1. Mozart’s famous comedy operas "The Marriage of Figaro", "Don Giovanni" and "Così fan tutte"

2. The representative and representative work of Italian realist opera at the end of the 19th century, Ma Scarni's "Cavalier Rusticana" and Leoncavallo's "Pagliacci". Puccini's operas have the characteristics of realist operas, but go beyond realist operas. His representative works are "Madama Butterfly", "Tosca", "The Artist's Life", "La Western" and "Turandot"

3. Wagner's works: "Rienzi", "The Flying Dutchman", "Tanh?user", "Meistersinger of Nuremberg", "Tristan und Isolde", "Nicholas" The Ring of Belongen" and "Parsifal".

4. French composer Berlioz’s “Symphonie Fantastique” pioneered romantic title symphony music. Liszt established the single-movement musical genre of "symphonic poetry" and opened up a new artistic world for title music.

5. Beethoven's Third, Fifth, Sixth and Ninth Symphonies are "Hero", "Destiny", "Pastoral" and "Chorus" respectively, as well as the overture of "Egmont", the opera "Fideli" Austria"

6, National Music School

The important representative of the two Nordic countries is Grieg of Norway, whose representative works are the 10-volume piano solo "Lyric Music" and "Peer King" "Special" suite. There is also Finland's Sibelius, whose masterpiece "Ode to Finland".

The representative of the Czech national music school is Smetana, whose representative works are the symphonic poem suite "My Motherland" and the opera "The Betrayed Bride". He is known as the "Father of New Czech Music" ". There is also Dvozak, whose representative works are the Ninth Symphony "From the New World" and 16 "Slavic Dances" etc.

Glinka, the founder of the Russian national music school, is known as the "Father of Russian Music". Representative works: two operas "Ivan Susanin" and "Ruslan and Lyudmila". The orchestral piece "Madrid Nights" and the fantasy "Kamalinskaya". Since then, the five composers of the "Powerful Group": Balakirev, Borodin, Guy, Mussorgsky and Rimsky-Korsakov have formed a vibrant force in the music industry. Borodin's symphonic music painting "On the Steppes of Central Asia", Mussorgsky's piano piece "Pictures at an Exhibition", Rimsky Korsakov's orchestral piece "Arabian Nights"

Representative of the Hungarian National Music School: Ekel. Representative of the Polish National Music School: Moniuszko.

7. An important representative of late Romantic music in Germany is Richard Strauss, a pioneer of German music in the 20th century. Operas "Salome", "Electra", "Den Rosenkavalier", etc. The tone poems "Death and Purification", "Don Juan", "Thus Spoke Chathustra", etc. An important representative of Austria is Mahler, who completed nine symphonies and a large-scale symphonic vocal suite "Song of the Earth" in his lifetime, as well as a large number of art songs. An important representative of Russia is Rachmaninov, who composed four piano concertos, three operas, three symphonies, the symphonic poem "Island of the Dead", 24 preludes and a large number of piano solos, chamber music and vocal music.

8. Opera originated in Florence, Italy in the early 17th century. Early Italian opera works include "Daphne" and "Euridice". Venetian opera has an important representative composer Monteverdi. The main representative composer of Neapolitan opera (Naples Opera) is Alexander Scarlatti. He created the "return aria" and the "fast-slow-fast" form of the Italian opera overture (the prototype of the symphony). French opera representative Lully proposed the "slow-fast-slow" overture style. British opera developed from "masquerade". The composer is Purcell, whose representative works include "Didon and Ini".

9. French opera in the 19th century

Grand opera: representative figures and works: Meyerbeer's "Robert the Devil".

Comic opera: It originated in the 18th century and is a comedy and satire with dialogue and popular songs. From the 1850s to the 1860s, French comic opera developed into light opera (operetta). Representative figures and works: Offenbach's "Heaven and Hell", "Beautiful Helena", "Life in Paris".

Lyric opera: It is the result of continued development on the basis of fun opera in the mid-19th century. It is a genre between comic opera and grand opera. It draws mostly from romantic literary masterpieces and focuses on describing the lives and thoughts of ordinary people. Representative figures and works: Gounod's "Faust".

10. The "Three Masters" of Italian opera during the Romantic period of the 19th century were Rossini, Donizetti and Bellini

Rossini's masterpiece: the comic opera "Seville" "The Barber", the opera "William Tell"

Bellini's representative works: "The Somnambulist" and "The Puritan".

Donizetti’s representative works: the comic opera "Elegant Love" and the serious opera "Lucia di Lammermoor".

11. Schumann’s creations mainly include: 4 symphonies, concertos, chamber music, piano music, vocal suites, etc. What is important are his piano music (such as the piano suite "Childhood Scenes") and art songs (such as "Songbook", "Poet's Love" and other suites).

In 12, Brahms composed four symphonies, variations on a theme by Haydn, the Academy Festival Overture, and 24 Hungarian dances. Piano works include Variations and Fugues on a Theme of Handel, Variations on a Theme of Paganini, Variations on a Theme of Schumann, etc.

In 13, Tchaikovsky composed 7 symphonies (including the title symphony "Manfred"), of which the Sixth Symphony "Pathétique" is the most famous. The most outstanding of the 11 operas are "Eugene Onegin" and "The Queen of Spades". 3 dance dramas: "Swan Lake", "Sleeping Beauty", and "The Nutcracker". Fantasy Overture "Romeo and Juliet", "1812 Overture", "Italian Capriccio"