Graffiti: What we commonly call graffiti also has the Greek word "Graphein".

The most recognized theory is that graffiti originated in Philadelphia and Pennsylvania (Pennsylvania) in the United States in 1966. In the beginning, graffiti did not have the concept of piece, and simply wrote tags, etc., and the tags of these graffiti writers (graffiti writers) were not only their own nicknames but also their house numbers. Until the later period of 1971-1974, more and more Writers began to study fonts, effects, etc. In the 1980s, writers were doing graffiti on different surfaces such as cars and trains. The wall was no longer the only medium. As time goes by, writers have more methods and approaches. Let people know him (her), Video Graf, cyber space, etc...

Graffiti art and hip-hop music both originated in the Bronx, New York. The Bronx is the only place with The contiguous neighborhoods in the United States are also the poorest neighborhoods in New York. Since the 1960s, it has been occupied by black and Latino residents from Central and North America. They live in poorly equipped slum apartments built by the government, surrounded by dilapidated streets and desolate weeds.

Years of poverty have made black teenagers worship money extremely. Being a professional athlete is a shortcut for them to get rich quickly. At that time, it was common to see groups of shirtless black boys playing basketball on the few basketball courts in the Bronx. Many of them wore gold chains as thick as their fingers around their necks. The cult of money made public display of wealth a fashion in the Bronx. Of course, there are also many young people who have started illegal businesses such as drug trafficking and pimping.

Doing these illegal things is very likely to be caught by the police or targeted by street gangsters. Therefore, these people formed gangs to protect themselves. For a time, countless underworld organizations emerged in the Bronx, such as the "Primitive Skeletons", "Savage Ronin", "Javelin Team", "Royal Wizards", "Seven Crowns" and so on. At that time, many young people joined various gangs in search of a sense of belonging. In their naive imagination, gangs are like those depicted in Bruce Lee movies, where a group of people unite to fight with their opponents and build eternal friendships in the process.

During that time, gang symbols scrawled across the Bronx could be seen crookedly scrawled, mixed with obscene patterns that resembled "toilet literature." American newspapers described the Bronx as "like a primitive settlement." No wonder some people associate graffiti with primitive people, because the earliest human writings and paintings were engraved on walls, and those murals are the only records of civilization left by prehistoric humans. But with the advent of paper, murals became a symbol of uncivilization. Especially after the emergence of cities, modern people seem to have become accustomed to the smooth surfaces of buildings, and any pattern has become a kind of destruction, a kind of anti-civilization spiritual pollution.

If the murals in the Bronx remain in the age of gang tags, future generations may have nothing to say. However, a few people with drawing talents began to design new labels themselves out of dissatisfaction with the crude gang labels. Since then, these gang symbols have become better-looking. Later, a group of non-gangster painters with a rebellious spirit finally realized that the wall was the cheapest and most practical canvas in the world, and they took action. Since then, a new art form - "Graffiti" (Graffiti) was born.

Most of the real graffiti artists have nothing to do with gangs. They are poor people from the bottom, and their spray cans and paints are stolen from stores. They were all thoughtful people, and from then on, cautionary mottoes appeared on the walls of New York. They are all talented people, and many fresh brushwork techniques in painting (especially artistic fonts) emerged from this.

More importantly, they are a group of people with a strong desire to express themselves. They are not paid and are willing to haunt the dark nights of New York all year round just to let passers-by take a look at their works. To distance themselves from gang taggers and simple-minded graffiti writers, they call themselves writers instead of painters.

In order to avoid being caught by the police and to add a mysterious color to their works, these "writers" all designed a signature for themselves. Most of their signatures are a simple word with a number suffixed. The first "writer" mentioned in a newspaper was named "Taki 183", and the article appeared in the New York Times in 1971. The protagonist's real name is Demitrius, Taki is the Greek abbreviation of Demitrius, and 183 is the name of the street where he lives. That report was the first serious discussion of graffiti culture.

Soon, the graffiti writers were not satisfied with static walls, and they came up with the idea of ????subway cars. New York has the most developed subway system in the world, with tracks running like streets throughout New York City. At that time, New York residents working the morning shift were often surprised to find that a subway car that had been fine last night suddenly turned into a mobile graffiti exhibition, covered with colorful patterns. Those letters are like bubbles, full of movement. The most amazing thing is that after changing cars, the pattern is still the same! So, they remembered a signature: Phase 2.

