1. The full meaning of the word "Yin" in ancient Chinese

(1) (Understanding.

From the bow丨. (丨 means arrow.

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The arrow is on the string and is about to be shot. Original meaning: draw a bow) (2) Same as the original meaning of [draw a bow]

——Xu Shen, "Shuowen" of the Eastern Han Dynasty. A gentleman draws his bow but does not draw it, and shoots as fast as he can. ——"Mencius" Draws the bow and shoots. ——"Huainanzi·Shuo Lin Xun" The minister draws the bow for the king, and shoots the bird in vain. ——"Warring States Policy" "Chu Ce" After the Great Wall, the leader of the country was ordered to lead the war. ——"Historical Records·Biography of the Xiongnu" Zi·Renjianxun》The iron handle is folded and the ring is folded...

——Ming Dynasty Wei Xi's "Da Tiezhu Zhuan" (3) Another example: Yinshou (Guide the Archer); To draw the bow; to draw the bow to fullness. (4) To draw the baby and pull it into the river.

The baby cries. Shi Chunqiu·Cha Jin" Yin Xiangru left.

- "Historical Records·Biography of Lian Po Lin Xiangru" The friend was ashamed and got out of the car to evacuate him.

Yuan Fang. Ignore it (to pull it). (Pull means a friendly action)

- "Shi Shuo Xin Yu·Fang Zheng" (5) Another example: pull the sun (pull the sun wheel); To draw one's hand back (to pull one's hand back); to draw one's hand (to pull one's hand). Ci" (7) Another example: Yinri (to delay the time); Yinnian (to extend the life); Yinshi (to postpone the time) (8) Stretch [stretch] to lead the first glance.

<. p> - Ma Zhongxi's "Zhongshan Wolf Biography" The envoy came forward with a knife, and Ji pulled his neck to wait for him. - "New Book of Tang·Zhuo Xing Zhuan·Zhen Ji" (9) Another example: lead the head (extend the head and neck, raise the head.

Describing ardent hope); inducing hand (reaching out); inducing neck (stretching neck); inducing arm (stretching arm) (10) to involve; to climb into [involve in] Guo Yin Zhang Sheng. "Book·Li Guang Su Jian Biography" (11) Another example: Yinfu (climbing); Yindu (implicate arrest) (12) Guide [guide] Yin Zhiyi

- "Zuo Zhuan·Wen Gong." "Six Years" (13) Another example: Yin Zhuan (twist; turn back); Yin Feng Chui Huo (drawing wind to help the fire. Metaphor means fanning the flames and aggravating the situation); Yin Shang Ke Yu (referring to paying attention to rhythm and having profound attainments, A highly accomplished musical performer) (14) Lead [lead] to lead the troops at night

- "Zizhi Tongjian·Tang Ji" (15) Another example: introduction (report to the emperor. , write a letter); guide (lead); lead (informer, lead the way to arrest people) (16) lead to death, commit suicide [suicide] Feeling that Sanliang died in Qin, he was willing to sacrifice his life and lead himself. - "Selected Works·Pan Yue·Widow". Fu" (17) Another example: Yinjue (suicide); Yinjue (Yinjue); Yinyao (suicide by taking poison) (18) Citing [cite] should not belittle oneself, as the quotation is unjust.

——Zhuge Liang's "Chu Shi Biao" was introduced into the edict. ——Qing Dynasty Liang Qichao's "Tan Si Tong Zhuan" (19) Another example: quotation of meaning (citing examples to clarify the truth and losing the meaning); quotation of scriptures and ancient texts (quoting sentences or stories in ancient classics and history as a basis) (20) Recommended [remend] The two of them are very attached to each other, and they travel like a father and son.

——"Historical Records·Biography of Wei Qiwu'an Hou" (21) Another example: cite (recommend; introduce); cite pre (recommend, make people participate) (22) Incur [incur] must kiss Lead question. ——"Zi Zhi Tong Jian·Tang Ji" (23) Another example: Yin Na (invite acceptance); Yin Cao (provoke) (24) Hold [hold].

Such as: Yinzhang (holding a stick); Yinbei (raising a glass. Refers to drinking) (25) Retreat [retreat] arises from Yinbai.

