The Bai people are a good singer and dancer, and all aspects of their lives can be expressed by singing and dancing. For example, in the minor tune of Big Ben, there are the tune of herding sheep, going to the grave, forcing emotional appeal, paying homage, asking the soul and homesickness; Among the folk dances, there are tea things, water-carrying dance, drunken dance, wine ceremony dance, end-plate toast dance and water-offering dance. When it comes to Bai people's songs and dances, we should talk about Sima Xiangru, a lyricist in the Western Han Dynasty. In Shanglin Fu, he listed some famous music and dance dances popular in the Western Han Dynasty, among which "Wen Cheng Dian Ge" was included. In the Tang Dynasty, Sima Zhen annotated "Wen Cheng Dian Ge" in Historical Records: "Wen Cheng, the name of Liaoxi County, is a good singer. Diandian, Yizhou Dianxian, whose people are good at making southwest songs. " "Dian" means "Dian". Southwest Yi is a general term for southwest ethnic minorities in Han Dynasty. Sima Xiangru, who was well versed in melody, once sent an envoy to southwest China under the orders of Emperor Wu. The ballad he narrated was not only a song, but an art form that included song, dance and music. This can be proved by the bronze musical instruments, music and dance figurines and bronze decorative music and dance shapes excavated in Shizhai Mountain in Jinning and Lijiashan in Jiangchuan, the hometown of Diandian County on the shore of Dianchi Lake. It was produced in the Western Han Dynasty at the latest. Sima Xiangru guessed that there was "singing" in the Diange he saw. At that time, the Bai people had no characters, and the songs could only be passed down from generation to generation by oral language, and they were added and deleted by oral processing. The ancestors of the Bai nationality played songs to entertain themselves, to eliminate the cold, loneliness and fatigue at night, and to obtain spiritual happiness; The second is to entertain the gods, that is, to worship ghosts and gods to pray for happiness and obtain spiritual comfort; The third is to pass on the past and educate future generations not to forget their ancestors in order to gain spiritual support. Bai people have a common saying that "old people don't pass on the past, but little people lose their music". Like the long narrative song "Creation" handed down, the narrative place is the process of Pangu Pan's creation of everything. The song of herding sheep describes the nomadic life of ancient Yunnan people, and proudly sings: "Dali is a good place, and the sheep are fat and fat." Dali is a good place, and the wool is three feet six. "
Bai folk songs spread to later times, and with the expansion of the influence of Han culture, they naturally accepted Han folk tales and historical stories, and many chapters with dramatic plots appeared, such as Reading Songs (The Story of Liang Zhu), Zhuge Liang, The Struggle between Chu and Han, The Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea and so on. These songs are only used to express the spirit of the Bai nationality through the historical stories of Han folklore, so they have distinctive Bai nationality characteristics. For example, I rapped Liang Zhu's "Reading Song", changed Liu Yin's vows to Panasonic's vows, and visited Diancang Mountain after the vows. In "Creation", a brother and sister get married. "Who will be the host? Please ask the pine tree to be the host. " Therefore, from the ancient customs, Bai people have the custom of planting a pair of pine trees in front of the painted door and the heaven and earth hall when they get married. Liang Zhu of Han nationality didn't write about Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai's labor, but Liang Zhu in Reading Song built his own thatched cottage, made tables and stools, carried water and cooked by himself, and changed the plot of "eighteen gifts" into a test of playing chess and pipa. At the end, Yingtai added a golden hoe to dig out two sticks from the grave. The two sticks were thrown into the river and turned into two goldfish. The two goldfish were netted and buried by the river and turned into two willows. Then use the golden axe to cut the willow tree, and the cut wood chips become pairs of butterflies. Finally, Liang Zhu became a pair of mandarin ducks, and Ma Wencai became a single mandarin duck. The plot of the story is enhanced, which makes it have the foundation of becoming attached to the opera. There are also songs and dances around the three spirits that are attached to the opera. "Around the Three Spirits" is called "Sana" in white, which is a song and dance event with a certain shrine legacy held by the Bai people in Dali from April 23 to 25 of the lunar calendar. The person who dresses up as an old man in the Three Rings holds a bamboo stick with a small gourd hanging askew, which is probably the evolution of the sacred tree, that is, the social tree (mulberry