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains in northwest my country all trend from west to east or southeast, a large trumpet is formed in the Hexi Corridor and eastern Qinghai, and the wind force It's so big that when the wind blows, sand and rocks fly. Therefore, "the sun is dim" follows "the desert wind and dust", which does not mean that it is getting late, but that the wind and sand cover the sky and the sun. But this not only expresses the violence of the climate, it appears as a background and naturally plays a role in setting off and hinting at the military situation. In this situation, what action did the Tang army take? It’s not about keeping the gate closed and passively defending, but taking the initiative to fight. In order to reduce the strong resistance of the wind and speed up the march, the soldiers half-rolled the red flag and moved forward. These two sentences are used in the "desert wind and dust" to exaggerate a powerful army led by the red flag. It seems that it is not nature showing off its power, but this army carrying dust and wind, like a sharp sword, pointing directly at the enemy camp. This tightens the reader's heartstrings and makes people feel that a fierce battle is imminent. What kind of thrilling scene will these athletes traveling across the desert perform? Under this kind of suspense, read the last two sentences again: "The former army fought in Taohebei at night and reported that Tuyuhun was captured alive." This can be said to be a combination of one fall and one fall. The reader's suspense follows the army just now, but the opportunity to show off their skills on the battlefield did not come to them. Just halfway, good news came that the forward troops had won a complete victory in the night battle, and even the enemy chieftain was captured alive. The plot develops quickly and is a bit unexpected, but it is completely reasonable, because the rapid and fierce momentum of the army when it goes out in the first two sentences has fully hinted at the morale and power of the Tang army. This powerful and powerful reinforcements not only showed that the forward's victory was no accident, but also showed that the Tang army had more than enough troops and was sure of victory.

Judging from the description, the poet chose follow-up troops that did not directly engage the enemy, and the "Night Battle of the Front Army" with brilliant results was only brought out from the side. This is an idea that breaks the mold. If the night battle was narrated from the front, it would inevitably appear flat and could not be completed in a short quatrain. Now we avoid the positive description of the war process and highlight it from the side, which turns the shortcomings of the quatrain into its strengths. It allows readers to imagine how hard and brilliant the forward battle was from "the desert is dusty and the sun is dim" and "the night battle in Taohebei". From "It has been reported that Tuyuhun was captured alive", we can appreciate how dramatic this expedition was. A fierce battle is not written hoarsely, but written in a brisk and jumping way, through side contrasts and touches, allowing readers to experience and reverie. All this is expressed in a short four-line poem. The difficulty in conception and language should be said to be more than that of a novel story such as "Warming Wine and Killing Hua Xiong".

Original text and appreciation of Du Mu's "Autumn Evening"

Original poem

The cold autumn light of silver candles paints the screen, and the small light fan flutters at the flowing fireflies.

The sky is as cold as water at night, and I sit and watch Altair and Vega.

Notes

Hua screen: A screen with patterns.

Qingluo: soft silk fabric.

Liuying: flying fireflies.

Tian steps: open-air stone steps.

Ox and Vega: the names of two constellations.

Appreciation

This poem describes the lonely life and desolate mood of a frustrated palace maid.

The first two sentences have already painted a picture of life in the deep palace. On an autumn night, the white candles gave off a faint light, adding a dark and cold tone to the pictures on the screen. At this time, a lonely palace maid was beating the flying fireflies with a small fan. "The light Luo fan blows at the flowing fireflies" is a very implicit sentence, which contains three meanings: First, the ancients said that rotting grass turns into fireflies. Although it is unscientific, fireflies always grow in those desolate places among the grass and graves. Nowadays, there are fireflies flying in the courtyard where the palace ladies live. One can imagine the desolation of the palace ladies' life.

