There are four ways to sing Gregorian hymns: solo (less), chorus, alternate singing (alternate hymn) and response singing (response hymn). The content of singing is mainly chanting, praying and singing in worship, just like recitation and aria in opera. The former is half-singing and half-speaking, like a monk chanting, while the latter has a slightly stronger sense of melody and highlights the sense of solemnity. Gregorian chant melody can be divided into three types according to the combination of lyrics and singing: syllabic style-one word for one sound; Neumatic style-one word for one Neumatic symbol (polyphony); Melismatic style-one word for several sounds, highlighting the "flowery singing". The following important Gregorian chant music forms reflect these three music types:
psalm tone: the oldest and most primitive chant melody, with the contents of Bible? Among the 15 poems in the Old Testament, the metrical rules are not strict, and each sentence has different lengths. Only the upper and lower sentences have a framework of one section, which is dominated by smooth and even homophony repetition, and belongs to "syllable-type" chants. Its forms basically include the introduction of "Qi" (only used in the first stanza), intonation (homophony repeated sound, singing a stanza or sentence quickly), middle "Zhuan" (semi-termination) and ending "He" (which is the most melodious part of the heart).
antiphon: Originally, it was a way of chanting poems. The upper and lower sentences of each verse of the poem were sung alternately by two choirs, and later this alternate part became an "alternate hymn" independently, which belonged to a "Newham-style" hymn.
responsory chant: it is the most artistic form of Gregorian chant. Like alternate hymns, it originally refers to the singing form-the soloist leads a poem, and then the choir repeats the first half of the poem. After that, the choir chose other contents as lyrics, and the melody became more and more fancy, becoming a unique' response department'. It belongs to the "flower-singing" chant.
hymn (hymn): it is the only poetic form in the early Gregorian chants, and it belongs to "syllable form", with strict meter.
canticle: similar to the melody of the poem, but the lyrics are other contents in the Bible, and the melody is slightly decorative.
versicle: sung in response, except for the poem.
"joys and sorrows" is an eternal theme throughout the ages. "Where to wake up tonight? Yang Liuan and Xiaofeng's waning moon "is the sadness of separation," Advise you to have a glass of wine, and go out to Yangguan for no reason "is the consolation to your friends," and yet, while China holds our friendship and and heaven remains our neighbourhood "is the treasure of friendship," willow leaves every year, and Baling is sad about parting, "Jinling disciples come to see you off, and and as each of them drains his cup, I say to him in parting" is the anguish of parting ... in China classicism. After the May 4th Movement, poems expressing feelings of separation and resentment are still flourishing, and excellent works are in full swing. Among them, the campus song "Farewell" written by Mr. Li Shutong is particularly popular, popular all over the world and enduring for a long time. Li Shutong (188-1942) was known as Hongyi. He is versatile, integrating poetry, ci, calligraphy and painting, seal cutting, music, drama and literature. He is not only a generation of eminent monks, but also a talented music and art educator, calligrapher and drama activist. Modern cultural celebrities such as Lu Xun and Guo Moruo take it as their greatest honor to get a picture of a master. With his outstanding artistic attainments, he has successively trained famous painters such as Feng Zikai and musician Liu Zhiping. Farewell was written in 195 by Li Shutong when he was studying in Japan.
From the overall structure, Farewell is very similar to an ancient word (kind of poem) with three paragraphs, one of which is the same as the other.