This Phase 2 is the most famous graffiti painter in the early 1970s. His original name was Lonny Wood and he graduated from Clinton High School in the Bronx. This middle school was once a meeting place for early graffiti artists. Not far from here is the New York Department of Transportation parking lot, where scrapped subway cars are stored. So that parking lot became a place for them to practice. Wood is a black man and extremely talented. The "bubble letters" he created are the best representative of the Bronx graffiti style, and he is known as the Miles Davis (Miles Davis, the famous jazz trumpeter) of the graffiti world.

Following Phase 2, graffiti in New York has undergone many style changes, with the emergence of three-dimensional letters, train animation (a series of character animations, the characters become active after the subway train starts moving) and a series of new Creativity. A group of talented graffiti painters have become stars, such as SUPER KOOL 223, El Marko174, Staff 161, Cliff 159, Flint 707 and so on. The then Mayor of New York, Lindsay, turned a blind eye to this because there were many more important things waiting for him to deal with in the chaotic New York City than graffiti. The laissez-faire attitude of the city government is an important reason why graffiti, and even hip-hop culture as a whole, can develop and grow.

New York's so-called "high-class" artists have repeatedly tried to claim graffiti as their own. Several art dealers held a large-scale graffiti exhibition in Manhattan's SoHo district in 1973, which attracted a lot of media attention. They asked graffiti artists to paint their works on canvas and put them up for sale in exhibition halls. Predictably, the exhibition was scorned by critics. Those art dealers ignored the fact that only the works painted on the walls of apartments or outside subway cars were real graffiti.

Later, a man named Freddie organized a group of graffiti painters and went to punk rock clubs in downtown New York to promote them, achieving certain success. One of his graffiti painters named Samo has gained great popularity with his outstanding skills and personal charm. The real name of this Brooklyn-born painter is Jean-Michel Basquiat. This person has achieved impressive success whether in the field of graffiti, painting on canvas, or later three-dimensional sculptures. score. More importantly, he himself has always lived a bohemian life and is a living graffiti work.

A documentary film based on him, "New York Beat Movie", truly recorded his daily life and left precious information for future generations. Unfortunately, Basquiat died of a drug overdose in 1988. Later generations often compare him with the veteran of rock and roll, Jimi Hendrix.

After this brief revival, graffiti disappeared in the United States. The government's increasingly strict management has frightened graffiti artists, and advertisers' imitation of graffiti techniques has completely lost motivation for graffiti artists. But in other lax cities around the world, graffiti is still taking off. The live broadcast in 1989 allowed many people to appreciate the graffiti masterpiece on the Berlin Wall for the first time. Whether it is Madrid in Europe or Buenos Aires in South America, the works of graffiti artists can still be seen on the streets and subway stations to this day.

Graffiti terms are:

WRITER: Graffitiist

ALL-CITY: When a graffiti artist or graffiti crew paints all of the city's major subway lines , called ALL CITY.

BENCH: A gathering place for graffiti artists, usually a place where dots are collected. BENCHING: Take some points.

BITE: Copy the visual features or production style of other graffiti artists (very impolite behavior!!)

BOMB: Just go graffiti! !

BUFF: The most infuriating thing for graffiti creators: cleaning up graffiti! ! It is also used to describe the situation when another pattern covers the previous graffiti.

BURN: Competing with other graffiti artists to see whose work is better. A similar word is style wars.

BURNER: refers to those super powerful works, usually WILD STYLE.

CAPS: Special graffiti spray nozzles, available in three types: fat, skinny, German thin.

MONTANA: The world’s best special spray nozzle for graffiti 7

CREW: Team

CROSSING OUT: Scrubbing or covering someone's name.

DESIGNS: Adding small patterns such as glitter or colorful spots to the background is called DESIGN.

DESIGN. The quality is generally determined by the author's imagination and technology.

DOPE: To praise someone’s work.

FAMILIES: refers to the embarrassing situation of encountering the same name as someone else's THROW-UP.

GETTING UP: When your name is painted in many places, your popularity will increase, and it is called GETTING UP.

GETTING OVER: Rising star.

FILL-IN: Color.

HAND STYLE: Generally refers to the form of TAG or handwriting style.

HIT: refers to TAG.throw-up or a work.

OUTLINE: hook edge.

