1. What are the customs of the Daozhen Gelao people

The folk literature of the Gelao people includes poems, stories, proverbs, etc. The poems are mostly small tunes that are easy to be sung and are divided into three-character, five-character, and five-character tunes. Yan, Qiyan, etc.

The musical instruments of the Gelao people include erhu, horizontal flute, suona, gongs and drums, etc. The "Eight Immortals" music played by the Gelao people is full of ethnic characteristics. It is played by eight people using a pair of erhus, horizontal flutes and other musical instruments. The tone is very harmonious and beautiful. The suona is an indispensable musical instrument for the Gelao people's festive festivals. More than ten tunes such as "Old Gray Tune", "Guoshan Tune", "Guohe Tune", "Guojie Tune" and "Yingqin Tune" are played on the suona, accompanied by gongs and drums. Playing together makes the atmosphere even more lively.

The Gelao people living in the mountains are also famous for their many skilled stonemasons. Their stone carvings on stone tombs, stone monuments, archways, bridges, railings and other supplies and buildings are unique. Their rough and bold stonework chants echoing the sounds of mountains and valleys are often heard from the quarries.

Revere bamboo

The Gelao people call bamboo "Gelao", and the free translation of "Gelao" people into bamboo people is accurate. It is not strange to use bamboo as a person's name, but using bamboo as a national name will definitely give people who hear this free translation a sense of freshness for the first time. Even if this is a very old nation, it will still feel novel, just like watching it in winter. It’s as exciting as seeing the bamboo shoots unearthed in spring. The Chinese have endowed bamboo with many virtues, such as cold resistance, integrity, humility, tenacity, wide range of uses, etc. Therefore, using bamboo as a national self-proclaimer is actually very elegant and connotative. As for the Gelao people's custom of worshiping bamboo, the following legends are recorded in the "Huayang Guozhi? Nanzhong Zhi" written more than 1,600 years ago and the "Book of the Later Han Dynasty? Biography of Southwest Yi" written more than 1,500 years ago: Yelang, who was earlier A woman was washing in Dunshui (now Beipanjiang River in western Guizhou). A three-section long bamboo tube drifted between the woman's feet and refused to float away. A child's cry was heard in the tube. He cut open the bamboo tube and saw a baby boy. He took it back and raised him. He was talented and martial, and he established himself as Yelanghou, with the surname of bamboo. Where the broken bamboo tubes were abandoned, lush bamboo forests grew, and later generations built the Bamboo King Temple to worship them. The legend about the Bamboo King and the custom of worshiping bamboo are still widely preserved among the Gelao people in various places. When the Gelao people of Meijiazhai, Daozhen Gelao and Miao Autonomous County give birth to their first boy, his placenta and some egg shells are buried underground in the bamboo forest to pray for the protection of the Bamboo King. During the Spring Festival, every household goes to the bamboo forest to offer money to the Bamboo King. In many places, rice is packed in bamboo tubes to worship ancestors or to pray for a good harvest. Some scholars believe that the respect for bamboo stems from the bamboo totem worship, and this worship stems from the important significance and practical value of bamboo to the lives of the Gelao ancestors.

Feeding trees during New Year festivals

The Gelao people celebrate two New Year festivals in a year, one is the Spring Festival and the other is the Gelao Year. It falls on the third day of the third month of the lunar calendar. The time and customs of the Spring Festival are roughly the same as those of the Han people, but there is the special content of "feeding trees". "Tree feeding" is also called "tree sacrificing" or "tree worshiping", which originated from the Gelao people's belief in the animism of ancient trees (big trees). The Gelao people in Longlin Autonomous County of Guangxi Province prepare rice wine, pork, fresh fish, glutinous rice and other offerings at noon on the 14th day of the first lunar month. They bring red paper firecrackers and go up the mountain to worship the tree as relatives and friends. When you see a tree, you first set off firecrackers, then choose a tall and strong old tree to burn paper, burn incense and kneel down to worship. After worshiping, they "feed" sacrifices to the tree: one person holds a knife and cuts three holes in the bark of the tree, and the other "feeds" some meat, rice, and wine into the knife mouth. Finally, the knife mouth is sealed with red paper, and the tree is weeded and soiled. When "feeding" a meal, you have to answer different words for different trees. For example, for a fruit tree, say: "If I feed you rice, it will bear strings; if I feed you meat, it will bear lumps", which means that I wish you abundant fruits. After "feeding" the tree, people gather together and have a feast. In some areas, on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month, people hold beef hearts and new rice to worship the sacred tree "Bodhisattva Tree" next to the village and pray for a good harvest.

The second day of the sixth lunar month every year is the "Insect-Eating Festival" of the Gelao people. On this day, there are several dishes of other flavors on every dining table - fried locusts, pickled sour grasshoppers, sweet fried butterfly pupae, roasted aphid loach, etc.