tree). The gourd is a worship thing closely related to reproduction, and its source is the same as the "gathering social drinks" of the Han people who worshipped the life "social club" in ancient times, that is, the free intercourse ceremony of meeting men and women and carnival songs and dances in the flourishing season of life (Spring Club). Bai people have many legends about the evolution of mass song and dance ceremonies around Sanling. For example, in ancient times, there was a drought in Dali, and by the time of planting seedlings, it would not rain and the seedlings could not be planted. Later, the people gathered in Xizhou Jiutang Shenben main temple to set up a rain-praying platform to pray for rain, and it really rained on April 25th. Since then, the people have believed in our Lord very much, and they go to our main temple to worship for rain on April 25th every year. There is also a legend that the three spirits are mourning for a dead emperor who loves the people. Obviously, with the development of the white society, the owner has replaced the owner. Zhang Wenxun's History of Bai Literature records this legend, saying that an ancient Bai emperor who loved the people died. "Because he was benevolent when he was alive, the people loved him. After his death, the people mourned for him, holding a pestle and a willow in their hands, and hanging a white cloth and a clean water bowl on the willow to express their condolences to the emperor who loved the people. This form is once a year. In the future, the mourning stick in people's hands became the overlord whip, the water purification bowl became the money drum, and the willow branches were hung with red cloth instead of white cloth. "
In the Qing Dynasty, Huan Sanling absorbed a lot of Bai folk songs and dances. For example, Digging Water Tune, Going Out Tune and Ancient Scenery of Dali dance with the whip of overlord and money encouragement, and play gongs, drums, flutes and suona.
In the poems of Bai literati in the Qing Dynasty, it is described as follows: "Money drums are the king's whip, and both hands scrutinize the rotation of the arm, which is the most beautiful song of the sister-in-law, and the voice sings into the sentient world." (The Bai poet Duan in Xianfeng period "Zhuzhi Ci around Sanling".
"Song sings the folk songs casually", and the three spirits are sung while walking, and the lyrics are improvised, which is basically the form of Bai people's tune lyrics of "7775", which is in the same strain as the lyrics of Daban Qushan Flower Style Poetry. Any national opera is inseparable from the cultural nourishment of its own nation, and at the same time it is inseparable from the influence of other national cultures. Bai's Daben and Chuichui Qiang were developed on the basis of Bai's folk songs, dances and rap.
Big Ben is composed of hundreds of "Bai tunes", usually accompanied by Sanxian and suona. In the process of development, it gradually formed a comprehensive opera art of rap, song and dance. When did Big Ben come into being? Some said it originated from the Tang Dynasty, while others said it originated from the Ming Dynasty. If only from the lyrics "7775" mountain flower style format, it is not very convincing to infer that Daben originated in the Tang Dynasty. Because the comprehensive art of the Bai nationality with the embryonic form of opera is bound to be influenced by the local operas of the Han nationality, and the rise of the local operas of the Han nationality is in the Qianlong period of Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty, so the rise and spread of Big Ben can only be after this.
The early Big Ben song
was sung by a person holding three strings and singing in the Bai tune, which developed to the later 18th tune. Eighteen tunes are minor tunes in singing, including [crab tune], [old sparrow tune], [new sparrow tune], [flower spectrum tune], [family tree tune], [pipa tune], [flower son tune], [herding sheep tune], [going to grave tune], [Taoist mood], [memorial tune] and [yin and yang tune].
Wang Fuyun
is a Bai drama created by Yang Ming, a Bai playwright, based on Bai folklore. In mid-November, 198, it was brought to Beijing by the Bai Troupe of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture to give a report performance, and it was given 11 performances in the National Cultural Palace. In the play, Princess Afeng is played by Ye Xintao, and the hunter Aaron is played by Yang Yongzhong. The singing of the play is a good combination of Bai nationality's big Ben and blowing and blowing, which not only shows euphemistic and delicate, but also shows intense and lively thoughts and feelings. According to the development of the plot and the needs of the characters' performance, there are also dance scenes with Bai customs, such as "circling the forest", "overlord whip", "giving wings to the gods" and "fairy scattering flowers". Received favorable comments from the audience in the capital.
