Abstract: Qinghai is the hometown of the folk tune "Hua'er", and "Hehuang Hua'er" is the soul of "Northwest Hua'er". People of all ethnic groups living here, whether they are farming in the fields or in the mountains, Whenever you have free time while grazing cattle, going out to work or driving, you should sing a few melodious lines of "Hua'er". For Qinghai people, "flowers" are as common as their daily diet. So what are the characteristics of Qinghai Huaer’s tunes? Then take a look at the introduction of Qinghai flowers below! "Hua'er" is a kind of folk song. "Hua'er" is also called "Youth". Young men sing it as "Youth", and young women sing it as "Hua'er". It is popular in the vast areas of Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia and Xinjiang. Certain areas, known as the soul of the Northwest, are national-level intangible cultural heritage of mankind and were listed as intangible cultural heritage of mankind by the United Nations in September 2009. Qinghai is one of the birthplaces of "Hehuang Flowers", while Haidong City is one of the birthplaces. Haidong is known as the "City of Flowers". The rapid development of Haidong in recent years is closely related to Hua'er. "Hua'er" has a history of at least more than 400 years, with a long history, many songs and numerous singers. 2006 Among the eight national flower associations in the country that were included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage protection lists promulgated by the State Council in 2017, the Tu ethnic minority flower association in Danma, Huzhu County, Qinghai Province, the Laoye Mountain Flower Association in Datong County, the Qutan Temple Flower Association in Ledu County, The Hua'er Club of Qili Temple in Minhe County is on the list. For hundreds of years, the Han, Hui, Salar, Tu and other ethnic groups living in eastern Qinghai have each created their own unique "Hua'er" songs. In addition to singing in working situations such as labor and transporting goods in the mountains, there are also "Huaer Clubs" customs in various places. Currently, the main Huaer Clubs are: Huaer Concerts in the five northwest provinces (regions), China·Qinghai Laoyeshan Huaer Club, etc. /p>
1. Origin
Hua'er, also known as Juvenile, is a folk song popular in Qinghai, and also popular in Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia, Xinjiang and other regions. It has many lyrics. It has high literary and artistic value and is known as the soul of the northwest. Huaer originated in Linxia. Due to its popularity in different regions and the influence of the cultures of various ethnic groups in the northwest, it has formed different schools and artistic styles.
2. Genres
1. Liupanshan Hua'er
It is one of them. The Hui people love Hua'er and are the creators, singers and performers of Hua'er. Inheritors and disseminators. Hua'er is a favorite, and one cannot sing it without singing. This shows how much the Hui people love Hua'er.
There are two main types of flowers popular in Guyuan area: Hezhou Hua'er and Hua'er. Mountain Flower (commonly known as Dried Flower).
2. Hezhou Flower
It is euphemistic and beautiful, with dozens of basic modes and melodies, and many variations in slow mode. Fast tune. Slow tunes are mostly in 4/4 or 6/8 time. They are sung high-pitched and long. The melody is often used in the first part of the song and between the sentences. The melody has big ups and downs. The fourth step is often used in the upward movement, and the falsetto is often used in the high range. . Most of the fast tunes are in 2/4 or 3/8 time, and are relatively compact and short. Most of the poems in Hezhou Huaer are composed of four sentences in literature, and the first two sentences are often compared to each other. Xing, the last two sentences are to the point. The number of words is interlaced with odd and even numbers, which is not as regular as other folk songs, so it is more free and lively. However, Guyuan Hui people often sing Shanhuaer.
3. Shanhuaer
p>The melody has less ups and downs, more use of pentatonic feather tunes and horn tunes, less use of lining words and sentences, and the use of glide at the end of paragraphs or sentences. In literature, except for Hezhou Huaer. In addition to some characteristics, it also derives some variations, and sometimes uses Xintianyou or general folk songs. The singing forms include self-singing and question-and-answer styles. The songs are called lyric short songs. Huaer music is high-pitched, long and hearty, with distinctive national style and local characteristics. There are not only colorful musical images, but also rich literary content. Reflecting life, love, current affairs, labor and other contents. Improvisational performances using the artistic techniques of comparison, excitement and fu. Although most of the content of Hua'er is related to love, while praising pure love and accusing feudal ethics and social ugliness that cause life and death suffering to lovers, it deeply reflects all aspects of social life, and the language is simple, clear, and vivid. The metaphor is beautiful and has relatively high literary appreciation and research value. In the 1980s, Hua'er's singing form has developed into the Hua'er musical.
