Qijiang Peasant Printmaking

In the 1980s, Qijiang people gave this ancient art a deeper connotation and artistic language on the basis of inheriting wooden New Year pictures. Old trees bloom new flowers, and Qijiang farmers' prints take on new vitality. With the personal guidance and strong support of famous artists such as Niu Wen, Chairman of the Chongqing Artists Association, Zhu Xuanxian, Executive Vice Chairman of the Chongqing Artists Association and Director of the Chongqing Folk Art Exhibition Office, on December 9, 1983, the Qijiang County Farmers Print Exhibition After being successfully exhibited at Confucius Pool in Chongqing, it was grandly exhibited at the National Art Museum of China in Beijing in January 1984. Subsequently, it was exhibited in 18 cities across the country, and also traveled across the ocean to be exhibited in 14 countries and regions including Japan, the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Switzerland, and Norway. It was deeply loved wherever it went and was widely used by museums at home and abroad. for collection. Today, the National Art Museum of China has collected more than 70 Qijiang peasant prints; it has won more than 80 national awards/times, and nearly 100 provincial and municipal awards/times. Qijiang peasant prints are called China's modernist art circles; Sichuan Province The Department of Culture, the Sichuan Artists Association, the Chongqing Municipal People's Government, and the Chongqing Municipal Culture Bureau have successively awarded Qijiang County the honorary title of the Hometown of Peasant Printmaking; in 1988, the Ministry of Culture officially named Qijiang County the Hometown of Chinese Modern Folk Paintings. In recognition of the achievements of farmers' printmaking in Qijiang, the Japan-China Art Research Association sent people from Japan to Qijiang to present three gold cups. National media such as CCTV's "Around China", Xinhua News Agency, China Culture News and other national media introduced Qijiang peasant prints. Mainstream media such as Chongqing Daily, Chongqing TV and Guangxi TV have repeatedly promoted Qijiang farmers' prints. Foreign media such as France's "Toulouse", the United States' Yellow River TV and Japan's "Print World" magazine have also reported on Qijiang farmers' prints.

Tongliang Dragon Lantern is a kind of dragon dance and lantern dance with dragon as the main prop, which originated in Tongliang County. From the production of dragons and lanterns to dance drills, it is a comprehensive art that integrates folk dance, music, art and handicrafts. Tongliang dragon lanterns have a long history, originating in the Sui and Tang Dynasties and flourishing in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the 12th year of the Republic of China (1923), Tongliang folk artists Liu Lianshan and others took the advantages of various dragon lanterns and created the creeping dragon. Its shape is complete and larger than the fire dragon and flying dragon. When playing and dancing, it looks like a snake or an earthworm crawling, and it is light when it is slow. Elegant, jumping and flying quickly, majestic and spectacular. On New Year's Day in 1984, Tongliang participated in the Chongqing dragon lantern show with a 54-meter-long giant dragon, which gained a reputation. In the same year, folk artist Jiang Yulin and others decorated nine giant dragons and went to Beijing to attend the National Day ceremony and danced in front of Tiananmen Square. Accept review and become famous. Since then, he has won five first prizes in national competitions and multiple gold medals. It has many categories, divided into two categories: dragon lanterns and colored lanterns. Dragon lanterns include creeping dragons, positive dragons, fire dragons, colorful dragons, bench dragons, straw dragons, etc. Colored lanterns include carps jumping over the dragon gate, loaches eating glutinous rice balls, bright lions, mountain tigers, eighteen bachelors, rhinos looking at the moon, pigs chewing pumpkins, Sanjo?NB153?, clam shell essence, etc., plus various decorative crafts, there are hundreds of varieties. Tongliang dragon lantern dance has rich routines, and the dances are different and have different tastes due to different props. The main feature is the use of large props, big movements and big scenes to express the grand momentum, coupled with cheerful folk percussion music and fierce folk fireworks to create a warm festive atmosphere. It has strong adaptability and can be performed on streets, squares, farmyards, and on artistic stages, retaining the traditional folk flavor. Its grand event is the Spring Festival Dragon Lantern Festival. Various dragon lantern performances are held in the county from the first to the fifteenth day of the first lunar month every year. The dragon dance performed by the Tongliang County Dragon Dance Troupe, choreographed and directed by Huang Tingyan and others, and arranged by Wang Xingfu, won the Outstanding Award (the highest award in the competition) at the 1992 Second China Shenyang International Yangko Festival and National Excellent Yangko and Folk Dance Competition. Won the Bronze Award of the Second National Star Award issued by the Ministry of Culture. In 1994, he represented China in the International Dragon and Lion Competition held in Zengcheng, Guangzhou, and won the championship.

