Symphony, concerto, suite, overture, symphonic poem and other genres of music can be collectively called "symphonic music" and are performed by a symphony orchestra. The symphony band, also known as the orchestra, was formed in Europe in the mid-18th century. It includes four groups of instruments - string instruments (53 people), woodwind instruments (16 people), brass instruments (12 people), and percussion instruments (3 to 4 people). ).

String instruments are the band within the band and can be performed individually in the form of a string band. The string orchestra includes:

The violin is divided into two parts: first violin and second violin. The former is often used to play themes in music. The violin is an instrument with the highest alto range and rich expressive power of a string instrument. It is elegant, deep, passionate and resolute at the same time.

The viola is slightly larger than the violin and has a slightly darker timbre, giving people a soft and obscure feeling. It is mainly used for accompaniment, serving as the alto part of the string ensemble, and occasionally as a soloist.

The cello is larger than the viola, the music is beautiful and profound, and it is good at expressing sincere and warm feelings.

The double bass is the largest in size and is as tall as a human being. It needs to be played standing up. It is the instrument with the lowest mid-range in the string orchestra and is also the foundation of the entire symphony orchestra - the deepest bass part, which can make The rhythm of the music is firm and prominent, and the tone is low and murky.

The harp is an ancient instrument played by plucking the strings with both hands. It has a bright and clear tone and is good at playing chords. It is used to express the artistic conception of rippling water.

Woodwind instruments are another family in the symphony orchestra, and each member has a very rich and diverse color.

The sound of the flute is crystal clear, as crisp as a silver bell, soft, elegant and passionate. It is often used to imitate the song of a nightingale or depict the scenery of nature.

The piccolo is one octave higher than the flute. It is a decorative instrument with the highest alto range in the symphony orchestra. It has a sharp sound and is often used to depict scenes of marching armies or howling winds.

The oboe has a bright and fresh tone, and is good at expressing gentle and sincere feelings. Therefore, some people say it is "a glimmer of hope in the dark clouds of pain." We can hear the wonderful oboe solo passage in the "Morning Song" of the first suite of Grieg's "Peer Gynt" .

The timbre of the English horn is slightly darker than that of the oboe. It has a meditative mood and gives people a feeling of melancholy and loneliness. It is most vividly used to describe the emotions of looking back on the present and recalling the past.

The clarinet is both gentle and warm, and is best at revealing the hidden deep feelings in people's hearts. There is also a bass clarinet with a dark and slightly mysterious tone.

The bassoon is quite colorful, but seems bulkier. It is known as the "little old man" and is good at expressing joking and sarcastic emotions. For example, the theme of the interlude in the second act of Bizet's opera "Carmen" is played on the bassoon.

The power of brass instruments exceeds that of woodwinds and string instruments combined, and is an indispensable instrument when it is necessary to show the power of the band. Brass instruments include:

French horn is the gentlest and most poetic brass instrument. Its tone is sweet and charming, and it can often bring a sense of tenderness and nostalgia to the audience.

The sound of the trumpet is exciting and loud, with a golden color, and is good at expressing the call to battle, the advance of the army, and the scenes of victory and triumph. In "Thus Spoke Zarathustra" it outlines the magnificent scene of a red sun gushing out.

The trombone is mainly used for accompaniment, giving people a severe and cold feeling, but if it controls its power, it can also become gentle and emotional.

The bass part of the large brass instrument group has a serious and heavy sound. If used exaggeratedly, it can also make people feel funny and ridiculous. In his "Night on Barren Mountain", Mussorgsky used tubas and trombones to play eerie tones, symbolizing the image of the "Lord of Darkness" being sacrificed by demons.

Percussion instruments include:

Timpani. Symphony orchestras usually use a set (3 to 4) of timpani with different pitches. They can imitate the sound of distant thunder or display the power of a band during full playing.

Triangular iron, a triangular steel bar, is struck with a metal rod to make a crisp sound. It can make the orchestra's sound more elegant and beautiful.

