He was an Austrian composer and was born in a teacher's family outside Vienna. He studied violin and piano with his father and brother since childhood. When he was a teenager, he showed his special talent in music creation. Schubert spent his life in poverty, and the hard life made him die prematurely. However, Schubert left a large number of immortal masterpieces for mankind, and was called "the king of songs". He is a representative figure of early romantic music and is also considered as the last master of classical music. In his short life of 31 years, Schubert wrote more than 6 songs, 18 operas, oratorios and opera music, 1 symphonies, 19 string quartets, 22 piano sonatas, 4 violin sonatas and many other works, and was called "the king of songs". Schubert has created more than 1, works in his short life of 31 years, including more than 6 songs, 18 operas, singing operas and accompanying music, 1 symphonies, 19 string quartets, 22 piano sonatas, 4 violin sonatas and many other works. He wrote a lot of songs for the works of many poets, such as Johann Wolfgang Goethe, Friedrich Schiller, heinrich heine, Wilhelm Mill and so on, and closely combined music with poetry. His songs include lyric songs, narrative songs, patriotic songs full of fighting, and songs originated from folk music, among which the most important ones are Magic King, Trout, Bodhi Tree, Beautiful Mill Girl, Wild Rose, Stray Dogs (2 songs), Prometheus, To Music, and Obsessed Mother. It was called "the king of songs" by later generations. Among Schubert's symphonies, the fourth, fifth, eighth and ninth symphonies are more important. The eighth symphony is a romantic lyric symphony, which is called "Unfinished Symphony" because it has only written two movements.
Schubert (1 symphonies), and the ninth symphony is magnificent and full of heroic spirit, which is called "Great Symphony". His other works include the string quartet Death and Girl in D minor, the piano quintet Trout, the string quintet in C major, the piano music Fantasia for a Wanderer, The Moment of Music, the impromptu in E flat major, the sonata in A major and the accompanying music rosamond. Schubert is famous for his lyrical melody, which is always natural and natural. When Schubert was alive, the public's understanding and appreciation of him was only average, but before his death, one hundred works had been published. He served as a teacher in his father's school in his early years. Since his resignation, he has never had a fixed job and often relies on friends for help. Schubert died and was buried next to Beethoven's tomb, which he had always admired but only met several times. There is a persistent pursuit in music, and all the works handed down are intoxicating. Schubert's musical talent has attracted worldwide attention, and many works are also controversial.
Stendhal
Stendhal's real name is Henry Bell. Born in Grenoble, France on January 23rd, 1783. Stendhal's childhood was spent in the storm of the French Revolution. From 1796 to 1799, he attended the central school in Grenoble, which was a new school established in accordance with the revolutionary ideological trend and educational thought of the bourgeoisie during the French Revolution. Stendhal systematically studied new ideas and knowledge, and became interested in French literature and materialist philosophy. He studied mathematics with his teacher Gro very attentively. He loves the indisputable accuracy of mathematics and the authenticity of his argument; This love for accuracy and authenticity later became a basic principle of his realistic creation method. In 1799, he came to Paris. Originally, he planned to enter the famous comprehensive technical school, but he was encouraged by the revolutionary situation and joined the army led by Napoleon. In 18, he arrived in Milan, Italy with the army led by Napoleon. Milan people have been ruled by Austria for a long time and regard Napoleon's army as their savior. Their enthusiasm for the French revolution and their excellent cultural traditions have a deep influence on Stendhal. After that, he lived and wrote in Milan for a long time, and claimed to be a Milanese. From 186 to 1814, Stendhal went to Europe with Napoleon's army. During the great retreat from Moscow in 1812, he served as a logistics officer. Long-term struggle practice has strengthened his view of * * * and faction, and even more abhorred the decadent feudal aristocracy and the dark rule of the church. Therefore, it is not surprising that when he took off his military uniform and devoted himself to literary creation, his critical pen always pointed to the nobility and the