Piano teaching can be divided into four stages: enlightenment, elementary, intermediate and advanced. The learning content at each stage usually includes basic exercises, etudes, polyphonic works and music. As basic exercises, Czerny's works are still the most systematic, such as "Preliminary Piano Tutorial" 599, "24 Exercises for the Left Hand" 718, "Piano Fluid Etude" 849, "Quick Piano Etude" 299, "Piano Exercises" "50 Songs" 740 (699), etc.

Czerny was a representative figure of the Vienna School of Piano Performance in the first half of the 19th century. The large number of etudes he wrote were trained on the performance techniques of classical works, that is, "classical techniques", mainly with fingers. It is granular, uniform and fast, and the training for the left hand is relatively weak, so it is necessary to add repertoire of various composers as a supplement. These teaching materials can be selected in a targeted manner and interspersed according to the actual situation of the students. They cannot be played one by one in succession.

Children’s Enlightenment Stage

The currently more popular children’s enlightenment textbooks can be roughly divided into three entry-level types of staff, namely the entry-level treble staff method, the entry-level method of central c, and more. Sound entry method. The traditional enlightenment textbook "Bayer Piano Basics Tutorial" uses the treble clef entry method. The "Thompson Easy Piano Tutorial" currently widely used in China, volumes 1-5, uses the middle C entry method.

The "Children's Piano Tutorial" compiled by Li Feilan and Dong Gangrui adopts an introductory method focusing on middle C, breaking through the limitations of the range of such teaching materials in the past. It starts from the 3rd finger to learn the weight drop, and gradually expands to the rest. The individual finger method has been recognized as the best method.

Von de Wilde: "Taomeg Ruth" series. This children's series pays more attention to arousing children's interest and cultivating them to have a good sense of music from an early age.

Kodaly: "Piano School" Volume 1.

Bartók: "Microcosm". This is a very important introductory textbook. Because its five-finger positions include various five-finger arrangements in non-major or minor structures, it helps students get early exposure to the black keys and various modes, and contains many polyphonic imitation-level counterpoint elements.

Ziegler: Volume 1 of "Piano Textbook". The characteristic of this book is that you listen first and play later, and your ears lead the way.

Sch?ngler: Volume 1 of "The Piano Classroom".

Diberi Ali: Among the "Twenty-eight Etudes", it is easier. The earlier students are allowed to practice four pieces, the more conducive they will be to developing the ability to use their ears to distinguish parts and interact with each other. The habit of cooperation.

The primary stage of piano teaching

1. Etudes for the primary stage of piano teaching

The learning content at this stage is equivalent to starting from Czerny's "Preliminary Piano" Tutorial" 599 to Czerny's "Piano Fluid Etude" 849.

1. Czerny's "Preliminary Piano Tutorial" 599

This is one of the most widely used teaching materials for the primary stage of piano teaching in my country. The whole book can be divided into three parts. The first part is 57 songs ago. This part is to consolidate the hand shape and train the independent connection of the fingers. It requires playing to be relaxed and natural, and the connection speed is mainly slow and medium.

The second part is songs 58~79. Quick exercises from 58 to 70 jewelry training. The fast here is for the previous stage. It requires students to initially speed up based on their correct moves. Songs 71 to 79 are melody exercises with and without ornamentation. When practicing, start slowly, play the rhythm accurately and evenly, align your hands, and then speed up slightly. In this part of the melody practice, you need to pay attention to the expression terms and dynamic terms on the score, and pay attention to the layout, breathing, melody coherence and singing.

The third part is 80 songs to the end. It is a comprehensive new exercise. No matter the sound pattern, rhythm pattern, scale, arpeggio and double-note exercises, it is richer than the previous one. When practicing, you must not only play accurately, but also Also pay attention to the ups and downs of the music and make changes in intensity and speed.

2. Czerny's "Simple Piano Etude" 139

This is one of the teaching materials for the transition from 599 to 849. The teaching materials of 139 are not as centralized as those of 599, and you can choose different types of tracks from those of 599.

It can be used interchangeably around 599 to 50 songs.

3. Czerny's "24 Piano Etudes for the Left Hand" 718

This is an exercise written entirely for the left hand. The contents include scales, arpeggio patterns, five-finger patterns, and decompositions. For chords, etc., the order of learning should be flexible. For students with small hands, they can learn scale-type or five-finger-type pieces first, and then postpone the octave practice.

4. Czerny's "160 Eight-bar Piano Etudes" 821

This textbook not only has a rich range of technical types, but also has a wide range of difficulty, ranging from beginner to advanced levels. practice. Each song has only 8 sections and the technical topics are very concentrated, which is especially suitable for students who have a lot of other homework and less time to practice.

5. LeMont's "Piano Etude" 37 (also translated as "Lemoine")

There are 50 pieces in the book, from easy to deep. His characteristic is that he exercises more with his left hand and his hands are more balanced. It can make up for the shortcomings of the emphasis on the right hand in Czerny's etudes.