the first section focuses on the farewell environment. The author selected eight typical images, such as "Changting", "Ancient Road", "Fangcao", "Evening Wind", "Twilight", "Weak Willow", "Broken Flute" and "Sunset", to render the parting scene. The "Long Pavilion" and "Ancient Road" are places to write farewell, which reminds us of countless farewells in the history of literature, such as Liu Yong's "Chilling, Late for the Long Pavilion, Early Rest in the Torrential Rain" and Bai Juyi's "sweet they press on the old high-road, and reach the crumbling city-gate". O Prince of Friends, you are gone again, I hear them sighing after you "and so on. "fragrant grass" is a metaphor for leaving love, such as "Chu ci?" In "Recruit Hermits", there is "Wang Sun swims and never returns, and the grass grows and grows". "Night breeze blowing willow" implies farewell, and "willow" is homophonic with "staying", which conveys feelings of resentment and nostalgia. Such as The Book of Songs? Picking the eu: "I used to go, and the willows were reluctant; Today I think about it, it's raining. " Dai Shulun's "Willow on the Dike": "There are ten thousand strands of weeping willows, and spring comes to weave and leave." "Mountain beyond the mountain" means far apart. And all these parting feelings are shrouded in the "sunset" in a specific time, which only makes people feel the warmth of friendship, the warmth of the setting sun and the warmth of the evening breeze; Warm and lingering.
The second section focuses on the mood of sending others away, which is the climax of the whole song. Through "Tianya", "Dijiao", "intimate friend", "scattered", "turbid wine", "night parting" and "dream leaving", we appeal to the senses, touch the heartstrings and lure you to taste. Farewell, of course, will give birth to many feelings from the heart! "The days are short, and the corners of the earth are scattered." Life is only a few decades. How many people can you know? Goodbye and when? How many people can be together? Those who are ecstasy, but don't. "A glass of turbid wine makes me happy", which is really a kind of helpless sadness. When friends can get together when we leave the wine and "drink it all"? Finally, in the interweaving of time and space, the author sums up the whole article with the present tense "Farewell to Meng Han tonight". Emotionally speaking, the reunion in the dream takes care of the above-mentioned "mountain beyond the mountain", and rhythmically speaking, it is repeated emphasis, but this repeated emphasis is a further miss, and only acacia dreams frequently.
the third section is the overlap of the first section, which further sets off the atmosphere of separation, and is the strengthening of images and the repetition of phonology. Among them, the phrase "the evening breeze blows the willow flute, and the sunset is beyond the mountains" goes on and on, which cooperates with the melody of the loop, forming a kind of loop beauty and deepening the parting of feelings that is haunted by dreams.
There are three sections in the whole word, including beginning, opening and closing; Stick to the theme, create a fascinating artistic conception, full of helplessness to life. "All scenery words are sentimental words" (Wang Guowei's words), long pavilions, ancient roads, fragrant grass, evening breeze, sunset ... The scenery remains the same, and people feel sad when they are away. Its aesthetic effect reverberates in the silence of "Drinking Meng Han". The whole word describes such a scene for us: in the sunset, the mountains are connected, and the green grass is endless; Nearby, the pavilion, the ancient road, the breeze blowing gently, the willows weeping, and the farewell clarinet sorrowful. A pair of intimate friends are just around the corner, and both sides have infinite sadness at the thought of being far apart from each other. They picked up their glasses and wanted to borrow some wine for their last pleasure. Drunk and dreaming of parting, we left each other an unforgettable scene of "the evening breeze blows the willows" and "the sunset is in the mountains" in our memory!
The whole song "Farewell" is graceful and graceful, fresh and elegant, sincere and tender. The length of the lyrics is uneven and the sentence patterns are full of changes. The melody of the song "Travel Sorrow", which was very popular in Japan at that time, was borrowed from the melody of "Dreaming of Home and Mother" by American artist John P. Odway. Li Shutong people bottled their own wine and wrote a campus song with a strong poetic flavor of China. That kind of infatuation, that kind of sadness, that kind of attachment are unified in the songs of Farewell, which are in perfect harmony, picturesque and poetic, and complement each other. The whole rhyme-edge, sky, mountain and cold, that is, an rhyme,
The first main song of the album Sweet Honey released by Polaroid Company in November 1979 sold more than one million copies that year, which was one of the three platinum records obtained by Teresa Teng in 1979. When you savor this old song carefully, you can always feel delicate and silky emotions, and the first love vividly described by the lyrics, plus Teresa Teng's sweet but not greasy voice, is even more so.