Music appreciation has become an important part of quality education in colleges and universities because of the aesthetic education function of music itself. It is also one of the effective ways to cultivate innovative and high-quality talents. However, due to the long-term accumulation of Some old concepts and thoughts, such as: professional knowledge is the only criterion for measuring the talents of college students, and music education is just a heretical and dispensable one. This makes it difficult to promote and popularize music education in colleges and universities, especially in non-arts colleges. However, the introduction of subjects such as music appreciation, basic music knowledge, and appreciation of Chinese and foreign musicals have been welcomed and loved by students.
Students in colleges and universities should not only learn professional knowledge, but also improve their quality in all aspects. Some people say that the quality of Chinese college students not only lags behind that of developed countries, but also lags behind that of some developing countries. In fact, the academic performance of Chinese college students in terms of basic knowledge and professional knowledge is not worse than that of developed countries. The problem It may be due to the overall quality of college students and their comprehensive practical and innovative abilities, so we should work harder on the overall quality.
In our educational policy of "moral, intellectual, physical and aesthetic", aesthetic education should run through the entire education process. Among the aesthetic education in schools, music and art education are particularly important. This is absolutely correct. Art education is an important part of aesthetic education. Music education and art education are the most important and important methods and contents of art education.
1. The current status and existing problems of university music education
The "music appreciation" discussed in this article is not equivalent to professional education for cultivating specialized artistic talents, but refers to improving Popularize students' comprehensive qualities such as cultural accomplishment, appreciation ability, and aesthetic taste. At present, the music and art education capabilities of colleges and universities in our country are still relatively weak. There is a common phenomenon among college students that they lack music knowledge and have poor abilities to feel and appreciate music. Our survey results show that 85% of the 137 students love music, with 86% and 85% in urban and rural areas respectively. 24% of students only take music classes occasionally, and 13% of students rarely take music classes in middle school. 66.7% of students from cities know simplified musical notation, while only 42.5% of students from rural areas know musical notation. However, students from cities know far more musical notation than students from rural areas. In addition, far more students from urban areas have attended concerts than those from rural areas, accounting for 38.9% and 10.5% respectively. However, regardless of whether they are from urban or rural areas, most students have not attended concerts.
However, in the fill-in-the-blank section of the questionnaire, 42 people, accounting for 30.7%, could correctly write more than three foreign musicians, and 42 people could correctly write more than three representative works of foreign musicians. 15 people, accounting for only 10.9%. There were 32 people who could correctly write more than three Chinese musicians, accounting for 23.4%; there were 16 people who could correctly write more than three representative works of Chinese musicians, accounting for only 11.7%. Only 33 people, accounting for 24.1%, could write more than three favorite pieces of music; it is worth noting that 26 people could not write a single piece of music.
From the above survey, it can be seen that most students still like music very much. Due to factors such as region, environment or school emphasis, there are considerable differences in the music education that college students receive before entering colleges and universities. , but overall they still showed very weak musical quality, especially in the fill-in-the-blank part. The results are worrying. These practical problems have resulted in music courses not being able to perform their aesthetic education functions well. How to maximize the practical value of music quality education and how to enable students to realize true aesthetic values ??in the short process of music learning? It is worthy of research and discussion to improve the level of appreciation and appreciation; and finally achieve the improvement of comprehensive quality.
2. The impact of music appreciation on college students’ ideological and moral quality education
(1) Cultivate students’ ability to recognize and discover beauty through music appreciation classes
Music is It is a special art that can not only reflect people's emotions delicately and accurately, but also open up students' intelligence and brain thinking. Music teaching is comprehensive and rich. Teachers must not only teach students to sing, but also teach basic music theory knowledge, allowing them to appreciate and learn music in the language of music, and inspire them to actively pursue and feel beauty.