6. Burgmueller's "25 Simple Etudes" 100, "18 Etudes" 109

The etudes in these two sets are all titled ditties with distinctive images. The technique is simple, the melody is beautiful and musical, and it is very suitable for beginners to learn. When the number is around 599 to 50, you can gradually select pieces from 100 works.

Work 109 is technically more difficult than 100 and is also larger in length. It can be selected after entering 849 in Czerny.

7. Czerny's "Smooth Etude" 849

From 599 to 849 is the early stage of the primary stage and the late stage of the primary stage. There are 849***30 songs, and the technical content of each song is basically not repeated. When selecting, it is necessary to analyze the difficulty of each exercise in detail and consider the "transition" issue of technology.

The difference between 849 and 599 and 139 is that each piece has a speed mark. According to the title of the 849 textbook, the performance should be smooth and played at the required speed as much as possible to prepare for the next intermediate stage. Make preparations.

8. "Interesting Piano Techniques" edited by Helchberg

From the preparation to the fifth volume, from the basic to the more advanced. The editor has selected some short etudes with beautiful melodies from the works of dozens of composers. Each piece has a title, and clear prompts and requirements are given under the title. The technical types are relatively comprehensive, and due to the different stylistic characteristics of the composers, the repertoire is rich and colorful, making it a vivid and effective teaching material.

2. Polyphony in the primary stage

The characteristics of polyphonic works are that different voices and melodies of the left and right hands are performed simultaneously, and the rhythm, stress, dynamics, syntax, melody, and ups and downs are different. These aspects are both internally connected and independent. It is a good teaching material for training the brain's multi-dimensional thinking, sense of rhythm, independence of left and right hands, etc.

1. Bach's "Preliminary Piano Collection"

This textbook has 28 pieces, which are exercises written by Bach for his wife Anna Magdalena. Comparative learning content at the primary stage.

2. Bach's "Minor Preludes and Fugues"

This is a textbook suitable for Bach's "Preliminary Piano Collection" and "Creative Collection".

3. Chinese works

There are some relatively simple polyphonic works in Chinese works, which use folk songs familiar to the masses as themes, such as Wang Zhenya's "Yimeng Mountain Minor", Chen Jingqi's "Liuyang River", Li Yinghai's "Hope for the Red Army", "Huagu Diao", Chen Mingzhi's "The Soldiers and the Common People", etc.

3. Music for the elementary stage of piano

1. Thompson's "Modern Piano Tutorial"

This is a set of teaching materials with extremely rich content, starting from the shallower to the deeper* **Five volumes. In addition to simple piano music, it also selects a large number of arrangements of world-famous music such as operas, ballets, and symphonies, including works by famous musicians such as Bach, Mozart, Beethoven, Chopin, and Liszt. Before each piece of music, the composer may be introduced, the characteristics of the music may be introduced, the music knowledge may be explained, or the teacher may contact the pharmacy, so that students can gain more knowledge and improve their musical literacy while learning each piece of music. Because the music is vivid and vivid, it is deeply loved by students.

2. Will's "Collection of World's Famous Piano Songs for Children"

This is a collection of music that is loved by children at home and abroad. It contains simplified world-famous songs that can be used in training. While using technology, it also cultivates students’ feelings and expression ability of music.

3. "Complete Piano Sonatas"

Sonatas are one of the most widely used contents in piano teaching in my country. This collection contains ***48 sonatas by masters such as Haydn, Clementi, Courau, Mozart, Dushek, Beethoven, Diabelli, Kabalevsky, and Gedikai. . The degree is equivalent to 599 rear, 849 front to 299.

4. "Selected Piano Music for Children" (1949~1979)

In 1979, in order to show the achievements of my country's music creation on the 30th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Chinese Musicians Association selected and compiled the music before the National Day. Two collections of Chinese works have been published. This "Selected Songs" is an album of piano music for children and teenagers selected from instrumental works.

5. Chinese style "Selected Piano Songs for Children"

This collection of songs compiled by the editorial department of People's Yinhe Publishing House has 91 pieces, including songs suitable for the enlightenment stage. Ditty.

6. "Collection of Piano Four Pieces for Children"

Quartet Pieces is a very good teaching form that can train students' hearing and cooperation abilities. And because playing with four hands is richer than playing with two hands, it can improve students' interest in learning and enthusiasm for practice. The 19 songs selected in this collection are all adapted from songs and music familiar to children.

The range of music is very wide, and there are many corresponding teaching materials, such as Lao Chai's "Youth Piano Collection" and Schumann's "Children's Suites" and "Juvenile Collection". Volumes 1 and 2 (***6) of "A Collection of 100 Your Favorite Piano Songs" published by Full Music Score Press, and Volumes 1 and 2 of "Selected Foreign Piano Songs for Children" compiled by the Piano Department of the Central Conservatory of Music. (***6 episodes), can be widely selected.