In some areas, "tree sacrifice" is called "mountain sacrifice", because the Gelao people have lived in mountainous areas for generations, and it is completely understandable that they love and respect mountains. The specific object of "Mountain Sacrifice" is also a tall and lush ancient tree near the village, which is the embodiment of tenacious vitality. Sacrifice is held in villages, and only adult men are allowed to participate. In addition to offering sacrifices, wizards also sing "Mountain Sacrifice Song" to pray to the mountain gods to bless the village for safety, abundant grain, and prosperity for people and animals.

[Edit this paragraph] Ethnic wedding

Three to five days before the Gelao girl gets married, she starts "crying for marriage". When getting married, the groom does not welcome the bride in person, but sends a bearer to the bride's house the day before the wedding before dark. Before entering the door, the woman has a dedicated person to preside over the "door-blocking ceremony", where she has to toast, spread the carpet, wait and other etiquette. Each procedure has traditional reciprocal etiquette, and must be sung in compliance with the rules, otherwise she will be laughed at. When a girl gets married, she first carries the sedan into the main room, and the bride's brother or uncle "pulls" the bride out of the back room, kowtows to her ancestors and parents, and then "forcibly carries" her into the sedan to express her reluctance to leave her natal family. The mother's family carried the sedan out of the village and then handed it over to the groom's sedan bearer. In front of the sedan, there are two people holding broadswords to clear the way. The sedan is surrounded by colorful flags and blue umbrellas. Trumpets are blown, cannons are fired, and winds and pipes are played on the way. It is very lively. After visiting the groom's house, the bride has to dress up again, and then go to a spacious place in the village for everyone to admire and laugh at, so as to establish friendly feelings with the villagers.

Among the Gelao people in northwest Guizhou, weddings are more interesting. The groom rides a horse to welcome the bride, and is accompanied by four groomsmen, two of whom carry bamboo brooms, and the other two carry gifts of wine and meat. On the way, several strong men sent by the woman blocked the road and "robbed" them. They ate the meat and wine on the hillside to show that the woman's family was rich and did not care about your gifts. When the groom arrived at the gate of the bride’s village, a group of people holding pieces of wood surrounded and “beat” the groom. The groom held a bamboo broom and tried his best to protect him and break through the encirclement. When the groom runs into the bride's house, he is immediately greeted with a toast, and the groom and the bride also toast each other. After the toast, the groom "carries" the bride onto the horse's back, and the groom leads the way home with the reins in hand. 2. Write an essay on the customs of the Miao people

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Folk customs of the Miao people The Miao people have their own traditional festivals, such as the Miao New Year, Lagu Festival, Lusheng Festival, etc., but among them the most The most solemn and rich in content is Miao Nian. The time for celebrating the Miao Year is different in different places. The Miao Year in Rongshui, Sanjiang and Longsheng areas usually falls on the Hai day of the 11th lunar month. The Miao Year is grand and lively. In addition to ancestor worship and banquets, various activities are also held. When the New Year comes, the whole family stays up late. After eating the "Crossing Earth Dinner" (which is the most advanced reunion meal between the Miao family and their ancestors in the underworld) and celebrating the New Year, people carry out various activities. Worshiping the Dragon Pond, worshiping the Goddess of the Fields, and playing the sheng accompanied by dancing are very lively and are the most solemn scenes in the Miao Year. Praying to gods for a good harvest is a major theme of Miao Nian activities. The Miao people celebrate the New Year with a variety of foods, including rice, glutinous rice cakes, meat (sour meat), fish (sour fish), etc. There is also a special food called "chili bone", which is fragrant and spicy, can increase appetite and drive away It protects against cold and prevents colds. It is a common food in the Miao family and is also a good treat for guests.

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I don’t know what everyone knows about the Miao people I don't know much about ethnic minorities, but I recently learned about the customs of the Miao people from books, among which I think the Miao Huashan Festival is very interesting.

From the second day to the seventh day of the first lunar month, it is the annual "Huashan Mountain" festival for the Miao people in Pingbian, Mengzi, Hekou and other places in Yunnan. At this time, Miao people from all villages and villages come to the open slopes between several Miao villages in all directions. The "flower pole" is an important symbol of the Huashan Festival. It is usually a tall and straight pine or cypress tree, tied with flowers and colorful flags. The people of Dinghua Village (also known as Huagantou) are generally recognized as "kind-hearted people". This person must put up the flower pole before the sun rises on the first morning of the festival.

On the day of "Treading on Huashan", the "Huagantou" first toasts and gives blessings to those participating in "Treading on Huashan", and then announces the start of the "Treading on Huashan" festival.