The story "Wang Fuyun" also came into being in Nanzhao era. It is said that A Feng, a princess of Nanzhao king, was very beautiful, and she later fell in love with a handsome and brave hunter, A Long. In order to pursue a free and happy love life, she escaped from the palace with the hunter and came to Nanju Peak on the top of Cangshan Mountain to live happily. King Nanzhao learned that the princess had fled, and asked Master Luo Quan to drive the hunter into Erhai Lake and turn him into a stone mule. Princess Nanzhao finally died in grief and indignation because she hoped and missed her lover. After her death, she turned into a white cloud. Every August and September, when white clouds appeared, there was a strong wind, and it was not calm until the Erhai Lake was blown open and the stone mules were seen. Bai people sympathize with the princess and call this beautiful white cloud "Wangfu Cloud".
The large-scale modern white drama "Love Warns Cangshan"
The modern white drama "Love Warns Cangshan" is based on the rural life of the Bai nationality, and unfolds the plot with the contradictions and entanglements between the township head Tian Xiulan and her husband Manager Zhao, her brother Tian Jinsheng, and Liu Erbao and others in the countryside. It describes the story that Liu Erbao's family is simple and kind, and Axiu's township head struggles out of the mire of family affairs, revealing the truth and reflection. It has created an image of a township head who exchanges feelings for feelings and is an open and honest official, showing the characters, customs and people's feelings in modern Bai rural areas.
In the "Exhibition of Yunnan New Drama (Festival) in 2 to Meet the New Century", the drama won unanimous praise from the audience, experts and leaders, and was undisputed at the top of the award-winning drama (Festival) in this exhibition. Drama critics believe that the success of the play lies not in catching up with the fashionable "new", but in the honest "truth", which is the life of art. As far as the selection of materials is concerned, there is nothing new in "Love Warm Cangshan", which is just an event like fake pesticides and seeds that are common in rural areas, and there is nothing particularly surprising about the story. The whole play revolves around farmer Liu Erbao's wedding banquet for burning crops with fake pesticides, and Tian Xiulan investigates the source of fake pesticides. The playwright's skill lies in concentrating, refining and summarizing such an ordinary event, making it typical, and not deviating from the basic principles of traditional realism. The setting of drama plot, the composition of characters' relationship, the unfolding of plot, the development of characters' personality, the promotion of drama contradictions and conflicts, and the use of suspense, expectation, sudden turn and other techniques in the play are all natural and smooth, without any artificial feeling, which conforms to the logic of life and the emotional logic of characters in the specified situation, so that the truth of life and the truth of art can be better unified, and the audience can feel authentic and willing to accept it. Truth is the life of art, while true feelings are the fountain of life of art. The success of Love Warns Cangshan lies in that it writes true feelings and touches people with them. In the play, a series of dramatic conflicts are launched around tracing the source of fake pesticides, all of which are carried out around a word "love". Affection, nostalgia, the flesh and blood of the party and the people are the core of the play. Tian Xiulan, the township head, scored twice, and she was deeply attached to her new husband, Manager Zhao, and lived alone with her younger brother Tian Jinsheng, who was brought up by her own hands. Unexpectedly, it was her younger brother who sold fake pesticides and pulled out her new husband, and the fake pesticides were bought by her own hands from her husband's company for Liu Erbao. The misunderstanding caused by this double coincidence is that More seriously, as a township head, the fake pesticide incident not only affected her family reputation and her prestige among the masses, but also directly affected the image of the party and the flesh and blood of the party and the masses. Tian Xiulan is not a saint. She needs affection and family. She can't bear to see her fellow villagers suffer losses, and she can't bear to see that Liu Erbao, who has already suffered from pesticide poisoning, has suffered injustice. Instead, she has to apologize. The huge impact of various emotions has made her trapped in an extremely complicated and difficult emotional network, making it even more difficult to make a decisive choice. The most difficult thing for people to cut off is emotion, and the most difficult thing to suffer is emotion, and the most difficult thing to choose is emotion. The script puts Tian Xiulan in the dilemma of this difficult choice of true feelings, and launches an inner emotional struggle between family, nostalgia and the flesh and blood of the party and the masses. In this struggle, the richness, authenticity, nobility and personality charm of the characters' inner feelings are presented to the audience, which makes people feel amiable, lovely and respectable, so that they are both emotional and rational.