Wujiang Boatman’s Hao: The Wujiang River is dangerous and the waves are high. When entering the water, more than 10 boats usually set off in groups. Whenever there is a big beach, the manpower of each boat must be concentrated to pull fiber together. The boatmen are huge The sound of the chant is solid, sonorous, high-pitched and passionate, and can overwhelm the sound of the roaring river and spread dozens of miles away. Among them, Duiduohao is the most typical. It has no downbeat, no lead singer, and no lyrics. It is divided into three groups of five parts to echo the tune. The entire chant is performed in a harmonious manner, with palace-tuned chords in original position and inverted chords appearing alternately, revealing the voices, which are bright and strong. When it reaches its climax, the pace doubles and the atmosphere becomes even more intense. The moment the boat passed the beach, it ended with a long sound, and the beach was filled with joy.

Entering the canyon, the waves were calm and the water was calm. The trackers pulled their boats and crawled slowly on the dangerous road. The boatman took the lead in singing a very slow narrative chant (such as Nao Xia Hao) on the boat. His voice was melodious, gentle, relaxed and soft, and at the end of the sentence "Trackers on the Shore" has a long tone to set off the tone, and the rest between sentences is long, which can usher in the clear echo of the valley. When the boat launches and passes through dangerous shoals, the boatmen shout a three-beat traversing chant. The lead singer is used on the first beat, and the rhythm and melody are used to jump in four degrees up and down around the main tone on the second and third beats. The chant is smooth and free, with clear relaxation. Entering Pingshui, most of the boatmen take turns to rest or have a drink. At this time, they also sing some number board chants with plots to adjust their lives.

Xiushan Lanterns Xiushan County is known as the hometown of lanterns, singing and dancing. The lantern opera originated from the lantern opera of the Han nationality. Later, it was integrated with the singing and dancing performance skills of the Xiushan Tujia and Miao ethnic groups. It has developed into an art form with novel style, moving singing and dancing, and is loved by the people of Han, Tu and Miao ethnic groups. The cast of lantern opera is relatively small, as the libretto says: lantern brothers and lantern dancers, gold and silver flower lantern holders, two string stringers, four gong cymbals, and a tuner. Helping and making do, there are thirteen people in the group. There are three types of lantern dance: single lantern, double lantern and lantern opera. The single lantern is performed by two characters: one is an ugly one. The dan role is called Yaomeizi or Huameizi. Many men dress up as women, wearing fake braids, floral skirts, and short aprons. They hold a folding fan with silk edges in their right hand and a colorful scarf in their left hand. The clown is a beggar or laihuazi, who wears a fur coat and belt, a melon skin hat or a turban on his head, and holds a big cattail leaf fan in his right hand. Double lanterns have two dans and two ugly lanterns or two dans and four ugly lanterns. The lantern opera is similar to the Hunan flower drum opera, showing a more complete storyline. There are more than 200 lantern dance vocabulary, such as snowflakes on the roof, rhino looking at the moon, toad playing in the water, white crane spreading its wings, sweeping lotus, dragonfly touching the water, etc. The dance takes place on a miniature stage with a square table. Hanako came on the stage first, and invited the flower girl to come on the stage as an excuse. She started to spin, sing and dance. Her movements were delicate and accurate, and her performance was unique and funny. The lyrics of lanterns are short and concise, reflecting daily life, love and marriage, production knowledge, historical stories, local anecdotes, etc. There are more than 400 pieces of lantern music, and the form is generally a single segment of 2 to 4 phrases. Most of the lyrics contain five or seven characters. The lining words are lively and lively, divided into regular tune and miscellaneous tune. Zadiao has a strong flavor of life, beautiful tunes and singing, and is the essence of lantern opera. Some processed miscellaneous tunes, such as "Tea-picking tune", "A handful of rapeseeds", "Boxwood pole", etc., are popular all over the country and are famous at home and abroad.