At this time, gongs and drums were blasting inside and outside Huashan Field, firecrackers and bronze cannons were ringing one after another, flowers and flags were fluttering in the wind, and various celebration activities began one after another. Some young men and women sang folk songs in duet, some danced the three-step dance, the kick dance, some danced the lion dance, and some bullfighted. The whole Huashan Field was filled with joy.

The Miao people in northeastern and southern Yunnan celebrate the "Huashan Mountain Festival" on June 6 of the lunar calendar every year. Legend has it that in ancient times, the Miao people were defeated in war and exiled in a foreign land. Thinking of the pain of their ancestors fleeing to various places, they shed tears of sadness. On the sixth day of June one year, the ancestors appeared and advised them not to be too sad and to go to the top of the mountain to play the reed pipe, sing and dance for us. After saying this, a flower fell from the sky and hung on a tree. Everyone sang, danced and played the Lusheng around this tree. This year's crops grew particularly well. From then on, every June 6th, the Miao family would put on their festive costumes, plant a flower tree on the mountain, and hold activities such as reed dance, bullfighting, lion dance, and flower pole climbing. Among them, the most eye-catching one is the flower climbing pole. Whoever climbs higher will be rewarded with a pig's head and good wine. This is the Huashan Festival of the Miao people. Isn’t it very lively? 3. An essay on the customs and habits of the Miao people

The Miao people mainly live in the southeastern part of Guizhou Province, the Damiao Mountains of Guangxi, Hainan Island and the junction areas of Guizhou, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangxi and other provinces and regions. In ancient Chinese classics, there have long been records about the ancestors of the Miao people more than 5,000 years ago. These are the clans and tribes known as the "Southern Barbarians" from the Yellow River Basin to the south of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. The Miao people have migrated many times in history, and the general route is from the Yellow River Basin to Hunan (Hunan), to Guizhou (Guizhou), and to Yunnan (Yunnan).

The Miao people have their own language, which belongs to the Miao branch of the Miao-Yao language family of the Sino-Tibetan language family. Originally there was no ethnic script, but in the late 1950s a Latinized pinyin script was created. Most people today speak Chinese.

The Miao people used to believe in animism, worship nature, and worship their ancestors. "Drum Sacrifice Festival" is the largest sacrificial activity among the Miao people. Generally, there is a small sacrifice every seven years and a big sacrifice every thirteen years. It is held on Yihai day from October to November of the lunar calendar. At that time, a Guzi ox will be killed, the Lusheng dance will be performed, and the ancestors will be paid homage to. Invite relatives and friends to gather together during meals in order to enhance feelings and family harmony. The Miao people have a long history of music and dance, and the popular Lusheng dance is highly skilled. The Miao people's arts and crafts such as cross-stitching, embroidery, brocade, batik, and jewelry making are magnificent and colorful and enjoy a high reputation in the world. The Miao people have many festivals, and the more solemn festivals include the "Miao Year", "April Eighth", and the "Dragon Boat" Festival.

Rice is the staple food for the Miao people in most areas. Fried food is the most common fried food. If you add some fresh meat and sauerkraut as filling, the taste will be more delicious.

Most of the meat comes from livestock and poultry breeding. The Miao people in Sichuan, Yunnan and other places like to eat dog meat. There is a saying that "the dogs of the Miao people are the wine of the Yi people". In addition to animal oil, the edible oils of the Miao family are mostly camellia oil and vegetable oil.

The Miao people attach great importance to etiquette. When guests come to visit, they will kill chickens and ducks to entertain them warmly. If they are distinguished guests from afar, the Miao people are accustomed to treating the guests to drink horn wine first. When eating chicken, the chicken head should be given to the elder among the guests, and the chicken legs should be given to the youngest guest. In some places, there is also the custom of dividing chicken hearts, that is, the eldest host in the family uses chopsticks to give chicken or duck hearts to the guests, but the guests cannot eat them themselves and must divide the chicken hearts equally among the elderly people present. If the guest is a light drinker and does not like to eat fat meat, it can explain the situation. If the host does not force the meal, but does not eat and drink enough, it will be regarded as looking down on the host. The Miao people value true feelings and are very enthusiastic, and most avoid glitz and hypocrisy. The host should not take the first step or go in front when meeting guests on the road; use honorifics in conversation; wear festive clothes when welcoming guests; serve wine outside the village to greet distinguished guests; when guests arrive at the door, the host should call the door and inform them The hostess at home should open the door with a song to welcome guests; the hostess should not climb up the stairs in front of guests. Miao taboos

Childbirth taboos: Women giving birth should avoid outsiders entering the house. Those who accidentally enter must wash their feet and drink a bowl of cold water when going out to prevent the mother's milk from being "stepped dry". Pregnant women should avoid eating sow beef, sow pork, rooster meat, small fish, vegetables, peppers, etc. In some Miao areas, pregnant women are prohibited from meeting pregnant women or going to other mothers' homes, otherwise they are thought to prolong the period of delivery.