——"Warring States Policy·Yan Policy" was introduced to Jiangbei. ——"Zi Zhi Tong Jian" (26) Another example: Yin avoid (retreat, avoid); Yin Dun (retreat, escape) (27) Select [elect].

For example: attract talents (select talents) (28) Attract [attract] introduce Huangpo Cave.

――"Guangdong Military Affairs" (29) Another example: Yin Lei Hu Peng (to attract similar people); to lead dogs into the stronghold (a metaphor for taking the initiative to introduce enemies or bad guys); to divert water (to guide the flow of water) (30) to resign [resign ].

Such as: Yinlao (to report to old age. Resign in old age); Yinqu (leave; retreat) (31) Lift; raise [lift] to lead the dagger to lift the King of Qin, miss, middle pillar .

- "Warring States Policy·Yan Ce" (32) Another example: Ying'er (pricking the ears); Yingyin (raising the cup and drinking) (33) Recognize the right to blame and bow. - "Three Kingdoms·Wu Zhi" (34) Another example: Yin Fu (admit guilt); Yin Guo (admit fault); Yin Sin (admit guilt) (35) [send for] Young Master Yin Hou Sheng to sit down.

——"Historical Records·Biography of Mr. Wei" (36) Take it over and take out the [take;get;get sth.out] guide saber. ——"Book of Han·Biography of Li Guang and Su Jian" introduces the pot and wine cup.

——Tao Yuanming of Jin Dynasty, "Come Back and Come Back". 2. What does quoting mean in classical Chinese?

①Open (bow). "A blessing in disguise": "The strong man leads the string and fights."

②Extension; elongation. "Three Gorges": "There are often high apes roaring, which is very sad."

③ Pull; pull. "The Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru": "The left and right want to lure Xiangru away."

④Invite. "The Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru": "Nine guests were set up in the court to introduce Lin Xiangru, the envoy from Zhao."

⑤Leadership. "The Battle of Gaixia": "King Xiang again led his troops to the east."

⑥Recruit; involve. "Su Wu Zhuan": "Yu Changguo leads Zhang Sheng."

⑦ Take; lift. "Come Back and Come Back": "Introduce the pot and drink to drink for yourself."

⑧Invite; attract. "Preface to the Collection of Orchid Pavilion": "There is also a clear stream with rapid turbulence, reflecting the left and right, which is thought to be a flowing water."

⑨Avoid; retreat. "Battle of Chibi": "The army was unfavorable and led to Jiangbei."

⑩Turn around. "The Biography of Lian Po Lin Xiangru": "Xiangru led the car to hide."

⑾Extension; continuation. Children and grandchildren suddenly introduced him. "Poetry·Xiaoya·Chuci": "Children, descendants, and grandsons suddenly introduce them to each other."

⑿ Stretch out. "Zhongshan Langzhuan": "The first person to look at is said."

⒀Citation; quotation; quotation. "Chu Shi Biao": "It is not advisable to belittle oneself, citing metaphors is unjust."

⒁Recommendation. "Historical Records: Biography of Marquis Wei Qiwu'an": "The two of them are very important to each other, and they travel like a father and son."

⒂Acknowledge; take responsibility. "Three Kingdoms·Wu Zhi": "Quan takes the blame and resigns." Today there is "taking the blame and resigning."

⒃Unit of length. In ancient times, one measure was ten feet.

⒄Preface. "Preface to Prince Teng's Pavilion": "I dare to express my contempt and respectfully quote the scriptures." 3. The ancient meaning and examples of quotations

Quotations are ancient terms.

See "Yi Li Zhi Gui Tu Fan Ling" written by Shi Ding'an in the Qing Dynasty. There are roughly two meanings: (1) To guide back the chess pieces that have been cut off by the enemy.

A recent scholar, Xu Quji, wrote in "Introduction to Go": "To come to the aid of the besieged son from afar and let him take advantage of the opportunity is called 'Yin'." Or it is equivalent to the modern "crossing".

(2) That is, "retreat". Xu Runzhou's "Illustrated Explanation of Go Terms": "Yin also means to lead back."