The bass drum can be used to imitate the turbulence of the waves and the roar of cannons, or to create a warm atmosphere.

The snare drum is used to add rhythm to the music.

In addition, percussion instruments also include tambourines, castanets, cymbals, gongs, bells, glockenspiel, xylophone, celesta, etc.

my country’s national instrumental music has a long history. In ancient times, instrumental music performance was combined with singing and dancing. Historical records say: "Hey! I hit the stone and pulled the stone, and the beasts danced." In the huge music and dance of the Sui and Tang Dynasties, there was a purely instrumental part called "Sanxu". In the Wei Dynasty, there was a "Xianghe Song": "Xianghe is also an old song of the Han Dynasty. Silk and bamboo are more harmonious, and the executive sings." The singer sings and plays percussion instruments with the accompaniment of silk and bamboo, which is similar to the current Henan pendants and northern drums. The rap form is similar. By the Song Dynasty, as the art of rap became more and more mature, gongs, drums and instrumental music accompaniment to folk songs and dances continued to emerge. In order to calm down before the performance, instrumental music such as "Qi Ban" and "Ba Ban" were often played first. Through the Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties, gongs, drums and some tunes in the art of opera have become increasingly perfect. Among them, such as "General's Order", "Deep Night", "Nao Tai", etc. are often performed as purely instrumental music. In the development process of national instrumental music, some vocal music and dance music passed down from past dynasties have been continuously processed into instrumental music and developed into independent instrumental music.

Purely instrumental music performance and creation activities have also flourished in ancient my country. "Warring States Policy" contains: "Linzi is very prosperous and rich, and its people all play the yu, drums, zithers, build buildings, and play the harp." This shows the extensive folk instrumental music activities at that time. The story of "Bo Ya Gu Qin met a close friend" shows that the art of guqin has been highly developed more than 2,000 years ago. Today's famous guqin music "Guangling San" and "Three Plum Blossoms" were produced in the late Han, Wei and Jin Dynasties. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, many pipa players were recorded in historical records. From Bai Juyi's "Pipa Xing" we can get a glimpse of the achievements of pipa performance in the Tang Dynasty. After the Song Dynasty, pure instrumental music performances included "Xi Yue", "Qing Yue", "Small Instruments" and "Drum Board". Today's popular folk ensembles such as "Silk and Bamboo", "Xian Shi", "Drum Music", "Chuida", "Shiban Luo and Drum" and various ensemble and solo forms are all developments of traditional national instrumental music forms.

The main instruments that we commonly use to play national music are: flute, suona, sheng, Xiao, Gaohu, erhu, Jinghu, Banhu, Zhonghu, Liuqin, Yueqin, Sanxian, Yangqin, Pipa, Zheng , guqin, Chinese gong, etc. Common genres of national instrumental music include:

Solo music such as flute solo, pena solo, erhu solo, pipa solo, etc. Famous flute solos in my country include "The Good News" and "Raising the Whip to Urge the Horses to Transport Food"; the suona solo "A Hundred Birds Pay Attention to the Phoenix"; the erhu solo "The Moon Reflected in Two Springs" and "The Birds on the Empty Mountain"; the pipa solo "Ten "Ambush", "The Overlord Removes His Armor", "Big Waves on the Sand", etc.

The ensemble pieces include the flute duet "Double Phoenix", the zheng, gaohu and dulcimer trio "Spring is Coming", the string quintet "Happy Night", etc.

Ensemble: my country's folk music ensembles are divided into the following types:

Guangdong music: Silk and bamboo music popular in Guangdong. The early band consisted of two strings, fiddle, flute, yueqin and three strings. Later, influenced by Jiangnan silk and bamboo, Gaohu was used as the main instrument, supplemented by Yangqin and Qinqin. Guangdong music has crisp and bright timbres, smooth and graceful tunes, and lively and lively rhythms. There are popular and excellent traditional music such as "Rain Beats the Plantains", "Thunder in the Dry Sky", "Double Sound of Hate", "Dragon Race to Win the Gold", and "Birds Throwing into the Forest".