3. Tunes
Qinghai "Youth" has 159 kinds of tunes:
Hezhou Daling (I), Hezhou Daling (II), Hezhou Daling Prefecture Daling (Ⅲ), Hezhou Erling (Ⅰ), Hezhou Erling (Ⅱ), Hezhou Erling (Ⅲ), Hezhou Erling (Ⅳ), Hezhou Erling (Ⅴ), Hezhou Er Order (Ⅵ), Hezhou Second Order (Ⅶ), Hezhou Third Order (Ⅰ), Hezhou Third Order (Ⅱ), Hezhou Third Order (Ⅲ), Hezhou Third Order (Ⅳ), Hezhou Third Order ( Ⅴ), Hezhou Sanling (Ⅵ), Hezhou Sanling (Ⅶ), Hezhou Sanling (VIII) (19 species)
Ajie Ling (I), Ajie Ling (II) , Ajie Ling (Ⅲ) (3 types)
SaLaZhiLing (Ⅰ), SalaZhiLing (Ⅱ), SalaZhiLing (Ⅲ), SalaZhiLing (Ⅳ), SalaZhiLing ( Ⅴ), Sala Zhiling (Ⅵ), Sala Zhiling (Ⅶ) (7 types)
Ga Ma Ling (I), Ga Ma Ling (Ⅱ), Ga Ma Ling (Ⅲ) (3 types) )
Shuihonghualing (Ⅰ), Shuihonghualing (Ⅱ), Shuihonghualing (Ⅲ), Shuihonghualing (Ⅳ), Shuihonghualing (Ⅴ), Shuihong Flower Ling (VI), Water Red Flower Ling (VII) (7 species)
SaLaLing (I), SalaLing (II), SalaLing (I), SalaLing (II), Salaling (III), Salaling (IV), Salaling (V), Salaling (VI), Salaling (VII), Salaling (VIII), Salaling (IX) (9 types)
< p>Maili Yanling (Ⅰ), Maili Yanling (Ⅱ) (2 types)Naiman Palace Order (Ⅰ), Naiman Palace Order (Ⅱ), Naiman Palace Order (Ⅲ ) (3 types)
Jie Wong Ling (Ⅰ), Jie Wong Ling (II) (2 types)
Sanhuashao Order (I), Sanhuashao Order (II) ), Three fancy tips (Ⅲ), Three fancy tips (IV) (4 types)
Five meat dishes (I), Five meat dishes (II), Five meat dishes (III) ) (3 types)
Honghuajie Ling (Ⅰ), Honghua Jie Ling (II) (2 types)
Ajieyoling, Garouerling, Baiduo Various orders and miscellaneous orders (4 types)
Meng Daling (I), Meng Daling (II), Meng Daling (III), Meng Daling (IV), Meng Daling (V) , Meng Daling (Ⅵ) (6 types)
Moqingke Daling (Ⅰ), Moqingke Daling (II) (2 types); Moqingke Erling (Ⅰ), Moqingke Daling Green Tree Second Order (Ⅱ), 2 Green Tree Third Order; 1
Security Order (I), Security Order (II), Security Order (III), Security Order (IV), Security Order ( Ⅴ), security order (Ⅵ), security order (Ⅶ) (7 types)
Gaajie order (Ⅰ), Gaajie order (Ⅱ), Gaajie order (Ⅲ), Gaajie order Ajie Ling (IV) (4 types)
Big Eyes Ling (I), Big Eyes Ling (II), Big Eyes Ling (III) (3 types)
Good Flowers Erling (Ⅰ), Haohuaerling (Ⅱ), Haohuaerling (Ⅲ), Haohuaerling (IV) (4 types)
Qiansanling (I), Qiansanling (Ⅱ) (2 species)
Huanghua Jie Ling (I), Huang Hua Jie Ling (II) (2 species)
La La Ling (1 species)
< p>Er Mudan Order, White Mudan Order (Ⅰ), White Mudan Order (Ⅱ) (3 types)Chinglanglangling (I), Pipinglangranging (Ⅱ) (2 types)< /p>
Jinjinghualing (1 type)
Gamaguling (I), Gamaguling (II) (2 types)
Gaomiaoling ( Ⅰ), Gaomiao Ling (Ⅱ), Gaomiao Ling (Ⅲ) (3 species)
Maying Ling (1 species)
Gushan Ling (I), Gushan Order (Ⅱ) (2 types)
Qingshui Order (Ⅰ), Qingshui Order (II) (2 types)
Road Sanwao Order (Ⅰ), Roo Sanwao Order ( Ⅱ), Rao San Rao Ling (Ⅲ), Rao San Rao Ling (Ⅳ), Rao San Lao Ling (V) (5 types)
Huaer Sister Ling, Guaizuier Ling, Yiliu Lotus Falling Ling (3 kinds)
Shaoshiling (I), Shaoshiling (II) (2 kinds)
Menyuanling, Chrysanthemum Kailing (2 kinds)
Huangyuan Order (I), Huangyuan Order (II) (2 types)