Yin yǐn (1) (Understanding. From the bow丨.

(丨 means arrow. The arrow is on the string, About to shoot.

Original meaning: draw a bow) (2) Same as the original meaning of [draw a bow], draw a bow. - "Shuowen" A gentleman draws a bow but does not draw it.

- "Mencius" Drawing the bow and shooting. - "Huainanzi·Shuo Lin Xun" The minister drew the bow for the king, and shot down the bird.

- "Warring States Policy·Chu Policy" The Great Wall. From now on, the leader of the country who draws the bow will be ordered to do so by Shanyu. - "Historical Records·Biography of the Xiongnu" The strong men will fight with the string. ——"Huainanzi·Human Training" The iron handle will be folded and the ring will be folded... Yinzhi is about ten feet long - "The Biography of Da Tiezhu" by Wei Xi of the Ming Dynasty (3) Another example: Yin Shou (drawing the archer); Yin Gong (pulling the bow); Yin Man (pulling the bow to full) (4) Pull , pull [draw] The baby is tempted to throw it into the river.

The baby cries.

——"Lu Shi Chun Qiu·Cha Jin" The lead is like leaving.

——"Historical Records·Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru" led the car to hide. The friend was ashamed, so he got out of the car and led him away.

When Yuan Fang starts, he ignores (draws him in) and pulls him (shows goodwill). ――"Shishuo Xinyu·Fangzheng" (5) Another example: Yinri (pull and turn the sun wheel); Yinshou (pull back the hand); Yintuo (pull) (6) Extend; continue [lengthen;continue] Zi The descendants and descendants suddenly introduced him.

——"Poetry·Xiaoya·Chuci" (7) Another example: Yinri (delay time); Yinnian (extend life); Yinshi (delay time) (8) Stretch [stretch] to attract attention and say. ——Ma Zhongxi's "Zhongshan Wolf Biography" The envoy came forward with a knife and waited for him.

——"New Book of Tang·Zhuo Xing Zhuan·Zhen Ji" (9) Another example: lead the head (stretch the neck and raise the head. Describes ardent hope); lead the hand (reach out); lead the neck (stretch out) Neck); lead arm (stretch arm) (10) implicated; climbing in [involve in] Guo Yin Zhang Sheng.

——"Book of Han·Li Guangsu Jian Biography" (11) Another example: Yinfu (cling); Yindu (implicate arrest) (12) Guidance [guide] Yinzhi's appearance. ——"Zuo Zhuan·Wen Gong Sixth Year" (13) Another example: lead to turn (to reverse; turn back); lead to wind and blow to fire (to draw wind to help the fire.

Metaphor refers to fanning the flames and aggravating the situation); Yin Shang Ke Yu (referring to music performance that pays attention to rhythm, has profound attainments, and has high achievements) (14) Lead [lead] Yin Bing at night. - "Zi Zhi Tong Jian·Tang Ji" (15) Another example: lead (to report or write to the emperor); lead (to lead); lead (to inform, lead the way to arrest people) (16) lead to death, commit suicide [suicide ] Feeling that Sanliang died in the Qin Dynasty, he was willing to donate his life and lead himself.

——"Selected Works·Pan Yue·Widow's Fu" (17) Another example: Yinjue (suicide); Yinjue (Yinjue); Yinyao (suicide by taking poison) (18) It is not appropriate to cite [cite] To belittle oneself is to make the metaphor unjust. ——Zhuge Liang's "Chu Shi Biao" was introduced into the edict.

——Liang Qichao of the Qing Dynasty, "Tan Si Tong Zhuan" (19) Another example: quotation of meaning (citing examples to clarify the truth and losing the meaning); quotation of scriptures (quoting passages or stories in ancient classics and history) As a basis) (20) Recommendation [remend] The two of them are very important to each other, and they travel like a father and son. - "Historical Records·Biography of Marquis Wei Qiwu'an" (21) Another example: Yinyuan (recommendation; introduction); Yinyu (recommendation, so that he can participate) (22) Incur [incur] must personally introduce the question.