Jiangnan Silk and Bamboo: Silk and bamboo music popular in southern Jiangsu and Zhejiang, with the Shanghai area being the most distinctive and influential. The style of Jiangnan Sizhu music is fresh and beautiful, the tunes are smooth, euphemistic and full of sentiment. The famous music pieces include "Happy Song", "Yunqing", "Walking Street", "Sanliu", "Slow Sanliu", "Zhonghua Liu", "Slow Liuban" and "Sihe Ruyi".

Fujian Nanqu: Also known as "Nanyin" or "Xianguan", it has elegant and simple tunes. It is a kind of folk music with a long history. The most famous ones are: "Four Seasons", "Plum Blossom Exercise" and " "Eight Horses" and "Birds Returning to their Nest". The band is composed of dongxiao, erxian, pipa, sanxian, clapper, suona, xingzhan, brass bells, flat drum and other musical instruments.

Percussion music: spread all over the country and has a long history. Band combinations can be divided into coarse-blown gongs and drums (composed of suona and other wind instruments and percussion instruments), fine-blown gongs and drums (composed of silk and bamboo instruments and percussion instruments), and comprehensive wind and percussion bands (a combination of coarse-blown gongs and drums and fine-blown gongs and drums). The wind and percussion music has a strong sound and a rough playing style, and is good at expressing bold and majestic, magnificent scenes, passionate emotions, and lively and lively tastes. Such as the music "General's Order", "Great Victory" and "Little Donkey Herding".

Eastern Zhejiang Gongs and Drums: Popular in eastern Zhejiang, one person plays multi-faceted gongs or drums with rich colors and complex techniques, which is loved by people.

Chaozhou gongs and drums: percussion music popular in Chao'an and Shantou areas of Guangdong. The band uses unique instruments such as gongs, deep pits, gongs, suonas, and two strings, making the band unique in color. Traditional music includes "Double Biting Goose" and "Throwing Nets to Fish".

Hebei Chuangge: popular folk wind and percussion music in Hebei. It mainly uses wind instruments, and its repertoire is mostly folk songs and opera arias. Its performance form is lively and lively, and the music style is fresh and vigorous, rich in local color.

In addition to traditional instrumental music, many modern and contemporary ethnic orchestral works in my country inherit the tradition of ethnic music, introduce new ones, and are deeply loved by the people, reflecting the unique charm of China's long civilization. "Dance of the Golden Snake", "Spring Dawn on the Green Lake", "Colorful Clouds Chasing the Moon", "Blissful", "Beautiful Flowers and Full Moon" and "Spring River with Flowers and Moonlight Night" can be called the masterpieces of Chinese music. In particular, the national wind music "Spring River Flower Moonlight Night" adapted from the pipa song "Xunyang Night Moon" is deeply cherished by descendants of the Yan and Huang Dynasties at home and abroad. With its euphemistic and simple melody, smooth and changeable rhythm, ingenious and delicate orchestration, and meticulous performance, the music vividly depicts the charming scenery of the Spring River on a moonlit night, and fully praises the elegance and uniqueness of the water towns in the south of the Yangtze River. The whole song is like a long landscape scroll with fine brushwork, soft colors, elegance and elegance, which is fascinating.

