Guangdong Chinese music is one of the three major types of music in Guangdong province. It is mainly popular in counties in eastern Guangdong and places where Hakka people live in western Fujian, southern Jiangxi and overseas. Dapu county, located in the east of Guangdong, is also a county where Chinese music is particularly prosperous.
According to the records in Tai Po County Records in the thirty-sixth year of Ming Jiajing (A.D. 1557), there have been activities of music, eight tones and silk strings in Chinese military classes in Tai Po, and ancient music scores with the characters of "Zhong and Lu" have appeared. "Records" said: "Pu's poems in the tide are better than Zou Lu's", "Pu's customs, family's poems". During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, dapu county was under the jurisdiction of Chaozhou Prefecture, so it was said that "Pu was in the tide". Since then, the six county chronicles have also described the custom of Pu: "reciting the family string" or "comparing the house string book". In the Qing Dynasty, Luo Shuyu, a native of Fenglang, Tai Po, Yang Youlie, a native of Baihou, Zhang Zhennan, a native of Huliao, and other scholars and juren were all good at playing the piano and flute. Zhang Zhennan's family knew about it for more than ten times, and it was a much-told story for a while. Rao Jungu, a scholar of Chayang, was good at playing Sanxian and Pipa in the year of Renwu in Guangxu of Qing Dynasty (1882), and even copied the music title "Recreation Collection", which has included 182 pieces of Chinese music for more than 11 years. During the Republic of China, Chinese music was extremely popular in Tai Po. There are string houses in almost every corner of the countryside, such as Tongyi National Music Club, Tongyi National Music Club, Baoding National Music Club and Ru Le Xuan, etc. Li Lantian, a famous artist of Shuangxi Chinese Military Class in Tai Po, once said, "My ancestors took blowing and singing as their profession, and there are about six or seven generations in my generation."
It is reported that there were nearly 1 "flute halls" in Tai Po at that time (Pu people called suona flute), which shows its prosperity. The flourishing Han music activities in the Republic of China have brought up a large number of artists and musicians with high artistic achievements, such as how to educate Zhai, Rao Tuosheng, Qian Rechu, Rao Congju, Luo Jiuxiang, Rao Bichu, Li Lantian and Li Zhitian. They are not only active in dapu county, but also spread Chinese music to Singapore, Malaysia, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shantou and other places. The National Music Department of Singapore Hakka Association hired Tai Po musicians as guidance; He Yuzhai and Rao Tuosheng organized the "Chaomei Music Club" in Guangzhou in the spring of 199. In the 21st year of the Republic of China, He Yuzhai went to Shanghai to establish the "Yixiang Society", and in two or three years, he created a group of Chinese music talents. In Shantou, Qian Rechu, a native of Tai Po, founded the Public Welfare Musical Drama Monthly, which promoted the recreational activities of Shantou Public Welfare Society with Rao Shushu, Rao Tuosheng, Rao Congju and Rao Bichu. At that time, many Chinese music records with dense patterns were of high level and have been treasured so far.
after the founding of new China, under the guidance of the party's policy of "letting a hundred flowers blossom", Chinese music activities in dapu county flourished, and clubs mainly playing Chinese music were established in various places. The larger organizations are: dapu county Zhongjun Class Artists Union and dapu county Folk Music Research Association. The arrangement and publication of music scores include 1, 2 and 3 episodes of Tai Po Folk Music; Han Qu Ji, Suona Qupai, Gong Gu Jing, etc. During that period, a group of Chinese music masters from Pu nationality, such as Rao Shushu, Rao Congju, Luo Jiuxiang, Yu Dunchang, Luo Lian and Li Deli, went to Xi 'an, Beijing, Guangzhou and Meizhou to perform and record films. Ten years of turmoil in the "Cultural Revolution" forced Chinese music activities to stop. After the reform and opening up, Chinese music activities in Tai Po have revived.
In November, 1989, dapu county Guangdong Chinese Music Research Association was established, and Chinese music performance groups from all over the country resumed their activities. Edited and published "3 pieces of Guangdong Han music" and "3 new pieces of Guangdong Han music"; The "Chinese Research Association" published the academic journal "Chinese Music Research"; Since 199s, it has received many visits from music scholars from Britain, the United States and the Philippines, organized groups to perform in Singapore, Hong Kong and other countries and regions, and received many audio and video recordings from china national radio, CCTV and Taiwan TV.