For example, when appreciating the Chinese symphony "Butterfly Lovers", students are required to make bold associations and think rationally as the music develops. With the development of music, students' expressions such as "joy, anger, sadness, and joy" exactly reflect their rational thinking of distinguishing between good and evil and their ability to discover and pursue beauty. These experiences and perceptions of beauty are revealed in expressions from inner experiences through music appreciation.
(2) Cultivate students’ imagination and creativity through music appreciation. It provides intellectual guarantee for the cultivation of college students' abilities
If the listener wants to create a complete musical image in his mind, he must use imagination to recreate it. This kind of re-creation is completely subjectively controlled by the listener. If the composer creates once and the singer (performer) creates twice, then the listener creates three times. Appreciators recombine and rationally process existing perceptual materials to create new images in their brains.
Since everyone’s congenital genetic situation is different, people’s thinking ability will have inherent differences. However, in any case, the formation and development of the brain’s thinking ability depends to a large extent on acquired factors. Study and train. If music appreciation training is carried out, it will not only improve people's sense of music, but also benefit their motor control, memory ability and thinking development, so that brain functions can be more developed.
(3) Cultivate students' good emotional qualities through music appreciation and achieve the role of moral education
Music is one of the oldest, most universal and infectious art forms of mankind. It is an indispensable and important way for humans to express and communicate their feelings and thoughts through specific sounds, and it is an integral part of human spiritual life. Therefore, music has always played a very important role in all aspects of human social life. [5] When these excellent works are shown to students, it is through the educational process of knowledge transfer and environmental influence that they are internalized into the students' own personality, temperament, and cultivation, and become their relatively stable inner qualities. The revolutionary songs of modern and modern China have inspired generations of people to sacrifice their lives, shed their blood, and sacrifice their precious lives for the liberation of the motherland and the prosperity of the people. Through the appreciation of these works, the moral education function of music can be fully achieved.
(4) Expand students’ humanistic knowledge and strengthen their cultural heritage
Music treasures from all over the world, both ancient and modern, are vast and colorful. If we only rely on students to play and sing musical works, we cannot meet the needs of students. Music appreciation teaching can enable students to comprehensively understand and learn the treasures in the treasure house of human music. Secondly, as an important carrier of human cultural inheritance, music is a precious cultural heritage and crystallization of wisdom of mankind. Music and art are inextricably linked to literature, geography, history, drama, dance, painting, social life, etc. At the same time, during appreciation, it is necessary to add diversified thinking and multi-dimensional perspectives, identify the musical characteristics of various styles and different cultural traditions, understand the similarities and differences of music under different cultural backgrounds and cultural forms, and understand the differences between Eastern and Western music cultures.
3. An effective way to combine music appreciation with college students’ ideological and moral quality education in colleges and universities
In view of the current situation of college students’ weak music knowledge, music quality education must be strengthened to make up for the lack of education in middle school students. The deficiencies of primary school music education and the gap between urban and rural students. On the one hand, colleges and universities should offer elective courses on music appreciation to increase college students’ music knowledge and improve their musical quality; on the other hand, they should provide college students with a place to practice music by carrying out a variety of campus cultural activities to cultivate their sentiments and purify their souls. It is necessary to strengthen guidance so that college students can appreciate more classical music and ethnic music, and improve their aesthetic taste and ability to create and appreciate beauty. At the same time, students must be allowed to participate in these classic musical works themselves, combining patriotism education and the education of traditional virtues of the Chinese nation.
(1) Mastering music knowledge is the basis for cultivating music appreciation ability
Basic knowledge of music is the language of music, and mastering rich music theory knowledge is very important for cultivating college students' appreciation ability. of. The richer the music knowledge, the stronger the music appreciation ability and the higher the level. Appreciation of repertoire from content to form should be from easy to difficult, from small to large, from ethnic to Western, from vocal music to instrumental music, from titled music to untitled music, but currently some schools have not yet done this.
