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The culture and art of Li folk houses

The Li people are good at singing and dancing, and their music and dance have distinctive national styles. Folk music has its own traditional musical instruments: nose flute, mouth bow, dingdong board, single-wood leather drum, frog gong, etc. There are two main types of folk songs: one is libretto in Hainan Chinese and uses the rhythm of Li folk songs as the melody, which is called "Hanci Li Diao"; the other is libretto in Li language and is called "Li Yao Zhengdiao". The content is diverse, including labor songs, life songs, love songs, carols, ceremonial songs, narrative songs, miscellaneous songs, etc. The singer improvises lyrics and sings his heartfelt songs, which is fascinating. There are different forms such as solo singing, duet singing, rapping, joint singing, leading singing, etc. The melody of the tune is slightly different in each region.

Where there is singing, there is dancing. The Li people are not only good at singing, but also love to dance. Their dance comes from production and life, and from the worship of their ancestors. The content mainly includes production dance, life dance and religious ritual dance. The more famous dances include "Lucky Dance", "Chai Dance" (Bamboo Pole Dance/Bamboo Dance), "Rice Pounding Dance", etc. When dancing, singing, percussion and shouting often blend together, creating a cheerful scene. The Li people's plastic arts are most famous for their brocade craftsmanship. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, the textile technology of the Li people was more advanced than that of the Central Plains. The Li Brocade and Li Dan weaved are world-famous. They use a variety of different textile tools, from ginning, elasticizing, spinning, dyeing, slicing, weaving, and embroidery, to produce colorful brocades, quilts, sheets, skirts, ribbons, etc., which have formed a The production process of the entire system. And to this day, the famous "Yazhou quilt" and "double-sided embroidery" are famous for their exquisite techniques, bright colors and distinctive features. In addition, the Li people are also very famous for their wooden utensil making and bamboo and rattan weaving craftsmanship.

At present, only some people have preserved the traditional clothing and production and living tools of the Li people. Cotton and linen products include men's and women's tops, women's skirts, headscarves, kapok fabrics, linen fabrics, linen quilts, sacks, etc. Li women's clothing mainly includes tops, skirts and headscarves. Li women's tops are 61 cm long and have a waist circumference of 55 cm. The linen cloth is 3.08 meters long and 25 centimeters wide. The kapok cloth is 4 meters long and 17 centimeters wide. The linen cloth is the first male jacket. The clothes are gray, with imitation copper patterns, black and light green. The length is 76 centimeters, the waist is 57 centimeters, and the sleeves are open. 115cm long. Jewelry items include copper earrings, silver earrings, silver collars, copper bells, silver bracelets, silver robe buttons, silver rings, etc. Production and daily life tools include wood, bamboo and rattan products, brocade tools, single-wood pounding tools, bamboo hat weaving tools, spinning tools, garden rakes, rattan baskets, canes, single-wood stools, fishing tools, hunting tools, baskets , bamboo hats, single-wood cowbells, men's and women's knife baskets, ceramics, pottery pots and other production and daily necessities. The rattan jar has a round lid, which is brownish-yellow in color, 16 cm high, 10 cm in diameter, and 12 cm in bottom diameter. The fishing tools are made of hemp woven with a diameter of 58 cm. The ceramics are brown and made by the Li people themselves. The plain face is complete, with 7 nipples on the shoulders, a diameter of 23 cm, a height of 38 cm, and a base diameter of 22 cm.

Women's tops, skirts, cotton fabrics, linen fabrics, headscarves, belts, ribbons, etc. The headscarf is embroidered with Chinese characters on both sides, and is 155 cm long and 23.5 cm wide. The style of Li women's top has long front hem and short back hem. It has embroidered patterns on both sides of the chest. The length is 55 cm, the waist is 40 cm, the sleeves are 106 cm long, the skirt is 50 cm long, the waist is 38 cm, and the cotton fabric ribbon is long. 4 meters wide and 20 centimeters wide, this ribbon is customary for the Li people to wrap around the top of the bed when they get married. Clothing styles show diversified characteristics. Jewelry items include copper earrings, lead bracelets, silver buttons, beads, earrings, anklets, necklaces, hair accessories, etc. The copper earrings have a curved buckle at the top and a curved hook at the lower end. They are orange-yellow. Lead bracelets: bracelet body It is forged into a circle of lead sheets, which is smooth on the inside and curved with two protruding lead sheets on the outside. There are cord and string patterns on the surface. Production and living tools include rattan boxes, wisterias, bamboo hats, fish cages, dew leaf mats, hunting tools, fishing tools, and various single wooden utensils.