In order to promote the popularization and improvement of mass Chinese music activities, the county has held many Chinese music performances, special evenings and large-scale concerts. Summer youth Chinese music training classes have also been held. In 2 4, dapu county was named as "the hometown of ethnic folk art in Guangdong Province" by the Guangdong Provincial Department of Culture because of the wide spread and popularization of Guangdong Han music.
In the thirty-sixth year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1557), the column of sacrificial rites and music was set up in Tai Po County Records, which contained musical instruments such as Qin, Qin, Zhong, Qing, Sheng and Xiao in detail, and attached five ancient music scores of Zhong and Lu characters for greeting, paying homage and giving gifts to the gods. In the folk, at the end of the Ming Dynasty, Luo Shuyu, a native of Fenglang, Tai Po, avoided going to the mountains and played piano and read books every day to amuse himself.
In the first year of Qing Qianlong, Yang Youlie, a scholar of Mingtong Jinshi in Tai Po, climbed the Ming Tower when he was teaching in Hainan Qiongshan Academy. His biography says: Willow leaves are Ming Xu, and the moonlight is like frost. When he returned to lent aid to Dong Xiao, he couldn't get rid of "Shui Long Yin". See the characters in Tai Po County Records above, which is called Confucian music. As for the music of Zhongjun class, folk gongs and drums and eight tones, etc., the tenth volume of Tai Po County Records in the tenth year of Qing Qianlong (1745) is Folk Customs. Beginning of spring "contains: On the first day of beginning of spring, various clubs played and advocated that cattle should be turned against the soil, and farmers could distinguish the rain by the color of cattle. D. Advocacy is a general term for the music of Zhongjun class and the eight-tone gongs and drums. Let's talk about temple music. In the Tang Dynasty, monks and nuns were worshiped in temples. In order to adapt to the local folk customs, Buddhist songs absorbed folk songs, folk songs and popular tunes, and at the same time, Chinese military musicians were invited to accompany them with suona, which has been followed.
From the late Qing Dynasty to before the Anti-Japanese War, Guangdong Han Music Hall was quite popular in eastern Guangdong. And there are more fixed music clubs in towns. Confucian music in this period has the following characteristics;
one is to play both Chinese music and Pihuang. Han music and Han opera music are mutually promoted.
the second is to engage in research. Since the 192s, Qian Rechu (a native of Tai Po) has often published comments on Chinese music in Shantou Daily. In the 22nd year of the Republic of China (1933), the Monthly Musical Drama of Public Welfare Society was founded and published 11 issues. He Yuzhai, a famous master of Chinese music, arranged nearly 1 pieces of traditional silk string music, marked the paragraphs, and recorded the flowers in the performance in small print. The notation has been improved.
the third is the appearance of the empty board of the stringed music. Compared with the music scores of this century, the old music scores of 1 years ago have words and sounds appearing on the board (that is, the first beat of the bar), while the latter has become an empty board, such as "Cuizi Dengtan", "your legend" and "A Thousand Miles of Destiny". This is a re-creation in the performance of music artists and is recognized and licensed.
fourthly, the music materials have been published one after another. For example, the Guide to Qinxue compiled by Wan Chuan (the name of the old county in Tai Po) in Jinyang Paradise was printed and published by Shilai (Singapore) and Sheng Printing Bureau in 1933, and 42 pieces of Gongzhi scores such as Water Lotus and Xiaoyangzhou were collected. In 23 years of the Republic of China, the fifth anniversary collection of the national music department of Sin Chew Hakka General Association was published, and nearly 2 pieces of I-scale scores were detailed and annotated. In the same year, the Chinese Music Score compiled by Chen Xiaohu in Tai Po was published, and 45 pieces of Gongchi music were included. On the eve of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Xingning Guole Society published a lithograph-printed "Chinese Music Score" with about 1 Gongchi scores. These publications have played a great role in the inheritance of Guangdong Han music.
the fifth is to establish mass music organizations. For example, the Yangfeng National Music Society in Chaozhou; Tongyi Chinese Music Club in Tai Po. Tongyi National Music Club and Baihou Confucian Music Club; Shantou's public welfare society and Yicheng society; Baoding national music club in Xihe; Yiguang National Music Society in Meixian District, Meizhou City; Xingning National Music Society in xingning city, Meizhou City; Chaomei Music Club in Guangzhou and so on. It can be seen that Guangdong Han music flourished during this period. Sixth, Rao Shushu, the predecessor of Guangdong Han music, succeeded in creating Tihu based on Erhu in 16 years of the Republic of China (1927). Tihu's timbre is soft and rich, with a wide range, which is more suitable for Guangdong Chinese music, thus replacing the hexagonal erhu.