The expression of emotions in music is not only subject to rational regulation in form, but the emotional content of music is also the product of artistic generalization and refinement. Not any expression of natural emotions can become the content of a musical work, only those with social universality rather than purely personal Only random and accidental emotions can arouse people's excitement. For example, the depressed search in Tchaikovsky's "Pathetique", the elegant lingering in the famous Chinese song "Spring River Flower Moonlight Night", and the high-spirited and majestic Liu Tianhua's "Bright Journey" all express people's universal emotional experience and are socially relevant. The rational emotions of cultural connotation, under the influence of such excellent musical works, people's emotions will be sublimated.
(2) Enhancing the accumulation of perceptual experience is the key to cultivating music appreciation ability
First of all, the most direct and critical way to develop music appreciation ability is to listen more and have more contact with ethnic groups. music. In this way, on the one hand, it can expand the artistic vision of college students and improve the psychological quality and level of appreciation in many aspects. It can also improve the ability of college students to appreciate music through comparison and identification, and increase their hobbies and interests in music. Secondly, the abstract form of music itself accumulates the national spirit, the spirit of the times, and even philosophical thinking. Regular music appreciation can improve intuitive understanding and "taste" the deep implications of music. For example, Beethoven's contradictory symphony music can "taste" the spirit of the times that pursues freedom, equality, and fraternity; and the fresh and melodious melody of the Chinese folk music "Lao Liuban" can "taste" the optimistic thoughts and feelings of the Chinese people. In short, music appreciation can improve people's ability to "understand everything".
(3) We should improve our own cultural and artistic accomplishments and promote the improvement of music appreciation ability
Music appreciation ability is an important part of cultural and artistic accomplishments. At the same time, culture and art are also playing an important role. To what extent it affects a person's music appreciation ability and level. The music appreciation level of the listener varies from person to person, and is not only restricted by the level of personal music and cultural knowledge, but also by the overall cultural and artistic accomplishment of the listener, and even life experience and other factors. Therefore, the appreciator needs to have certain cultural literacy, knowledge structure and personality cultivation. For example, when appreciating Tchaikovsky's piano suite "The Four Seasons", some people can only get some visual imagination and various emotional infections caused by the rhythm of the sound. However, the profound connotations contained in those melancholy tones in "Four Seasons": the depressed and hesitant state of mind of a Russian intellectual who yearns for freedom and light; lamenting the passage of time; questioning the meaning of life and other rich connotations, if there is no corresponding cultural Quality and ideological realm are difficult to understand.
(4) College students should actively participate in cultural and artistic activities organized by the school
Such as participating in campus singer competitions, chorus competitions, ethnic music and culture festivals and other activities, which are also the accumulation of one's cultural accomplishments . Schools, in particular, should provide students with such opportunities, such as organizing a series of elegant art activities such as the appreciation of art songs, symphony concerts or music lectures. Music appreciation, in addition to usual concerts and music lectures, also includes music and electroacoustic appreciation; listening to ritual music at celebrations and conferences; being intoxicated by your own "karaoke"; watching the screen The picture, the moving music is ringing in the ears; even dancing to the melodious music on the dance floor can be said to be a different way of appreciating music. In short, if college students want to become a higher-level music appreciator, they must constantly enrich themselves and improve their ideological level and life experience to promote the cultivation and improvement of music appreciation ability.
4. Conclusion
In summary, music appreciation plays an important role in the comprehensive quality education of college students. In college education, special attention should be paid to the development of music appreciation classes. Schools should also do their best to create this kind of cultural atmosphere for college students, strengthen the construction of campus culture, establish a scientific evaluation system, increase rewards for elegant music and outstanding works, and control music works with low style and low ideological level. Form a correct public opinion orientation, enable the healthy development of music, and allow more college students to be exposed to excellent musical works, thereby promoting the improvement of students' aesthetic quality and moral quality, and conducive to the development of students' intelligence, expansion of knowledge and creation Cultivation of strength.