——"Zi Zhi Tong Jian·Tang Ji" (23) Another example: Yin Na (invite acceptance); Yin Tiao (provoke) (24) Hold [hold]. Such as: Yinzhang (holding a stick); Yinbei (raising a glass.

Refers to drinking) (25) Retreat [retreat] arises from Yin. ——"Warring States Policy·Yan Policy" was introduced to Jiangbei.

——"Zi Zhi Tong Jian" (26) Another example: Yin avoid (retreat, avoid); Yin Dun (retreat, escape) (27) Select [elect]. Such as: attract talents (select talents) (28) Attract [attract] Introduce Huangpo Cave.

——"Guangdong Military Affairs" (29) Another example: Yin Lei Hu Peng (calling to the same kind); Leading dogs into the stronghold (metaphor for taking the initiative to bring in enemies or bad guys); Drainage (guiding water flow) ) (30) Resign [resign]. Such as: Yinlao (to report to one's old age.

To resign when one is old); to yinqu (to leave; to retreat) (31) To raise; to raise [lift] to lift the king of Qin with his dagger, but if he fails, he will hit the middle pillar. . - "Warring States Policy·Yan Ce" (32) Another example: Ying'er (pricking the ears); Yingyin (raising the cup and drinking) (33) Recognize [recognize] the right to blame and bow.

——"Three Kingdoms·Wu Zhi" (34) Another example: Yinfu (please admit guilt); Yingui (admit fault); Yinxin (admit guilt) (35) Yanyin [send for] Gongzi Yin Hou Sheng sat down. ——"Historical Records·Biography of Mr. Wei" (36) Take it over and take out the sword.

——"Book of Han·Biography of Li Guangsu Jian" Introduce the pot and wine cup. ——Tao Yuanming of Jin Dynasty, "Come Back and Come Back". 4. Chisel the wall to steal the light. Answers in classical Chinese: 1. Explanation of the words. (1) Heng Nai penetrates the wall to steal the light (nai): (2)

1. So/use/ pronoun, book 2. Chisel The wall steals the light, poverty can inspire people, and the hard life can train people's perseverance and ambition. Only by working hard can people reach the top of success. 3. Perseverance 4. The firefly reflects the snow, the hanging beam is bone-piercing, sleepless nights and forgetting to eat, Wei Bian's three unique skills, Bing Zhu Dadan Nang Ying Xue: During the Jin Dynasty, Che Yin was eager to learn since he was a child, but due to his poor family, his father could not provide him with a good learning environment. In order to maintain food and clothing, there was no extra money to buy lamp oil for him to study at night. For this reason , he could only use this time during the day to recite poems. One night in the summer, he was reciting an article in the yard, and suddenly he saw many fireflies flying in the low sky. The flashes of light seemed a bit dazzling in the darkness. He thought, if many fireflies were gathered together, wouldn't they become a lamp? So, he went to find a white silk bag, then grabbed dozens of fireflies and put them in it, then tied the mouth of the bag and put it It was not very bright, but it was barely enough for reading. From then on, as long as there were fireflies, he would grab a handful and use them as a lamp. Because of his diligent study and hard work, he finally became a high-ranking official. The same was true for Sun Kang of the same dynasty. Since he had no money to buy lamp oil, he could not read at night and had to go to bed early. He felt that it was a pity to let time run away in vain. One night in the middle of the night, he woke up from his sleep and turned his head to the window At that time, he found a ray of light coming through the window crack. It turned out that it was reflected by the heavy snow, and he could use it to read a book. So he lost his tiredness, immediately got dressed, took out his books, and went outside. The broad earth reflected the light. The snowy light was much brighter than that in the room. Regardless of the cold, Sun Kang immediately started reading. When his hands and feet were frozen, he got up and ran, rubbing his fingers at the same time. From then on, every snowy night, he He did not miss this good opportunity and studied tirelessly. This spirit of hard study promoted his knowledge to advance by leaps and bounds, and he became a learned man. Later, he became a high official. Su Qin was from Luoyang. Luoyang was the emperor of Zhou Dynasty at that time. He wanted to make a difference in the capital. He once asked to see the Emperor of Zhou, but was unable to find a way. In anger, he sold his property and went to other countries to find a way out. However, he ran around for several years and failed to achieve anything. Later, he ran out of money and wore out his clothes, so he had to go home. His family saw him wearing straw sandals and carrying a broken burden, looking embarrassed. His parents scolded him severely; his wife Sitting on the loom weaving silk, without even looking at him; he begged his sister-in-law to cook for him, but her sister-in-law ignored him and walked away. Su Qin suffered a lot and was determined to fight for his life. From then on , he studied ardently and studied the art of war every day until late at night. Sometimes he read until midnight and felt tired and sleepy, so he pricked his thigh with an awl. Although it hurt, he felt energetic and continued reading. Legend has it that When he was studying at night, he tied his hair with a tie and tied it to the beam. As soon as he dozed off, his head fell down, which made his scalp hurt, and he woke up. This is what people later called "head hanging from the beam, cone" "thorn" is used to express the spirit of studying hard. After more than a year of hard work, his knowledge is much richer than before. Wei Bian Sanjue: The books of the Spring and Autumn Period mainly used bamboo as a bamboo slip to write on. , ranging from dozens of characters to eight or nine characters. A book requires many bamboo slips, which are connected in order by strong ropes and the like. The final book is easy to read. Usually, the bamboo slips are connected with silk threads. It is called "silk braiding", those braided with hemp rope is called "rope braiding", and those braided with cooked cowhide rope is called "Wei braiding". Among them, the cooked cowhide rope is the strongest. For a heavy book like "The Book of Changes", of course it is It consists of many bamboo slips connected by cooked cowhide ropes. Confucius "loved the Yi in his later years" and spent a lot of energy to read the "Book of Changes" over and over again many times. He also appended many contents and did not know how to open them. How many times he read it back and forth. It is generally believed that when Confucius read back and forth in this way, the cowhide straps connecting the bamboo slips were worn out several times and had to be replaced with new ones many times. This is a metaphor for reading. Study diligently. Even after reading to this point, Confucius said: "If I had been allowed to live a few more years, I would have fully mastered the text and quality of the Zhouyi." 5. What are the different uses and meanings of quotation words in classical Chinese?