FINAL OUTLINE: After the coloring and DESIGNS are completed, in order to trim the outline of the work, the edges need to be hooked again.

PIECE: refers to a complete work, the abbreviation of MASTERPIECE.

TAG: author’s nickname and signature.

THROW-UP: A simple graffiti that only hooks the edges without coloring, or a single color, such as white. Or called T-UP, which is simpler.

WILD STYLE: Refers to a graffiti style that is messy, with letters connected in series, distorted fonts, and brilliant colors. Making works of this style requires the author to have a certain amount of imagination and skills.

PRODUCTION: Large-scale graffiti, detailed and patterned, usually on tall buildings.

WAK: Unqualified graffiti.

PIECE BOOK, BLACK BOOK: sketch

3d: three-dimensional lettering style, first used by graffiti artist phase 2.

sgraffiti: Another graffiti technique.

Style wars: The name of the hip-pop documentary filmed by Henry Chalfant and Tony Silver. It can also be used to describe the situation in which graffiti artists compete with each other and compete with each other.

top to bottom: The entire object is covered with graffiti from beginning to end, such as an entire wall or an entire car

fade: Mixing more than one color

def: awesome

gang: gang

gangsta: awesome

going over: when a graffiti person covers his or her image over another's Time

Back to Back: The same pattern is repeatedly painted on the front and back of the wall until it covers the entire wall

Battle: A collective graffiti action, between graffiti artists or teams Graffiti competition between

Beef: Controversy

Bite: Plagiarizing the visual characteristics or production style of other graffiti artists

To bome: Producing graffiti in large quantities

Burn: Fight or defeat competitors

Caps: Interchangeable nozzles, used to control the thickness of the spray effect

Crew: Describes a graffiti team. Generally speaking, one-person graffiti is relatively lonely and dangerous, so some graffiti artists form teams to help each other or go out to spray-paint graffiti works together

Def: Great

Fade: Mixing more than one color

Gang: Gang, team, or group that shares opinions and resources and has the same purpose

Gangsta: Very good

Going ower: When a graffiti person covers his image over another person

Graffiti: graffiti

Hip-pop: a pop music style , originally based on black rap style, now it incorporates electronic and psychedelic styles, and has a strong sense of rhythm

Hit: Write and draw

Mad: Crazy

Muarl: Mural

New school: Roughly speaking, it refers to the modern graffiti style after 1984

Old school: Vice versa

Outline／ Sketch: The pattern on the manuscript painting book, usually refers to the draft before performing the actual spray painting action

Piece Book/Black Book/Writeris Bilbe: The scribbler's manuscript painting book

Slash: Draw graffiti on someone else's graffiti, defacing or covering the original work

Stencils: A very ancient image reproduction technique that uses images and text to convey information

Tag : The most basic form of modern graffiti, which can be the signature or code of the graffiti artist written with spray paint or marker

Toy: a graffiti artist whose skills and experience are not yet mature

King: The best graffiti painter

Bone out: leave

Street graffiti

Walking around the streets of Toronto, with feasting, red maples and white snow, these scenes combine the modern urban style The perfect combination with the idyllic natural scenery is really fascinating. If you avoid the hustle and bustle and go deep into the alleys, careful people will often find various brightly colored patterns or some weird fonts appearing on the walls of some buildings. This is what some people regard as art but gives the police a headache. Graffiti.

Graffiti, as a very important element in hip hop culture, has always been relatively static, wandering between law and art, but no one can deny their existence value, because graffiti’s This is the origin. The illegality of graffiti lies in its chosen geographical location, not its connotation or form of painting. Graffiti has been absorbed by hip-hop culture and has become an important artistic symbol, perhaps because of its declaration of rebellion.

The author of graffiti uses spray paint bottles as a brush to exaggerate emotions, expressing his views and positions on today's society, as well as his longing and yearning for future society. Famous spray painters can also be combined with clothing to create a fashion trend. In some works of figures, one can even identify China's Mao Zedong, Cuba's Fidel Castro Ruz and Che Guevara.

When graffiti first appeared, it was first used by political activists to express their positions and as a symbol for street gangs to compete for territory. But it is generally believed that graffiti was formed in the mid-to-late 1960s. It was first painted inside and outside subway cars, spreading their voices and ideas through the subway, or distinguishing different characters by special fonts and shadow usage. Land and message, representative painters who received early attention include Cornbread and Cool Earl.

