In the last section, the school of music in the Netherlands during the Renaissance was described. There were three generations of composers, and the composition genre involved religious music and secular music. Next, I will talk about the development of music in other places.
As for the development of music, I think more points form lines and lines form surfaces. As far as the west is concerned, this is a plane composed of countless countries. Because of its different regions, beliefs, languages and cultures, music also has its own development. Looking at the world from a distance, it seems to be a big direction, guiding the progress of music. This is the law of history or the law that does not change with people's will. What should happen is bound to happen.
In this way, in Italy, where music flourished and the Renaissance was the main development place, two schools of music began to develop, grow and grow.
first, religious music
first of all, let's talk about the Italian music genre under religious music. During this period, although the Renaissance made people begin to pursue secularism and individuality, religious music still dominated. Here, there is an interesting story, but it seems to be doomed by history.
(1) Roman music school
What is Roman music school? First of all, as the name implies, we can know that this is a music school that came into being in Rome, so it has this title. Secondly, I want to talk about Roman music school.
in the 16th century, in order to meet people's needs and satisfaction, religious music became increasingly secular. Such a situation, as the ruling class of Catholicism is naturally unwilling to see, they think that too gorgeous and complicated sound destroyed people's devout faith. Therefore, at the religious conference in 1562, the wrong decision was made to abolish all secular music and polyphonic music, and only the Gregorian chant with monosyllabic style was kept as worship music.
? It is hard to imagine that if the world of music has only a single melody, no accompaniment, no texture, no sound type, no motivation, no harmony … what a terrible thing!
But, fortunately, this tragedy didn't happen. We can still hear the beautiful melodies of Renaissance, Baroque, Classicism and Romance. This is lucky and inevitable. Because people are evolving, social changes, scientific and technological progress, and changes in attitudes all affect the development and changes of music.
There are a group of people who saved this tragedy. This is a group of composers who are engaged in the creation of vocal polyphony, centering on St. Peter's Church in Rome, creating polyphony influenced by the Flemish school, but at the same time with a serene character!
Roman music school was born in this way!
The most representative figure: Palestrina
What kind of figure is this?
Palestrina, a genius of religious music, developed polyphonic music to its peak, the last master of Catholic polyphonic music in a pure sense, and the most perfect polyphonic musician in the Renaissance.
Why is it the most perfect polyphonic musician? Because Palestrina created works suitable for the church in the form of polyphonic music under the background of "anti-religious reform" and "abolition of polyphonic music", thus saving polyphonic music!
The Mass of Pope Marcellus is a classic in Roman Catholic ritual music.
Maybe you will wonder why his polyphonic music will save the "world". It depends on the inside of his works!
Catholicism believes that because of polyphonic music, the complicated and gorgeous sound destroys the solemn belief. And Palestrina changed that! First of all, jumping and semitone are rarely used in his music works, which gets rid of the problems that Nederland composers pay more attention to the polyphonic thinking of horizontal music and the prominent melody in the high part of harmony! Without these factors, music will become calm, harmonious, clear and solemn!
Secondly, Palestrina created music with clear parts and lyrics not covered by complicated parts. Generally, syllable-by-syllable processing is adopted.
look, what a witty musician! There seems to be a trace of the wisdom of "the golden mean" in ancient China. Therefore, history is accidental but inevitable!
(II) Venetian Music School
In the second half of the 15th century, the "Venetian Music School" headed by Viyralt, a Nederland musician, was founded, with St. Kyle Cathedral as the center, creating double chorus polyphony music.
The representatives are:
1. Viyralt, who pioneered the form of compound singing and founded the Venetian school of music.
2. G. Gabbrielli, the pioneer of baroque style, promoted the independent development of instrumental music genre and was called "the father of modern orchestration". He used a lot of instrumental music combinations and experimented with various instrumental music combinations to strengthen the tone contrast between instrumental music and chorus.
that's all for sharing today. The following is about the historical background of the Renaissance, so you can understand why such music came into being! Music can't be separated from life, from life, from … life.