Answer: jiangxiningdu - Manager Level 4 9-26 02:17

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[Music Basics] Classification of musical instruments Tuesday, December 26, 2006 04:24 PM Classification of musical instruments

Due to the different materials, textures and properties of musical instruments, they are divided into four major categories

Stringed instruments: stringed instruments, plucked instruments, and percussion instruments

Woodwind instruments

Copper Wind instruments

Percussion instruments: fixed pitch, no fixed pitch

String instruments

String instruments: sound produced by the bow rubbing the strings

Violin

Viola

Cello

Double Bass

Plucked string instrument: A plucked string instrument that vibrates and produces sound

Guitar

Harp

Percussion instrument: strings are struck with mallets to produce sound - piano

Stringed instrument

Orchestral music The string-fried instruments include all instruments that use a bow to rub the strings when playing and produce sound due to vibration. The pitch of the note is produced by pressing the strings on the fingerboard with the fingers of the left hand. In order to make the sound or sound good, and to match the different performances of each part, different woods must be selected. The string section is the largest among the four major categories of orchestral music, and it often plays the most important part in the music when performing.

Q: The relationship between pitch and the length and thickness of the strings

The structure of the violin

From the surface, a violin is in the shape of a horned gourd. A wooden box with a pair of F-shaped holes on the top, the viola is the same except that it is slightly larger than the violin. They all have a cheek rest to hold the instrument tightly while playing. The volume of the cello is about two and a half times larger than the violin, but its sides are about four times higher than the violin. It has no chin rest. But there is a pillar that can be removed or retracted into the belly of the piano when not in use.

Bow

The bow is a tool that makes a stringed instrument produce sound. The shape of the bow evolved from the bow used for hunting in ancient times. The bow is slightly curved and usually has white horsetail as the bow hair. The hair is coated with hard rosin and then rubbed against the strings to vibrate and produce sound.

The quality of the bow also determines the tone of the performance. The bow is about 75 centimeters long. The bow hairs made of horsetail are tightly tied to the two ends of the wooden bow pole. The number of hairs required for a bow is about 130 to 250. The performer uses Use different playing techniques to express rich timbres.

How to play a stringed instrument?

Strung instruments are usually played with a bow. When playing, it is like holding a bow to "saw" the instrument. Hold the bow rod in one hand, and then rub the strings back and forth with the bow hair to make a sound. At this time, the bow and the strings on the instrument are close to each other. vertical angle. In addition to the roughly same principle of playing, the methods of holding the instrument are different. Because the violin and viola are relatively small, the violin is directly held between the left jaw and left shoulder whether standing or sitting when playing. The cello can only be played while seated, between the open legs. Because the double bass is so big, no matter whether sitting (on a high chair) or standing, the player must press the strings with his left hand behind the instrument and hold the bow with his right hand.

Stringed instruments can also be played with fingers like guitars and other plucked string instruments. The sound produced is very different from that played with a bow, but this method of playing is less commonly used. This technique is called Pizzicato.

Stringed instrument: Violin

The violin is the most important orchestral instrument, with a total length of about 60 cm. The violin can produce very perfect sound quality, whether it is a delicate sound or a brilliant sound, it can be produced at will. This soft and light instrument has always been favored by many composers. The four strings of the violin are tuned to the heights of G, D, A, and E at height intervals. The G string produces the deepest sound, and the E string produces the high, glorious sound. The bow is about 75 cm long.

In orchestral music, violins are divided into the first and second groups. Each group has its own part (Part) that should be played. No matter which group of parts, in the overall sound of the orchestra , all occupy an important position. The first violin is to the left of the conductor, and the violinist on the far right is the "lead performer". He often serves as the conductor's assistant, is also responsible for playing the violin solo part in orchestral music, and is also the concertmaster of the violin section.

Stringed instrument: viola

In the violin family, the viola was the first to appear. The viola is slightly larger than the violin, with a total length of about 66 centimeters. Each of the four strings is tuned a fifth lower than the violin. The sound is elegant and quiet, but dull, like a nasal sound. In the seventeenth century, the viola was only used occasionally, either to accompany and emphasize the bass or to fill in the harmony. It was not until the eighteenth century that it slowly began to be used as a solo instrument. Its four strings are tuned to CGDA, and its playing techniques are the same as those of a violin. Due to its lower range, the left hand has larger pitch movements on the fretboard. The bows of the viola and violin are about the same length, but the bow of the viola is heavier overall.