church. Napoleon stepped down in 1814 and the Bourbon dynasty was restored. Bourgeois revolutionaries were suppressed, while feudal princes and nobles celebrated each other. In this situation, Stendhal felt that he could get nothing but humiliation, so he left his motherland and lived in Milan, Italy. Here, he has great sympathy for the patriots in Italy and keeps close contacts with the Charcoal Party members who are striving for national liberation. His actions attracted the attention of the Austrian military and police who ruled Italy. When the Italian Revolution failed in 1821 and many patriots were imprisoned, he was also deported by the police authorities as a sympathizer of the Stendhal Monument of the Charcoal Burning Party. It was not until 1834 that he was appointed as the French consul in the city of civitavecchia under the jurisdiction of the Pope that he returned to Italy again. Stendhal began to publish his works in 1817. The first work was done in Italy, and it was called "History of Italian Painting". Soon after, he published his travels "Rome, Naples and Florence" under the pseudonym of Stendhal for the first time. From 1823 to 1825, he successively published articles that were later collected in the collection of literary theories Racine and Shakespeare. After that, he turned to novel creation. Harmance was published in 1827, Promenades dans Rome was written in 1828-1829, and the famous short story Vanina vanini was published in 1829. His masterpiece "Red and Black" was written in 1827 and released in 1829 (the book is about to be published, which coincides with the July Incident, and the Chinese people have no time to look after it, and the development of its form is not conducive to the publication of books and newspapers. However, the release of this book was unquestionable in 1827. From 1832 to 1842, it was the most difficult period in Stendhal, with financial difficulties, diseases and bad environment. But it is also his most important creative period. He wrote the novel Lv Xian Louwan (also known as Red and White), the Abbey of Bama, the long autobiography The Biography of Henry Braula, and more than a dozen short stories. When Stendhal died on March 23rd, 1842, he still had several unfinished manuscripts. There is a passage written on Stendhal's epitaph: lived, loved and wrote.
Cao Xueqin (1715-1763) was a novelist in Qing dynasty. Manchu. The name Zhan, the word Meng Ruan, Xueqin is its name, and it is also called Qinpu and Qinxi. My ancestral home is Liaoyang. The author of China's famous novel A Dream of Red Mansions. Cao Xueqin's great-grandfather Cao Xi was a weaver in Jiangning; Great-grandmother Sun Shi was the nanny of Emperor Kangxi Xuanye; Grandfather Cao Yin was the bandu of Emperor Kangxi and the bodyguard of the command. Later, he was appointed as Jiangning Weaving and concurrently served as the salt patrol and supervision platform of Huaibei, which was very popular with Kangxi. Kangxi visited the south of the Yangtze River six times, four of which were picked up by Cao Yin, and he lived in Cao Jia. Cao Yin died, and his sons Cao Qing and Cao Fu successively succeeded Jiangning Weaving. Their three generations and four grandchildren have held this position for 6 years. Cao Xueqin grew up in the "prosperous" life of this "romantic place near Qinhuai" since childhood. In the early years of Yongzheng, the Cao family suffered a series of blows because of the political struggle within the feudal ruling class. Cao Fu was dismissed on charges of "misconduct", "harassing the post" and "deficit", and his property was confiscated. Cao Fu was imprisoned and punished, and the "Cangue" lasted for more than a year. At this time, Cao Xueqin moved back to Beijing with his family. Since then, the Cao family has been devastated and declining. After a major turning point in his life, Cao Xueqin felt the world was cold and had a clearer and deeper understanding of feudal society. He despised the powerful, stayed away from the officialdom and lived a hard life of poverty. In his later years, Cao Xueqin moved to the western suburbs of Beijing. Life is even poorer, "full of wormwood" and "family porridge". With perseverance, he devoted himself to the writing and revision of A Dream of Red Mansions. In 1762 (twenty-seven years of Qianlong), his youngest son died prematurely, and he was caught in excessive sadness and grief and was bedridden. On New Year's Eve (February 12, 1763), he finally died of poverty and illness. And the book A Dream of Red Mansions has not been completed. There are two versions about the year of Cao Xueqin's death, 1764 (the 29th year of Qianlong).