Second, from the action of the palace maid fluttering at the firefly, we can imagine her loneliness and boredom. She had nothing to do but spend her lonely years flapping fireflies. She slapped Liu Ying with a small fan, one after another, as if she wanted to drive away the loneliness and loneliness that surrounded her, but what was the use? Thirdly, the small Qingluo fan held by the palace maid has symbolic meaning. The fan was originally used to blow the wind to keep cool in the summer, but is useless in the autumn. Therefore, the autumn fan is often used as a metaphor for an abandoned wife in ancient poems. According to legend, Ban Jieyu, the imperial concubine of the Han Dynasty, was scorned by Zhao Feiyan. After she fell out of favor, she lived in Changxin Palace and wrote a poem "Song of Resentment": "The newly cracked Qi Wan Su is as bright as frost and snow. It is cut into an acacia fan, and the clusters are like the bright moon." When entering and exiting your arms, the breeze blows. I am often afraid that when the autumn festival comes, the coolness will overwhelm the heat. I will leave the basket behind and the kindness will be lost." This theory may not be credible, but later on, the round fan and autumn fan often appear in poems. Associated with a woman who has fallen out of favor. For example, Wang Changling's "Chang Xin Qiu Ci": "The golden palace is opened in the Ming Dynasty, and the round fan is wandering around", and Wang Jian's "Palace Funny": "The round fan, the round fan, the beautiful woman comes to cover her face with illness", this is the case.

The "light fan" in Du Mu's poem also symbolizes the fate of the palace maid holding the fan being abandoned.

The third sentence, "The sky is as cold as water at night." "Heaven Steps" refers to the stone steps in the palace. "The night is as cold as water" implies that the night is deep and chilly, and it's time to go inside and sleep. But the palace maid was still sitting on the stone steps, looking up at Altair and Vega on both sides of the Milky Way. According to folklore, the Weaver Girl was the granddaughter of the Emperor of Heaven, who married a morning cow. She crossed the river to meet him once every year on Chinese Valentine's Day, with a magpie as a bridge. The "Far Altair" in "Nineteen Ancient Poems" of the Han Dynasty is about their story. The palace maid looked at the Morning Glory and the Weaver Girl for a long time, and she still didn't want to sleep late at night. This was because the story of the Morning Glory and the Weaver Girl touched her heart, reminded her of her unfortunate life experience, and also made her yearn for true love. It can be said that all my thoughts are in looking up at him.

Mei Shengyu said: "You must be able to describe the scene that is difficult to describe as it is now, with endless opinions behind the words, and then it will be complete." (See "Sixty-one Poetry Talks") These two sentences These words can just illustrate the artistic characteristics of this poem. One or three sentences describe the scenery, presenting the scenery of the deep palace on an autumn night very realistically before the readers' eyes. The word "cold" is used as an adjective as a verb, and it is very atmospheric. The metaphor "cool as water" not only has a sense of color, but also a sense of temperature. The second and fourth sentences describe palace maids, which are subtle and intriguing. Although there is no lyrical word in the poem, the complex emotions of the palace maid intertwined with sorrow and expectation are revealed, which reflects the tragic fate of women in the feudal era from one side.

In addition, the small Qingluo fan held by the palace maid has symbolic meaning. The fan was originally used to blow the wind to keep cool in the summer, but is useless in the autumn. Therefore, the autumn fan is often used as a metaphor for an abandoned wife in ancient poems. According to legend, Ban Jieyu, the imperial concubine of the Han Dynasty, was scorned by Zhao Feiyan. After she fell out of favor, she lived in Changxin Palace and wrote a poem "Song of Resentment": "The newly cracked Qi Wan Su is as bright as frost and snow. It is cut into an acacia fan, and the clusters are like the bright moon." When entering and exiting your arms, the breeze blows. I am often afraid that when the autumn festival comes, the coolness will overwhelm the heat. I will leave the basket behind and the kindness will be lost." This theory may not be credible, but later on, the round fan and autumn fan often appear in poems. Associated with a woman who has fallen out of favor.