Stringed instrument: cello

The cello is about twice as long as the violin, with a total length of about 120 centimeters. When played, it is sandwiched between the legs, and the lower end is supported by a foot stick. It has a wide range of sounds, can produce a deeper sound than the viola, and can produce very glorious and beautiful high notes. The strings are thick and about twice as long as the violin. The bow is short and heavy, about 73 centimeters long, and is not as graceful as a violin bow. The strings are tuned to C, G, D and A, which are an octave lower than the viola. The cello is not as bright and lively as the violin, but its sound quality is quite soft and beautiful, which just provides the deep range of the orchestra. Among stringed instruments, except for the violin, the cello has the most opportunities to play the solo part.

Stringed instrument: double bass

The double bass is the lowest and largest instrument in the violin family, with a total length of about 200 centimeters. The player must stand to play, and the four strings are tuned separately. It is EADG, the tone is solemn and deep, and the bow is about 68~70 cm long. The performance technique is less flexible than other bowed string instruments due to the limitations of the instrument structure.

The double bass is a bit monotonous when used as a solo player, but once it is added to an ensemble, it makes the entire ensemble produce a rich sound and three-dimensional effect, thus becoming the basis of all types of ensembles such as orchestral music, chamber music, and jazz.

Plucked string instrument: Guitar

The guitar is commonly known as the six-stringed harp, and the tuning of the six strings is EADGBE. There are 18-20 fixed frets on the fingerboard of the guitar, and each fret is a semitone apart. When playing, place the guitar between your right knee and left thigh, and pluck the strings with the fingers of your right hand. You can also use Pick to play (less commonly used on classical guitars). The guitar has a soft and lively tone and is easy to carry. It has been deeply loved by young people in modern times and has become an indispensable instrument in the pop music industry.

Plucked string instrument: harp

The harp is one of the oldest musical instruments in history. Its pronunciation is produced by plucking the strings with your fingers to vibrate. Today, the harp with double pedals is the standard. type, usually 47 strings. All C strings are red, and all F strings are blue. The piano platform is equipped with seven pedals, which can play semitones. The performer uses these seven pedals and each string to produce beautiful, smooth, and dreamy tones. It can display lyrical or gorgeous characteristics when playing solo; but in ensembles, it is mostly used as a decorative instrument.

Percussion Instrument: Piano

The piano is a percussion instrument. The piano, which can play harmony and polyphonic music, and plays solo, ensemble and concerto roles, is very popular among people, so it is known as the "King of Instruments". The piano has 88 keys tuned to standard equal temperament. Pianos produce sound by striking the strings with felt-wrapped hammers. When playing the piano, press the key with your finger, and the other end of the key will push up the corresponding part of the action, causing the hammer to strike the strings and make a sound. When the finger is lifted, the sound stopper on the action stops the sound.

Piano Pedal

Right:

The sustain pedal allows the sound to continue to sound after the key returns.

Middle:

The sustain pedal can extend specific notes.

Left:

The soft pedal makes the sound weaker and lacks ringing.

Woodwind instruments

Tubular wind instruments made of wood, called woodwind instruments, referred to as woodwinds, rely on the vibration of air columns created in the tube to produce sound. After modified metal or other The material is not necessarily limited to wood. Depending on the number of reeds in its structure, it can be divided into three categories~

One: No reed (flute, piccolo)

Two: Single Reed (clarinet, saxophone)

Three: Double reed (oboe, bassoon)

Q: The relationship between pitch and the length and thickness of the pipe

No reed Woodwind Instruments: Flute & Piccolo

The flute is a very elegant instrument. Most flutes nowadays are made of metal, and wooden instruments are rarely used. They are silvery white in color. The entire tube is divided into a mouthpiece tube, a body tube, The tail pipe has three parts. When playing, hold the flute horizontally with your hands and blow air into the mouthpiece, allowing the air column in the cavity to vibrate freely without the help of any reeds, so that the flute emits a soft, bright and clear tone. In addition to controlling breathing, it can also Use tongue playing and overtones to enhance the changes in timbre. Its vocal range is about three octaves. The structure of the piccolo is similar to that of the flute. It is only half the length of the flute. Its pronunciation is an octave higher than that of the flute. Its playing skills are the same as those of the flute.