The Tujia hand-waving dance is a mass dance performed by the Tujia people in Youyang County during activities such as worshiping ancestors, praying for the New Year, and celebrating festivals. It is mostly performed between the third and fifteenth day of the first lunar month every year, and sometimes it is performed at night in late spring and March. At that time, men, women, old and young, dressed in Xilankapu (local flower quilt), holding dragon and phoenix flags in their hands, carrying shotguns, spear darts and eyebrow-leveling sticks on their shoulders, gathered in the waving hall or waving dam. The wizard wears a high hat with a phoenix crown on his head and eight skirts around his waist. He shakes a brass bell and wields a sword, and he dances and gives instructions. In the field, loud gongs and drums were beaten, horns and horns were blown, three-waisted muskets were fired, and the crowd sang and danced. There are two types of hand waving dance: big hand waving and small hand waving. The Big Waving Hands ceremony is mainly used for sacrifices. It is held once every three or five years, with tens of thousands of people attending, and the atmosphere being grand. Small hand waving is used in general festive activities, the number of people varies from dozens to hundreds, and the atmosphere is warm and lively. The movements of hand-waving dance are divided into single pendulum, double pendulum and swing pendulum, which express various sacrificial rituals, labor and combat movements, such as putting hands together, bending knees and padding legs, Guanyin sitting on the lotus platform, raising swords and dancing sticks, hunting and casting nets, trekking through mountains and rivers, etc. , simple manners, rough momentum, very original flavor. ?

Baban gongs and drums are a form of folk music that has been popular in the Longtan area of ??Fuling City, Chongqing and has a history of hundreds of years. Their skills have been passed down from generation to generation, among which Shu Jiaban and Liu Jiaban are the most outstanding performers. In the mid-1960s, the Sichuan Conservatory of Music recorded eight pieces of gongs and drums played by the Shu family class, and invited drummer Shu Peicheng to go to the academy to teach his skills. The eight-version gongs and drums are simple and compact instruments. There are generally five types: drums (commonly known as foot pot drums, big on the top and small on the bottom, with only one side covered with cowhide), horse gongs (also called madangzi), and large gongs (equivalent to the alto used in opera). Gong), golden drum (actually made of copper). It is usually played by five people: the drum is in the middle, the horse gong and Baobao gong are on the right, and the cymbals and bowl gong are on the left. A few tunes are played by horse gongs, while the rest are conducted by drums. It is said that there are more than 400 tunes played, but most of them have been lost. The Shujiaban in the 1960s could play more than 140 tunes.

Commonly used tunes include one dragon wagging its tail, two phoenixes nodding their heads, three lions ringing bells, four elephants turning over, five tigers capturing sheep, six leopards making money, seven oxen scratching their itch, eight horses crossing the river, nine monkeys in the lion's den, ten pigs and eight warnings; many chickens Grass, two swallows holding mud, a red phoenix rising to the sun, four horses surrendering to the Tang Dynasty, five men withdrawing their troops, six people being promoted, seven sages crossing the border, eight immortals crossing the sea, nine dragons turning over, ten dragons crossing the river, etc. The main feature of the Bupai gongs and drums is that they have many tunes and rich expressiveness. They can be used in various occasions such as incense fairs, temple fairs, weddings and funerals. Its ideas are dense, its melody is compact and clear, its sounds and emotions are rich and fascinating.