[Notes]

1. Zaxing: a poem written at random without a fixed theme.

2. Farming: weeding.

3. Ji Ma: twist hemp into thread.

4. Each person is in charge: Everyone has a certain job.

5. Unsolved: Don’t understand.

6. To: engage in, participate in.

Four Seasons Pastoral Miscellany" is a set of large-scale Tian family poems written by the poet after he retired to his hometown. There are sixty poems in total, describing the scenery and scenery of the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter in the countryside. The life of farmers also reflects the exploitation suffered by farmers and the hardship of life. This is one of them, describing a scene in rural summer life.

The first sentence "I work in the fields during the day and work on hemp at night" means: I go to the fields to weed during the day and twist the hemp thread at night. "Tilting" means weeding. In early summer, the rice seedlings need to be weeded. This is what men do. "Ji Ma" means that after women finish other work during the day, they knead twine and weave it into cloth at night. This sentence directly describes the labor scene. The second sentence "Every son and daughter in the village is in charge of his own family." "Children" refers to men and women. The whole poem uses the tone of old farmers, and "children" refers to young people. "Head of the family" means that both men and women have no time to spare, and each has his or her own business. The third sentence is "Children and grandchildren are not yet available for plowing and weaving." "Children and grandchildren" refers to those children. They don't know how to farm or weave, but they are not idle either. They have been influenced by it since childhood and love to work, so they "learned to grow melons near the mulberry trees", and learned to grow melons under the lush mulberry trees. This is a common phenomenon in rural areas, but it is quite unique. The conclusion expresses the innocence of rural children.

The poet uses a fresh style of writing to give a more detailed description of the tense labor atmosphere in the countryside in early summer, which is very interesting to read.

Seen

Yuan Mei, Qing Dynasty

The shepherd boy ⑴ rides the ox,

The sound of singing rouses ⑵ Lin Yue ⑶.

Intending to ⑷ catch ⑸ chirping ⑹ cicadas,

suddenly shut up and stand.

Notes

⑴ Shepherd boy: refers to a child who herds cattle.

⑵ Vibration: Oscillation. It shows that the shepherd boy’s singing voice is loud and clear.

⑶ Lin Yue: refers to the shady tree beside the road.

⑷ Desire: Want.

⑸ Capture: catch.

⑹ Ming: cry.

Translation

The shepherd boy rides on the back of the ox, and his loud singing echoes in the forest. The cicada suddenly wanted to catch the singing in the tree, so he immediately stopped singing and stood silently under the tree.

Explanation

Yuan Mu (1719～1798), a native of Qiantang, Zhejiang (now Hangzhou City), was a poet of the Qing Dynasty. He is the author of "Collected Works of Xiaocang Shanfang" and "Suiyuan Poetry", etc. "Seen" is a picture of life that the poet accidentally saw.

Recitation guidance

Shepherd boy/riding/cattle, singing/vibrating/Lin Yue.

I wanted to catch the cicada, but suddenly I shut up and stood up.

Appreciation

On the wild forest road, a little shepherd boy rode slowly on the back of an ox. I don't know what happy things happened, but he sang all the way, singing so crisply and loudly that the whole tree was disturbed by him.

Suddenly, the singing stopped. The little shepherd boy straightened his back, closed his mouth tightly, and stared at the high treetops.

"I know, I know, I know..." On the tree, a cicada was also singing at the top of its voice, singing smugly. It was it that attracted the little shepherd boy. He really wanted to catch the cicada!

This scene was all seen by the poet and written into the poem. The poet first writes about the little shepherd boy's movements, how casual and unbridled he is when he sits on the back of a cow and sings loudly; then he writes about the little shepherd boy's movements, how focused he is on the expression of holding his breath and looking at the singing cicadas! This change from movement to stillness is both sudden and natural, vividly portraying the innocent and meddlesome image of the little shepherd boy. As for what happened next, how the little shepherd boy caught the cicada and whether he caught it or not, the poet did not write about it, leaving it to the reader's imagination.

I’m exhausted, please give me more points.