① Draw (bow).

"A blessing in disguise": "The strong man leads the string and fights." ② Extend; stretch.

"Three Gorges": "There are often high apes roaring, which is very sad." ③ Pull; pull.

"The Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru": "The left and right want to lure Xiangru away." ④ Invite.

"The Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru": "Nine guests were set up in the court to introduce Lin Xiangru, the envoy from Zhao." ⑤ Leadership.

"The Battle of Gaixia": "King Xiang led his troops to the east again." ⑥ Recruit; involve.

"Su Wu Biography": "Yu Changguo led Zhang Sheng." ⑦ Take; lift.

"Return and Lai Xi Ci": "Introduce the pot and drink to drink for yourself." ⑧ To attract; to attract.

"Preface to the Orchid Pavilion Collection": "There is another clear stream with strong turbulence, reflecting the left and right, making it look like a flowing water." 9. Avoid; retreat.

"Battle of Chibi": "The army was unfavorable and led to the north of the Yangtze River." ⑩ Turn around.

"The Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru": "Xiangru led the car to hide." ⑾ extension; continuation.

The descendants of the descendants suddenly introduced him. "Poetry·Xiaoya·Chuci": "Children, descendants, and grandsons suddenly introduce them."

⑿ Stretch out. "Zhongshan Wolf Biography": "The first person to look at is said."

⒀ Quote; quote; quote. "Chu Shi Biao": "It is not advisable to belittle oneself, and it is unjust to use metaphors."

⒁ Recommendation. "Historical Records: Biography of Marquis Wei Qiwu'an": "The two of them are very important to each other, and they travel like a father and son."

⒂ Acknowledge; bear responsibility. "Three Kingdoms·Wu Zhi": "Quan takes the blame and resigns."

Today there is "taking the blame and resigning." ⒃ unit of length.

In ancient times, one measure was ten feet. ⒄ Preface.

"Preface to Prince Teng's Pavilion": "I dare to exhaust my contempt and respectfully quote the scriptures.".