Axiu Xiangchang
This drama won five awards for excellent repertoire, script creation, performance, beautiful design and music creation in the new drama (festival) exhibition in 2, and won six awards for repertoire, performance and music in the 7th China Drama Festival in 21. Later, it was renamed as "Axiu Xiangchang" and made into a drama and TV series, which was broadcast nationwide.
The play was written by Wei Shusheng; Director: Li Peng; Music design: Wang Maolin, Zhang Liangshan; Dance design: Zhang Shoupei, Jiang Guo, Yang Guangbing, Yang Yueming; Main actors: Ye Xintao, Yang Yikun, Ma Yongkang, Zhao Wensheng, Dong Hanxian, Peng Qiang, Zhao Xianzhi, Yang Liuzhong, etc.
Bai Opera-Dali Bai Dance, also known as "Bai Opera". Formerly known as Chui Chui Qiang, or Chui Qiang for short, Dali White Opera is a new kind of drama developed by absorbing the tune of Dali Bai nationality's big Ben song, some music and dances of Dali Bai nationality and Yunnan Yunnan opera music since 1958. Blow-and-blow tune, originally popular in Dali Bai area, has a complete range of professions, such as life, Dan, clean, end and ugliness, has a certain performance program, and there are more than 3 kinds of vocals, most of which are named according to their professions and plots. Bai Bai's white drama music is supported by suona interlude, singing and dancing during the performance. Dress and facial makeup are basically the same as China's classical dramas. The scripts of Bai Bai drama in Dali include Dou Yi Xia Ke, Liu Yin Ji, Biography of Python, Burning Song Ming Tower, Blood Sweater, Du Chao Xuan, Zhao Long Watching Lights and so on. The lyrics of Dali Bai Bai drama are "mountain flower style", and the dialogue is Dali Bai language mixed with Chinese, but the Chinese characters should be read in vain. Before 1949, there was no professional opera band (class) for the Bai nationality in Dali, but a self-entertainment folk organization of the Bai nationality in Dali. In 1 959, the Opera Troupe of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture was formally established. In 1962, it was changed to the White Opera Troupe of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture. In the aspect of singing, it is mainly composed of big Ben, which absorbs and blows. When singing, it is accompanied by sanxian and suona, and percussion music is used to control the rhythm. Dali Bai Bai drama has performed many large-scale plays, such as Blood Sweater, Wang Fuyun, Red Sanxian, Cangshan Huimeng, Lady Bai Jie, Peacock Gallbladder, Princess Agai, to explore the development of Dali Bai drama. Nowadays, Bai Opera has become an important drama of China ethnic minorities. Based on the story of Zhong Gong in Nanzhao history, it is the same story as Guo Moruo's famous drama Peacock Gallbladder. At the end of Yuan Dynasty, Liang Wang, the ruler of Yuan Dynasty in Yunnan, betrothed his daughter Agai to Duan Gong in order to win over Duan Gong, the general manager of Dali, so as to stabilize the rule of Yuan Dynasty in Yunnan. Duan Gong won the hearts of the people with his outstanding wisdom and approachable character. In the meantime, Liang Wang was afraid that Duan Gong's "high merit" would threaten his rule because he listened to the false rumors of the traitor, so he ordered his daughter (wife of Duan Gong) Agai to kill Duan Gong with poisoned wine brewed with peacock gall. Princess Agai, a kind and beautiful grassland, didn't give in to power and disobeyed her father's orders, but advised Duan Gong to flee back to Dali to avoid disaster. However, Duan Gong of honest and frank firmly believed that the innocent would be able to clear themselves, and the foolish belief of "walking away will be reviled through the ages" wanted to "distinguish right from wrong" with Liang Wang. Treacherous court official Shila set an ambush, and Duan Gong was finally killed by Liang Wang. Because of her husband's murder, Agai drank the poisoned wine that his father Liang Wang had tried to poison Duan Gong to die a martyr.
The white drama Princess Agai consists of five scenes: giving, boasting, persuading, supporting and martyrdom. The six words before the word "husband" form the thread of the whole drama.