Clarine woodwind instrument: clarinet

The clarinet is also called the recorder, commonly known as the clarinet. The mouthpiece has a reed. When air is blown into the mouthpiece, the reed will cause the pipe to The air column in the cavity vibrates and produces sound.

Single reed woodwind instrument: saxophone

Saxophone, made of metal, has a cone shape inside, the end opening expands into a trumpet shape, and curves upward, but its structure is composed of a bass It changed from vertical to vertical, so it is still classified as a woodwind instrument. The structure is divided into mouthpiece, mouthpiece and body. The saxophone has a lazy, full and thick tone, between woodwind instruments and brass instruments. It is currently widely used in military bands and jazz music.

Double reed woodwind instrument: oboe

The oboe is very similar in shape to the recorder, conical in shape, with three parts; the upper tube, the lower tube and the bell mouth, with two pieces at the upper end The reed is inserted directly into the body of the pipe, and the player must learn how to effectively control his breathing. It is the most difficult instrument to change the temperament among woodwind instruments. Its timbre is sweet, slightly sharp and delicate. Although it is not as brisk as the flute, its nasal-like sound has a unique pastoral flavor.

Double-reed woodwind instrument: Bassoon

The bassoon, commonly known as the bassoon, is a cone-shaped double-reed instrument. The total length of the tube is 2.6 meters, but it is divided into two sections. They are combined to form a bundle of tubes, so the overall length is only 1.4 meters. The player needs to hang the instrument around his neck to play. The playing method is similar to the oboe, but the tone is deeper. Therefore, some people call the bassoon the cello among woodwind instruments. Its colorful and slightly humorous tones also give it the title of " "Clown in the Symphony Orchestra".

Brass instruments

As the name suggests, they are musical instruments made of copper metal. They do not use reeds, but use their lips to vibrate the air to produce sound. The musical instrument is composed of a mouthpiece, a sound pipe and a loudspeaker pipe. They have some different characteristics and use the length of the pipe and the change of overtones to produce different pitches. And the volume changes greatly.

In the symphony orchestra, there are mainly trumpets, French horns, trombones and euphoniums.

Brass Instrument: Trumpet

The trumpet, also commonly known as the trumpet, is a thin cylindrical tube made of metal that expands at the end of a quarter of the length. It becomes a trumpet with three piston devices. When playing, press the piston with the index finger, middle finger, and ring finger of your right hand, and use your left hand to help support the instrument. Its tone is majestic and loud, and can be regarded as the soprano among brass instruments. It is an important instrument in symphony orchestras and military bands, and is good at playing the main melody in the ensemble. Due to the variety of timbres of the trumpet, it has been favored by pop music and jazz in modern times.

Brass Instrument: French Horn

The French horn is an alto brass instrument, with a long tube coiled into a circle, and the tail expanded into a funnel-shaped bell. musical instruments. Its range is lower than that of the trumpet, and it has the widest range among brass instruments. The sound of the French horn is gentle, honest and elegant. The French horn has three valves. When playing, use the index finger, middle finger, and ring finger of your left hand to press the valve, and your right hand to help support the instrument.

Brass Instrument: Trombone

It is the only brass instrument that does not rely on keys but uses a telescopic tube to play back and forth, so it is also called telescopic trombone or telescopic horn. When playing, the right hand is used to pull the sound pipe back and forth, and then the sound is controlled by the breath. Portamento is one of the trombone's colors, which can add a lot of color to the ensemble. The length of the trombone is about twice that of the trumpet. Its timbre is broader and more solemn, like a tenor's timbre in a male voice.