Xia Sichuan Order, Liuliuer San Order (2 types)
Liang Liangshang Lang Lai Ling (Ⅰ), Liang Liang Shang Lang Lai Ling (Ⅱ), Liang Liang Shang Lang Lai Ling (Ⅲ) (3 types)
Ouch Yo Ling (Ⅰ), Ouch Yo Ling (Ⅱ) (2 types)
Aixiqian Sanling (Ⅰ), Aixiqian Sanling (II), Aixiqian Sanling (III) (3 types)
>Tu Ling (I), Tu Ling (II) (2 types)
Yangliu Jie Ling (I), Yangliu Jie Ling (II) (2 types)
Xia Ma Guan Ling (Ⅰ), Xiamaguan Ling (Ⅱ) (2 types)
Longzhong Ling (I), Longzhong Ling (II), Longzhong Ling (Ⅲ) (3 types)
< p>Lianhuashan Order (Ⅰ), Lotus Mountain Order (Ⅱ), Lotus Mountain Order (Ⅲ) (3 types)Ahouring (I), Ahouring (II) (2 types)
Huaer Duet (I), Huaer Duet (II) (2 types)
IV. Other related
Qinghai is known as the "Huaer Hometown" reputation. The unprecedented flower fairs start one after another after the fourth month of the lunar calendar. By then, the Hehuang area will be filled with blooming flowers, beautiful peaks and clear waters. People in costumes of various ethnic groups will be bustling with people. Singers who want to perform their unique skills will be crowded one after another. Resonant singing will come one after another. The mountains and fields will become a sea of ??flowers, which is really fascinating.
The Xining Fenghuang Mountain Flower Fair is held on the eighth day of the fourth lunar month. At that time, the sun is shining brightly and the mountains are everywhere. The singers bring their lovers, wine and food, in small groups, and compete in singing while drinking wine. The singing spreads throughout the countryside, and the atmosphere is extremely lively.
Xiamen Huaer Club in Minhe County has a long history. The Duanyang Festival (also known as the Dragon Boat Festival) is held every May at Luanquantan, which is dotted with clear springs all over the mountain. People wear willow hats, carry festival rice, drink spring water and sing flowers, which is very interesting.
The Qutan Temple Flower Fair in Ledu County is held every year from the 14th to the 16th of the sixth lunar month, with the peak on the 15th. The singers sang loudly while appreciating the beautiful scenery of Qutan Temple. They were extremely excited and their singing voices were particularly beautiful.
The Wufeng Mountain Flower Party is held on the sixth day of the sixth lunar month at the Chenghua Spring of Wufeng Mountain, which is known as a "scenic resort".
The Laoye Mountain Huaer Club in Datong County on June 6th is also famous for its flowers singing "Ling'er of Longevity" originated from Tibet. This place has many twists and turns. The trees are covered with green onions, and the sounds of flowers are floating on the long white clouds, creating a poetic and picturesque atmosphere.
In addition, the Danma Flower Festival is held from the 11th to the 15th of the sixth lunar month.
What is very interesting is that the flower festivals in various places not only have different styles, but are also connected with particularly beautiful and touching legends and unique customs. If you want to know about flowers and see their emotions, you should go and pick them in person.