The intermediate stage of piano teaching

The intermediate stage of piano teaching is a relatively long stage. Among them, Czerny's "Quick Piano Etude" works 299 level is the same as Czerny's "Piano Etude". The 740 level of "50 Etudes" can be regarded as two steps. From Czerny's "Piano Fluid Etude" opus 849 to 299, and then from 299 to 740, various exercises in the root must be interspersed as a foreshadowing, especially 740, which has many technical issues, regardless of difficulty, speed, etc. So easy to master.

At this stage, it is necessary to further strengthen the independence and flexibility of the fingers, so that the fingers can run quickly, evenly and powerfully; learn different touch keys, enhance the sensitivity of the fingertips, and play different levels of music. Changes in timbre; further train the mutual cooperation of fingers, wrists, and arms, and gradually master various specialized techniques. As technology improves and the range of repertoire expands, it is necessary to learn to master the styles of works from different periods, pay attention to the cultivation of musical expression ability, and appropriately use these techniques to express music during performance.

1. Etudes for the intermediate stage of piano teaching

1. Czerny's "25 Etudes for Little Piano Hands" 748

For those who have reached the intermediate level, For students with small hands, this textbook is very suitable because the largest span of double tones in the repertoire is 7 degrees. Compared with some other simple etudes by Czerny, 748 adds left-hand exercises and is more musical.

2. Czerny's "Preliminary Etude for Piano Finger Dexterity" 636

This is a collection of relatively mechanical etudes. ***24 songs, each song is small in length and can be used as a quick practice preparation for entering 299.

3. Czerny's "160 Eight-bar Piano Etudes" 821

It has been introduced in the primary stage, and this stage can be appropriately selected in episodes 2 and 3.

4. Czerny's "Quick Piano Etudes" 299

This is one of the main textbooks at this stage. There are 40 songs in the book, divided into 4 episodes, with 10 songs in each episode. When studying, you should make targeted choices based on the students' actual situation and different stages, and do not follow the instructions mechanically.

When practicing 299, you should speed up on the basis of careful reading of music, correct method, and proficiency in playing, and strive to significantly improve the basic skills of finger graininess, clarity, uniformity and strength. At the same time, special attention should be paid to consciously training the cooperation of the wrists, arms and fingers during fast running.

5. Cramer's "60 Piano Etudes"

This book focuses on developing the techniques of both hands at the same time. Each piece is small in length and focuses on various types of techniques, including various single notes. , practice of double tones and retained tones. More than half of the book is based on one type of technique, training on the left and right hands respectively, providing greater possibilities for training the finger independence, granularity, accuracy, sensitivity and strengthening of packing strength of the left and right hands.

6. Czerny's "50 Piano Etudes" 740

This is the highest level at the intermediate level. This etude contains various basic techniques and specialized techniques. When practicing 740, in addition to the basic requirements such as correctness and proficiency, there must be a breakthrough in speed. This is because an etude cannot be completed in a short period of time and often takes one to two months or more. It is necessary to pay attention to practice methods, high standards, and repeated practice to make a leap in technology. If you can play the various technical etudes in 740 well, you can smoothly enter the advanced stage of learning.

2. Polyphonic works at the intermediate stage of piano teaching

Based on Bach's "Creative Song Collection", you can also learn "French Suite" and part of the "Well-Tempered Piano Collection" "work.

1. "Creative Song Collection"

It is divided into two parts and three parts, with 15 songs each. When learning two-part creative music, you can choose notes and rhythms that are slightly simpler to practice first, such as 1, 4, 8, and 13.

It is much more difficult than the two-part and three-part version. First of all, we must grasp the theme, and the progression of the three parts must be clear in our mind, and then we must control the intensity contrast and timbre contrast of different parts. You can practice 6, 2, 7, 1, and 15 first.

2. "French Suite"

This is an ancient suite-themed work completed by Bach between 1720 and 1724, with six groups. His basic structure is composed of four dances with different speeds and beats, in a certain order. These four dances are Allemande, Coulant, Sarabande and Kiger. Their tonality unifies each group. The order of the first three pieces is fixed, and between the Sarabande and the Kiger, other dances or music such as "Minuet", "Melody", "Gavotte", etc. can be inserted. The only difference among these six groups is the fourth group, which has an extra prelude before Allemande. It is said that the name "French Suite" was not mentioned by Bach himself, but because the elegant style of the work is similar to the French flavor.

3. Bach's "Well-Tempered Clavier"

Mean Lawyer is a tuning method. In short, it divides the 8th interval into twelve semitones. In Bach's time, the tuning method used was basically pure temperament, which was not conducive to modulation. Although the tuning method of equal temperament had been proposed, it was not really used until Bach. The title of "The Well-Tempered Clavier" was inscribed by Bach himself.

"The Well-Tempered Piano Collection" has two collections, each with 24 pieces. It is based on the rule of twelve semitones, starting from the key of C major and proceeding in semitones, with each tone using major. , one-character prelude and fugue in minor keys respectively, so there are 24 pieces. This masterpiece is the pinnacle of polyphonic music creation and is known as the "Bible" of piano music - the "Old Testament".