Brass Instruments: Euphonium

The euphonium is also called the tuba, commonly known as the tuba. It is the lowest brass instrument and the largest. The euphonium is conical in shape, with a large trumpet-shaped opening at the bottom. The pronunciation tube is long and slightly slow, and it consumes a lot of air when playing. It plays the lowest part in wind music and combines with the trombone to form a solid bass. It is an indispensable role in the orchestra, and its tone is full and stable.

Percussion instruments

Percussion instruments are the general term for musical instruments that make sounds by percussion. Percussion instruments can be divided into two categories:

Percussion instruments with fixed pitch:

Timpani, xylophone, and iron piano

Percussion instruments without fixed pitch:

Big drum, small drum, tambourine, triangle

There is a fixed pitch percussion instrument: timpani

The timpani is composed of a hemispherical drum body and drum skin. The leather surface is fixed by a wooden ring and then covered with a metal ring. The tightness of the leather surface can be adjusted with several screws. The player uses this to adjust the pitch of the timpani. Modern timpani use pedals to control the pitch, and even pedals can be used to create a slide effect. Timpani are usually played in groups of two or more. When playing, they use two wooden sticks with felts on the front. The commonly used basic playing methods include solo and rolling.

There are fixed-pitch percussion instruments: xylophone and tellophone

These two instruments are polyphonic instruments composed of wood pieces and metal pieces of different lengths. Same as the keyboard of a piano. There is a syringe under each key, with a range ranging from three to five octaves. It is played with a wire-wrapped rattan stick and a keelbone with a pedal to extend or stop the sound. The xylophone has a milder tone and is struck with a wire-wrapped hammer. The tone varies depending on the material of the hammer head, including wood, rubber, and felt. Its tone is beautiful and unique. The iron piano has a light and crisp sound.

Percussion instrument with no fixed pitch: bass drum

The bass drum, also known as the snare drum, is the largest bass drum in orchestral music, with a diameter ranging from 55 to 80 centimeters, and a wooden body. There are two types: made of metal (in the shape of a hollow roller), with animal skins stretched tightly on top. The playing methods include single tapping and rolling (the bass drum needs to be tilted when rolling). It is usually played with a single mallet. The bass drum is characterized by its deep tone, so it becomes the bass background rhythm instrument of the band. It is also often used in Create musical effects, such as happy and exciting sounds or simulate thunder and cannon sounds, etc. The bass drum has a long lingering sound, and the player needs to control the length of the sound effect according to the needs of the music.

Percussion instrument without fixed pitch: snare drum

The snare drum is also called the snare drum. Its structure is similar to the big drum. The drum body is barrel-shaped and the drum head is also made of animal skin. It is equipped with a set of springs that can adjust the tone at the bottom of the drum. If the spring is tightened, the tone will be crisp and clear; if the spring is relaxed, the tone will become dull and dim; there is another way to change the tone, which is to tie a sounding wire to another drum surface and hit it with a wooden stick. Hit the other side to make a special rustling sound. Makes the sound slightly scratchy and hazy. When playing, two hardwood drumsticks are usually used. In dance music rhythms, steel wire hammers are often used to enhance the rhythmic effect. The snare drum, like the big drum, is also often used to create effects. The snare drum's loud and penetrating tone is its greatest feature, and it is a regular instrument in orchestras and military bands.

Non-fixed pitch percussion instrument: Tambourine

Tambourine, a single-sided leather drum with a wooden frame and many small metal pieces attached to the frame. Play directly. The sound is crisp and clear, and there are many ways to play it. The most common one is to hold the tambourine in your left hand and strike the drum surface with your right hand.

Percussion instrument without fixed pitch: triangle iron

Triangle iron is mainly made of a steel bar folded into a triangle. There are two types of large and small: the large one has a slightly darker tone, and the small one has a darker tone. The sound is high and crisp. When playing, a metal mallet is used to hit the triangle to produce sound.

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