After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, people's life was difficult, and Guangdong's Chinese music activities were greatly reduced.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Guangdong Chinese music was fully valued and developed greatly. The original music club was renamed as a club, and some of them became
Han Opera Club. Some Chinese military artists also joined the Han Opera Troupe, and their activities were more extensive. Especially in 1956, the Hakka Music Group represented by Rao Congju, Rao Shushu and Luo Jiuxiang went to Beijing with the Guangdong delegation to participate in the first National Music Week, which was a success. The Guangdong Han music played has been widely praised, and more than ten music records such as "Single Nod" and "Zhao Jun's Complaint" have been produced by well irrigation. In 1959, Luo Jiuxiang, a famous guzheng expert, went to Xi 'an to attend the national conference on guzheng teaching materials, and was known as the representative of the southern school of guzheng.
In p>1962, 16 musicians from dapu county, including Luo Jiuxiang and Luo Lian, formed a Guangdong Hanle team to attend the first Yangcheng Music Flower Festival in five concerts, and made special performances and recorded records. In particular, the interesting songs of folk customs such as "Tea after Dinner" and "Marry a Good Lang" performed by the Chinese military class are highly praised by people from music circles all over the country. The Propaganda Department of Guangdong Provincial Party Committee held a symposium specially for the "Guangdong Chinese Music Team". Since then, Guangzhou Conservatory of Music has set up Guangdong Chinese music classes to train Chinese music talents. From late May to early June, 1987, Guangdong Province held a Music Performance Week, and the Guangdong Chinese Music Group was invited to participate in six performances, which had a great influence.
After 198s, Guangdong Chinese music has further developed, and many music materials and score materials have been published. For example, 3 pieces of Guangdong Chinese music published in 1982.
more than 7 years ago, the ancient Chinese music in the Central Plains spread from the Central Plains to remote mountainous areas such as eastern Guangdong, and it was mixed with folk percussion music, temple music and other music, thus forming a unique music genre and becoming one of the three major music types in Guangdong Province. Tai Po has a good foundation of Chinese music, and folk Chinese music activities have a long history, and Chinese music performance points are all over urban and rural areas. According to the records of dapu county, the folklorists in Pu recite the family strings. According to incomplete statistics, there are 38 Chinese bands in the county, more than 6 family Chinese music venues, and more than 2 members of Guangdong Chinese Music Research Association.
The state attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage. On May 2th, 26, Guangdong Hanle was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage lists.
In order to promote Guangdong Chinese music, Shengping Primary School in Shenzhen established Guangdong Chinese Orchestra in 26, with more than 13 members, all of whom are students. After several years of training, the performance level of Shengping Primary School Chinese Orchestra is getting higher and higher, and it has won many provincial and municipal competitions.
In May p>21, the organizing committee of 16th Guangzhou Asian Games sent an invitation to Guangdong Chinese Orchestra of Shengping Primary School in Shenzhen to perform in the Asian Games. As the only student Chinese Orchestra in China, Guangdong Chinese Orchestra of Shengping Primary School will perform in the Asian Games Town, the official headquarters hotel, tianhe sports center and other important venues to show the people of Asia the precious intangible cultural heritage of Guangdong Chinese Music.
Guangdong Hanle, a brand special program of Shenzhen Buji Hakka Music Association, was unveiled at the 16th Asian Games in Guangzhou in 21, and then staged on the Universiade stage in 211, and made a wonderful appearance at the opening ceremony of the Universiade Cultural Park on July 19th. During the Universiade, it will show the world the essence of Hakka music culture and add another "different splendor" to the Universiade.
On October 24th, 212, in the final of the traditional folk music group of the 212CCTV National Instrumental Music TV Competition, Guangdong Han Music —— "Cuizi Dengtan" selected by Meizhou Guangdong Han Theatre won the first place in the group with excellent results, which was the first time that Meizhou literary and art groups participated in the national competition.