In 1971, the community and local media noticed that graffiti reflected a sense of social injustice. The New York Times published a special article on graffiti, as well as a man who painted graffiti on walls and doors in New York City. , the young man who left the "TAKI 183" sign on the advertising billboard. This young man's real name is Demetrius, TAKI is his nickname, and 183 comes from the street where he lives. The newspaper saw Dmitri as a rebel hero with interesting penchants. The year marked the emergence of graffiti as a subculture from underground to the streets. Well-known graffiti painters during this period include JULIO 204, FRANK 207, JOE 163, etc.

Rendered by the media. A group of young people who admired TAKI began to follow his graffiti rebellion. The graffiti movement in New York City spread wildly, and groups of painters emerged. Most of the graffiti artists were young people from the lower class, Hispanics or blacks. They used spray paint as a weapon to resist society. . Each district in New York City is bounded by subway lines and competes with subway cars as the main body. Because of the far-reaching publicity effect of the subway, thousands of passengers have become viewers. Its effect is far better than that of television or other media, and it is free. These actions resulted in the New York subway being severely damaged by graffitiists. No matter inside or outside the trains or at the stations, no blank space was left untouched. Graffiti has thus become a part of New York subway history.

Until 1972, a group of graffiti artists established the United Graffiti Artists (UGA) under the leadership of Hugo Martinez, a sociology student at City College in New York. , UGA invited subway art masters from various districts to paint on a wall covered with paper at the city university. Graffiti really began to be regarded as a legitimate art for the first time.

At that time, it was "mainly satire on the government." Graffiti is used to express dissatisfaction with society, and then graffiti is regarded as an artistic creation and an attitude towards life. "As long as it is planned and suitable venues and items are selected, graffiti will not be a kind of pollution!" New York City Government We do not agree with the existence of graffiti as an art, and believe that it massively destroys urban landscapes, is subtly connected to criminal activities and poor areas, and is regarded as a "polluting" and illegal activity. It was not until the 1980s that the U.S. federal government began to allocate funds and subsidies to rectify graffiti by purchasing stainless steel carriages and repainting them, so that they gradually disappeared.

New York Subway Graffiti

*1966-71 Underground Work (GRYUND WORK) Period

Subway Graffiti (In fact, the word originally refers to all street graffiti. Later, in some places, it began to specifically refer to subway graffiti). It was first used by political radicals to express their positions, and street gangs also used it to mark the boundaries of their territory. Things will gradually be distinguished from other things when they develop to a certain stage. came and initially completed the personality positioning in people's minds. Similarly, the subway graffiti movement formed a certain scale in Los Angeles in the 1930s and later in New York schools. However, as a new thing, street graffiti did not appear until 1960. It really began to form its own personality and began to further improve its own form and content. People use many words to describe "subway graffiti", the most well-known of which is "Graffiti". This word appears more than "subway graffiti" itself. Many years later, it started to be used in Philadelphia around the mid-1960s. Initially, many people in the "Bang Generation" wrote their names on the walls in a conspicuous way to get others' attention. No one knew them. Did you do this after careful consideration or a sudden whim?

*1971-74 Pioneering Period

In the later period of "Underground Works", Manhattan, Washington began to pay attention to graffiti artists ( In English, they are called writers). In 1971, an article published by the New York Times officially introduced people to a graffiti artist-TAKI183, a graffiti artist from Washington, DC. The child, his strange name contains two parts: TAKI is the nickname of his real name Demetrius, and 183 is the number of the street where he lives. TKAI183 is a walking messenger who often rides the subway, which makes him engage in subway graffiti. The creation provided unique conveniences. He was definitely not the first person to paint graffiti on the subway, but he became one of the first founders of this subculture to be recognized by the mainstream world. What emerged during this period There are also JULIO 204, FRANK207, JOE136 and others.

At this time, in Brooklyn, a borough in southwest New York, a movement was secretly brewing. Many graffiti artists were active there, and a group called "Friendly" FRIENDLY FREDDIE, a graffiti artist, has gained great fame. Freddy and his friends discovered that the subway is not only a transportation system, it also connects the independent graffiti movements in various neighborhoods, allowing more People began to understand other people's works, and at the same time they also developed a sense of competition, which played a great role in improving the level of graffiti artists.

