Dizi include Qudi, Bangdi, Mongolian flute, Uyghur flute, Tibetan flute, mouth flute, Dong flute, Yuping flute, etc.
Qudi, named after its accompaniment to Kun Opera, is also called class flute, city flute or tie-line (i.e. silk-wrapped) flute. Because it is abundant in Suzhou, it is also known as "Su Di". This kind of flute is mostly in the key of D or C or even B flat. The tube body is thick and long. It may be a legacy of the great horizontal flute. The tone is rich and soft, fresh and mellow. It is widely popular in all parts of southern my country, and is most suitable for solo or ensemble playing. It is one of the distinctive and important instruments in local music such as Jiangnan Sizhu, Sunan Chuipida, Chaozhou Flute Set, Gong and Drum, and opera music such as Kunqu Opera. The membrane of this kind of flute is loosely attached, and the sound is smooth and clear. In the performance, various northern decorative techniques are most commonly used, such as "calling sounds", "dubbing sounds", "appropriate sounds", "vibrato", etc. Generally, strong spitting and staccato are avoided. The breath must be full and even, not too strong or too hasty.
Bangdi is named after its accompaniment to Bangzi opera. This kind of flute is usually divided into: bangdi in F key, bangdi in G key, and bangdi in A key. The pipe body is thinner and shorter than the curved flute, and may be a legacy of the small horizontal flute. The sound is high-pitched and bright. It is a kind of flute used for playing high notes. It is mainly popular in the north. It is mostly used as accompaniment for singing performances, Pingju opera and Bangzi opera (Qinqiang Opera, Hebei Bangzi Opera, Pu Opera, etc.) in the north. It can also be used for solo playing, with rich richness. The local flavor and local color. The flutes in the north are mostly bangdi (treble flute), with high-pitched and loud pronunciation. This is inseparable from the regional characteristics and living and working habits of the people in the north. When playing local music (including various local operas), "liyin", "glissando", "vomiting sound", "flower tongue", etc. are most commonly used. The use of breath is fierce. Such as Qinqiang, Xixi, Pu Opera, Hebei Bangzi, etc. As long as you play these happy music more, you can become familiar with some traditional playing methods of northern flute.
Mongolian flute, the people on the grasslands of Inner Mongolia live a non-settled life for many years. The people there are cheerful and unrestrained. The music is broad and high-pitched, and there are often rapid progressions of polyphonic sounds that suddenly stop on a sustained note, creating a very open and unrestrained effect, like a horse galloping on the grassland. For flutes from this region, the membranes are usually tightly attached, or even without membranes (sometimes a loose membrane is required). In terms of performance techniques, some decorative techniques are often used, such as "overlapping sounds", "appropriate sounds", "calling sounds", etc. One of the more prominent features is the frequent use of vibrato fingerings in the upper third or fourth.
Uyghur flute, the Uyghur people are good at singing and dancing, and their music is bright and fiery. Most high-pitched flutes are used, and generally no diaphragm is used, or the diaphragm is attached very tightly (sometimes a loose diaphragm effect is also used). In terms of playing method, the luck is generally stronger, the momentum is greater, and the contrast between strength and weakness is particularly obvious. The most common techniques are "sharp glide" and some decorative ones such as "appropriate sound", "granting sound", "calling sound" and so on. In addition, "flower tongue" and "vomiting sound" are also often used, and most of them require strong and halting speech.
Tibetan flute, the flute was not very popular among Tibetans in the past, but there are also some folk artists who play it very well. They mostly use alto flutes, and many of their playing methods imitate erhu playing and vocal singing. In addition, there are the following characteristics:
1. When two eighth notes of the same degree are played continuously in one beat, usually one is added to the first note of each beat. The ornamentation sound of the upper third (sometimes the upper second) (that is, the playing method of the upper grace note); add a lower second grace note to the second note (that is, the playing method of the lower grace note).
2. For more than four consecutive sixteenth notes, two notes are usually blown once, and long slurs or staccato are rarely used.
3. The first note of a phrase or measure is often referred to as vibrato (second or third). However, this kind of finger vibrato is different from ordinary finger vibrato. It requires the fingers to be raised as low as possible and the movement is fast, which is somewhat similar to the effect of a wave.
According to research, the flute has been recorded in the history of our country, and there are actual unearthed objects. But it was the 1970s that brought out the old and brought forth the new, officially put it on the stage and entered the elegant hall of music. Yu Xunfa of the Shanghai Chinese Orchestra was the first to use his improved flute in solos, which was welcomed by people.
Many young players like to play as a hobby, and many of them have made some improvements to the flute mainly for their own use. Continuously enriching its expressive power. At present, there are various kinds of flutes, including two-hole flutes, five-hole flutes, and seven-hole flutes. Some have phonetic symmetry, with the blowholes in the center, and some have blowholes with a ratio of two to two. Some holes are made to facilitate transposition, while others are made to increase the sound range.
At present, the sound range of ordinary flutes can reach up to two octaves, but in terms of intervals and scales, some sounds are difficult to pronounce or the pronunciation is very inaccurate. Because of its simple production, low cost, easy portability, and its unique charm, it is welcomed by many people.
Dong flute is very popular in the Dong area at the junction of Hunan, Guizhou and Guangxi provinces. Its timbre is beautiful, bright but not flashy, sweet but not depressing. It reflects the secluded fir forests and the clear and flowing mountains and rivers of Dong countryside. Its sound is similar to that between a bamboo flute and a cave flute.
The key reason why the Dong flute can produce that unique sound effect lies in the mouthpiece of the flute head. Unlike the bamboo flute, which is a hole-blown instrument that is blown horizontally, it relies on a mouthpiece (mouthpiece) to produce sound.
The Dong flute is generally about 30 cm long, with an inner diameter of 1.3 cm and six sound holes. It is approximately 14 cm from the top of the mouthpiece to the sixth tone hole. The distance between each sound hole is basically the same.
There are no strict requirements for the popular Dong flute. Generally, the keys of D, E and F are more commonly used. The sound range of each Dong flute is about 10-12 degrees.
When playing the Dong flute, one usually uses one breath to the end - the "cheek puffing method", which is where it becomes difficult. Other playing techniques are not difficult to master. As long as you have the skills to play the flute, you will be quite competent when applying it to the Dong flute.
Yuping flute is produced in Yuping Dong Autonomous County, Guizhou. Made from local small water bamboo. The body of the flute is oval, and its surface is engraved with images of landscapes, flowers, plants, birds, animals, insects, fish, or poems, with exquisite craftsmanship. The pair of male and female flutes is more famous. The male flute has a slightly thicker tube with "Tenglong" engraved on it; the female flute has a slightly thinner tube with bright pronunciation and "Caifeng" engraved on it. This kind of dragon and phoenix playing flute is quite unique in its craftsmanship.