The English name of piano is Piano, and Piano is the abbreviation of pianoforte. Its mechanical devices include: keyboard, action, hammer, damper, strings and pedals.

The keyboard of a modern piano reaches seven octaves, with the lowest note being A; some also add a minor third, with the highest note being C (88 keys).

The first time the piano was used as a solo instrument was in a performance by J.C. in England in 1768.

Modern pianos are mainly divided into upright pianos and grand pianos due to different shapes and volumes.

The grand piano used in concerts is a behemoth among musical instruments. It is 9 feet long and the heaviest can reach 79 tons.

The most expensive piano to date is a Steinway grand piano produced in 1888, which was auctioned in New York in 1980 for a high price of 180,000 pounds.

Piano has always been loved by composers because of its unique sound and full range of 88 keys.

Played an important role in almost all forms of music including pop, rock, jazz and classical.

Upright pianos are cheap and take up little space, making them popular among enthusiasts.

Grand pianos are used for large-scale performances or professionals.

The upright piano adopts a staggered string design, which effectively saves height and thickness.

Prior to this, the height of the upright piano was 2.4 meters.

The current one is only 1-2 meters high.

The grand piano is 2.7 meters long.

Apply clef: treble part: treble clef, notation without transposition; bass part: bass clef, notation without transposition.

Structure: It consists of six major parts: string row, soundboard, bracket, keyboard system (including black and white keys and hammers), pedal mechanism (including push rod and pedal) and shell .

Materials used: String row: high and midrange strings are made of steel wire; bass strings are made of steel wire and copper wire.

Soundboard: Wooden structure.

The wood needs to be soft, elastic and easy to conduct vibration, with white pine or sycamore being the best.

Bracket: including cast iron bracket and wooden bracket.

Keyboard system: Black and white keys are made of ivory or bakelite; sound hammers are often made of wood.

Pedal mechanism: metal structure.

Shell: Painted wooden structure.

Features of the musical instrument: wide range, huge volume, and rich timbre changes, which can express a variety of different musical emotions, whether hard or soft, fast or slow, and can be just right; crisp treble, full midrange, and low bass It is powerful and can imitate the effect of the entire symphony orchestra, so it is known as the "King of Instruments".

Piano (piano forte or forte piano), referred to as piano, is a keyboard instrument that uses keys to pull hammers to strike strings.

Since the end of the 18th century, the piano has been the most important household keyboard instrument in Europe and the United States.

The piano originated in Europe. At the end of the 17th century, the Italian Bartolommeo Cristofori invented a keyboard instrument similar to the modern piano.

It has a history of more than 300 years.

From the 17th to the 18th century, the harpsichord played a very prominent position in the musical life of the time, and it can be said to be its heyday.

By the beginning of the 18th century, music in continental Europe was developing rapidly. The weak harpsichord could no longer meet the needs of the musicians at that time, and was gradually replaced by the loud piano.

The inventor of the piano is Bartoloo Cristofori, an instrument maker from the Medici family in Florence, Italy.

In 1709, he used the plucked clavichord as the prototype and made a clavichord that was called "a clavichord with strong and weak tone changes." He used a mechanism on the piano that used hammers to strike the strings to produce sounds. The device replaces the mechanical device of the clavichord that used animal quills to wave the strings to produce sounds.

This makes the piano sound more expressive, the sound levels richer, and the changes in the sound can be directly controlled by touching the keys with your fingers.

A hundred years after Chris Forley's first piano appeared, the harpsichord was still used, but more often for playing specific works.

Therefore, the use of hammers instead of plucked strings for pronunciation became the main feature of keyboard instruments at that time, and it was also the symbol and symbol of the piano.

After 1709, Cristofori further reformed the structure of the original action. He installed in this machine a re-vibration lever system that is almost identical to the modern action. Activating the lever made the string attack speed 10 times faster than before, and it could be played quickly and continuously; the range was also increased to 4 groups; it can be said that this was the prototype of the modern piano.

His invention opened the door to success for future piano makers.

But unfortunately, Cristofori's invention did not attract the attention of his Italian colleagues and performers at that time, but it was inherited and developed in a foreign land.

The German organist and maker Gottfried Silbermann made the German piano in 1730 based on an extremely inaccurate sketch of an Italian piano and the invention of Cristofori. The first piano.

He sent the piano to the music master Bach for appraisal, but Bach dismissed it and just said: "The keys are too heavy and the treble tone is too weak.

", but He also made some suggestions.

After adopting Bach's suggestions, it was innovated in 1747.

In the same year, Bach played Sillmann's new piano when he entered the palace to meet Frederick the Great in Potsdam.

Silman's main contribution to piano reform was the use of piano dampers.

He used manual tuning switches to lift all dampers off the strings to make the sound of the piano richer and have a mysterious color.

For our today's performers, this performance in today's pianos can be quickly and nimbly controlled with their feet. It is difficult to imagine that it was operated by hands at that time.

Although the piano was born in Italy, it developed and grew in Germany, Austria and the United Kingdom.

By the middle of the 18th century, people were innovating the manufacturing process of pianos to improve their performance.

During this period, Silbermann and his descendants played a leading role in the transformation of the piano.

Silbermann's famous disciples were called the "Twelve Disciples". They made two different styles of pianos, namely the "Viennese action piano" and the "English action piano" piano".

They have different mechanical properties and different acoustic effects, thus forming two different piano production schools.

These two genres also had a historic impact on the musicians of the time.

The keyboard of the "Viennese action piano" has a light touch and can play fast notes with subtle changes in timbre. When playing in concert with an orchestra, the timbre contrast is clear.

This is in line with the musical needs of Mozart’s gentle and singing Allegro.

Johannes Chumper was one of Silbermann's famous disciples. He came to England in 1760 and became a famous piano maker; his product was called "British action" piano".

This kind of piano has a heavier touch feel but a rich and deep sound, which is suitable for Clementi's solid and powerful music style.

Mozart and Clementi were equally famous pianists at the time. Due to their different playing styles, they used Viennese and English pianos with different structures respectively.

In January 1789, Mozart and Clementi held the world's first piano performance competition in the Austrian King's Palace in Vienna, which became a sensational event.

This competition played an important role in improving the status of piano among other musical instruments.

The piano went through many improvements during its first century.

Although it was initially described as a crude machine made by boilermakers, with little elegance and inferior to the harpsichord and clavichord in expressing delicate emotions; With the changes of the times, music evolved from Baroque style to classicism. The sharp, old-fashioned and lack of vitality of the harpsichord was replaced by the piano with rich, delicate and sonorous sound.

By the late 18th century, the piano had ascended to the throne of "King of Musical Instruments" by the 19th century.

3. Modern piano There are two main forms of modern piano: one is the upright piano (upright piano) and the other is the grand piano (grand piano).

There are standard-size and small uprights in the upright category, while grand pianos come in many sizes, from the smallest to the large grand pianos used for concerts.

Among the early pianos, there was also a long square shape and an upright triangle piano.

The piano basically has eighty-five to eighty-eight keys. The piano has two to three pedals. The most important two are one on the right, called the forte pedal, which prompts all staccato devices. is released, allowing any string to vibrate freely when struck until the pedal is released; the one on the left is called the soft pedal, which is a pedal that can create a soft sound.

The piano is a precious musical instrument with a complex structure, which mainly includes a piano shell, a soundboard, keys, strings, hammers, string nails, etc.

The piano case uses plywood from Indonesia, and the soundboard uses mainland spruce and pine.

Strings, hammers, and keys are imported from Germany and the United Kingdom, ensuring product quality.