After discovering the paradise of the subway, graffiti artists quickly moved their positions From the streets to the underground, when many works began to appear on the same wall or the same car, the sense of competition became stronger and stronger. Graffiti artists soon discovered that taking the subway can quickly and easily reach any place. Graffiti in these places is not easy to be discovered and causes trouble. During this period, graffiti artists were pursuing the quantity of graffiti, and they wanted to leave their marks on as many walls and carriages as possible.

As there are more and more graffiti, it becomes more and more difficult to attract others' attention. Graffiti artists need new methods to attract people's attention. Many painting methods have been developed during this period, and a variety of visual elements Added in. Some of these elements are to attract people's visual attention, and some are to express the graffiti artist's intentions. Graffiti artists began to desire to leave people with works that have a distinctive image, unique image, and wonderful and extraordinary content, so as to attract people's attention. Among them, the one who succeeded may be STAY HIGH149, whose logo is the letter "H" made of a cigarette. The next step to improve is the size of the graffiti. Larger graffiti will undoubtedly attract people's attention more. Graffiti artists They improved the size and structure of their paint spray guns, and they also sprayed the letters bigger and thicker. At this time, new iconic graffiti appeared, and people used huge letter patterns on the walls. The excitement depends on

The level of imagination of the painter. The person who originally created this form has no way to verify. People regard SUPER KOOL 223 from Brooklyn as the representative of this form. People paint graffiti at the same height on the sides of subway trains, making these Along with these flowing "walls", the patterns spread throughout New York. However, these strange graffiti still continued the old style, and the old rigid situation was completely broken. His breakthrough began with the use of fonts In his reform, he replaced the original monotonous fonts with stone fonts and italics (his font was later called Broadway fonts), which triggered people's enthusiasm for font changes and directly led to the subsequent mechanical fonts and wild fonts. The birth of . Since then, more and more fonts have begun to appear in the subway.

During this period, graffiti artists began to pay attention to each other's works, learn from them, improve them, and integrate them into their own creations. After some changes, the movement has entered a relatively peaceful development period. Graffiti artists are making technical preparations and integrating painting styles, and are preparing for the emergence of the next change. In terms of reference and integration The RIFF 170 of a relatively successful graffiti artist, his personal practice has made more and more people realize the importance of learning from each other.

In the time before this time, graffiti art has always been the object of niche curiosity. , the mainstream society has not yet regarded them as art. Hugo Martinez is a sociologist, and his efforts have partially changed this embarrassing situation. He selected from many graffiti artists He organized a group of people he considered representative and held a painting exhibition at the Laser Gallery in New York. In 1973, a magazine reported this event under the title "Subway Graffiti Parade". This marked the beginning of the transcendence of graffiti. More and more people are getting to know it.

Around 1974, some people began to draw cartoon patterns of landscapes, which was another major change in the subject of graffiti. The representative painters are: TRACY 168, CLIFF 159, BLIADE ONE et al.

*1975-77 (THE PEAK) period

The evolution of subway graffiti style slowed down after 1974. One of the reasons is that due to the economic crisis Troubled by the lack of maintenance of the New York subway, this has hindered the development of subway graffiti. In this case, the overall evolution of subway graffiti has transformed into the wanton expression of personal style. After the integration of technology, New York subway graffiti artists began In this process, many people also made small innovations. Due to their extensive contacts, the increase in creative locations, and the increasing integration of their respective painting styles, people gradually no longer use street numbers to identify themselves. The dazzling graffiti artists during this period are named as follows: TEE, IZ, DY 167, PI, IN, LE, TO, OI, FI aka VINNY, etc. This period is called the heyday of New York subway graffiti. Because the mainstream began to pay attention to the entire subway graffiti and began to treat it as an emerging art. There are more and more participants in subway graffiti, and many extraordinary works have been produced during it. However, because there is no new graffiti technology appeared, and since then, this folk sport has begun to take off.

1. Make a draft on paper or find a good pattern elsewhere

2. First paint the wall with interior wall paint as the base color. Be more even.

3. Use light-colored spray paint to outline the wall first. Wait to dry.

4. Color the drawn edge pattern. Wait to dry.

5. Outline again. Wait to dry. alright.

Attention. There may be severe bleeding. This is normal. After it dries, just cover it with another color.

Absolutely original