5. Famous singers
1. Ma Jun
Hui nationality, born in 1963, is from Minhe County, Qinghai, and his ancestral home is Dongxiang County, Gansu Province. Ma Jun grew up singing Huaer, and often participated in theatrical performances when he was in school. In 1985, Minhe County held a flower performance. Ma Jun participated and won the first prize. In 1986, he won the first prize again in the Haidong folk song performance. His handsome and free image, rough, unrestrained and charming singing voice made him famous in the performance venue. It won thunderous applause and attracted the attention of relevant departments at the county, prefectural and provincial levels. In August of the same year, he represented Qinghai Province in the "Third National Folk Music and Dance Performance" and won the second prize. Later, he was retained in the Qinghai Provincial Ethnic Song and Dance Troupe and became a professional Huaer singer. He became a disciple of Mr. Zhu Zhonglu and began to strive towards the peak of singing flowers. In 1988, Qinghai Kunlun Audio and Video Publishing House released "Qinghai Flowers" with Ma Jun as the lead singer; in 1989, Shaanxi Western Audio and Video Publishing House released cassettes such as his a cappella male and female duet "Qinghai Flowers" with Su Guoying and Wen Guilan. , it is very helpful for people to understand the flavor of flowers' duets and songs. Ma Jun sang "Three Orders of Hezhou", "Salar Order", "Hua'er Ga Lian Order", etc., which are the most praised by people. He was called the Prince of Hua'er and quickly became popular in Haidong. In the golden autumn of October, various performances of the Shanghai International Arts Festival are in full swing. A fresh breeze from the Qinghai Plateau intoxicates the audience. This is the "Magical Qinghai--" which started on October 20. —Qinghai Culture Week Performance and Exhibition Series". During the week, the large-scale ethnic song and dance "Green Qinghai", the flower-style song and dance "June 6th - Plateau Flowers Are Red", "The Soul of Rivers - Qinghai History and Culture Exhibition" and "Plateau Wonders - Qinghai National Folk Crafts" Art Exhibition" and "Dream Image - Qinghai Photography Exhibition" were unveiled one after another, leading Shanghai citizens into the magical Qinghai. Main awards: In 1986, Ma Jun rose to prominence and came out on top in the Folk Song Competition of Minhe Hui and Tu Autonomous County.
In this year, he participated in the "Second National Folk Music and Dance Competition" organized by the Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Radio, Film and Television, and won the second prize in vocal music with his song "Gamei is the Peony that just bloomed". The following year, he returned from the capital with great honor. Ma Jun won the second prize in the "Qinghai Huaer Cup Competition" with excellent results. In 1989, Ma Jun won the prestigious "Excellence Award" at the "Domestic Selection of the World Singing Competition from Shanghai to Paris" with "Ma Qingqing Barley" written and composed by Huang Enrong. In 1993, he served as the director of the "Qinghai Province Huaer Art Troupe" The leader of the group ranks among the national second-level actors.
2. Suonan Sun Bin
Qinghai Minhe, 24 years old this year. When I was grazing cows in the mountains when I was a child, I heard the old people caressing the flowers. I thought it sounded good, so I quietly followed suit:
The Gaji baby has lost weight and its hair has grown, and when its hair grows, it can’t stand up; My brother is living a bad life, and his brothers and sisters look down on him.
He loves to listen to flowers, especially flowers sung by Ma Jun, the Prince of Flowers. In order to worship Ma Jun as his teacher, he went to work in a Xining restaurant and asked where Ma Jun was. After finding Ma Jun, he sang a white peony order:
The white peony is shining brightly, the red peony is red and broken; there is someone beside Gamei, but there is no one. I'll sit with you from time to time.
Ma Jun said he has a good voice. He worked in Ma Jun's restaurant for more than half a year, making noodles and learning to sing.
Continuous learning and continuous improvement are his pursuits. Later, he enrolled in the Adult Vocational School of Qinghai Culture and Art School, where he learned vocal techniques and the combination of real and false sounds under teacher Dan Cuo. After graduation, he was hired as an actor by the Qinghai Provincial National Song and Dance Troupe. In October last year, he won the Best Voice Award at the first China North and South Folk Song Competition held in Xianju, Zhejiang.
3. Ma Quan
Ma Quan was born in Chengzhong Village, Duoba Town, Huangzhong County in April 1988. In 2007, he won third place in the Qinghai Division of the National CCTV Young Singer Grand Prix; in 2008, he won the third prize at the Provincial Farmers Art Festival; In the "Qinghai Huaer Singer TV Competition", she stood out from more than 500 singers in the province, took the first place with an absolute advantage, won the crown of the competition, and won the reputation of "Golden Singer". Participated in the Young Singer Grand Prix and won the third place in the original ecology. In 2012, he participated in Shandong TV Station's "Songs from the Yellow River" and achieved excellent results. In 2012, he represented Qinghai to perform in various places in China and abroad. In 2013, he represented Qinghai in the Young Singer Grand Prix.
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