Farming taboos: Miao people are forbidden to see outsiders when they return from delivering manure to the fields for the first time every year. If they meet them, they are forbidden to say hello. When planting seedlings, if you see fish in the seedling field, avoid talking about fish, otherwise the fish will eat the seedling roots. In some villages, small ears of millet are left unharvested when harvesting millet. If children ask about it, avoid saying "no more" and say "they haven't grown up yet", otherwise the millet will refuse to grow anymore due to sadness. It is taboo to mention rats in the fields, lest they come to destroy the crops if heard, they can only be referred to as "their father and son". Avoid Wu Day. After the beginning of spring in the first month, avoid moving earth and carrying water on Wu Day.

Funeral taboos: In some Miao areas, it is forbidden for men to die during the day and for women to die at night. It is believed that the time is wrong and the deceased must be accompanied by a deceased person of the opposite sex. If the deceased was unwell, the bereaved family would often ask a wizard to recite the incantation "Change", and at the same time make a palm-sized wooden coffin to bury the deceased together, as a sign of companionship. It is forbidden to put iron, copper and other non-silver metals, cotton and things coated with tung oil in the coffin. It is believed that if the deceased cannot buy water on the way back to the East, the iron and copper will also torture the deceased. In some Miao areas, people can work on the day of death in the village, but they are prohibited from going to the fields. On this day, people in the same village are not allowed to carry firewood home, otherwise they will be in trouble. During the coffin period, family members are not allowed to eat vegetables. Within one month after the burial, nothing in the home may be sold or borrowed.

Taboos of living customs: In some Miao areas, it is forbidden to wash drinking pots, rice bags, and rice bowls at any time. They can only wash them when eating new rice, as a sign of getting rid of the old rice and welcoming the new rice. Washing at any time will wash away the wealth of the family, and there will not be enough food to eat. When drinking raw water on the mountain, avoid drinking it directly. You must first put a grass mark to show that you will kill the sick and ghosts. Avoid touching other people's clothes left on the roadside to avoid spreading leprosy. It is forbidden for children to play with small bows and arrows at home, for fear of hitting their ancestors. Avoid crossing the child's head, otherwise the child will not grow taller. It is forbidden for women to sit on the same bench as their elders.

Guests should not call the host "Miaozi", they like to call themselves "Meng"; it is forbidden to kill dogs, beat dogs, and eat dog meat; you cannot sit on the place where the ancestors of the Miao family sit, and you cannot use your feet on the tripod on the fire kang. You are not allowed to step on the grass; you are not allowed to whistle at home or at night; you are not allowed to shoot the ashes and eat the roasted glutinous rice rakes; you are not allowed to use belts to tie up seedlings and family members when playing; do not enter the house when there are straw hats or branches hanging on the door or during weddings and funerals; when you meet newlyweds on the road, Don't go through the middle etc.

Glutinous rice is also an indispensable food in the marriage process of young men and women. The Miao people in Chengbu, Hunan, give each other glutinous rice cakes with pictures of mandarin ducks as tokens. During a wedding, the bride and groom drink cups of wine, and the officiant invites the bride and groom to eat glutinous rice cakes with pictures of dragons, phoenixes and dolls. 4. An essay about folk customs

Taiping Drum

The blue sky, white clouds and loess soil, the man from the plateau is beating the peace, the thunder is thundering for thousands of miles, and the clouds of the five continents are rising under the feet.

This poem makes people seem to hear the earth-shattering sound of the Lanzhou Taiping Drum, see the cheerful and vigorous posture of the drum beaters, and feel the overwhelming momentum. Lanzhou Taiping Drum has distinctive regional characteristics and a long history. According to legend, Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, unified the world and became emperor. Only the general of the Yuan Dynasty, Kao Kuo Tiemu'er, resisted in Lanzhou. Zhu Yuanzhang was very angry. In the eleventh year of Hongwu, he sent general Xu Da to attack the expanded Tiemu'er. However, the city of Lanzhou is in danger and cannot be conquered for a long time. A counselor came up with an idea: "It's the Spring Festival now, and people in the northwest love to play with social fire. Why not have some soldiers disguise themselves as common people, and some as people playing with social fire, sneak into the city, and cooperate inside and outside, so that we can capture Lanzhou City." Xu Da According to the plan, the end drum was changed into a long drum and hidden in the knife drum. During the Lantern Festival, people pretend to be soldiers, carrying long drums on their backs, walking and playing, and sneak into the city. Early the next morning, Xu Da sent an order to attack the city. Suddenly, drums and horns sounded, and the sound of killing was loud. As soon as Temur'er went up to the tower, he heard a sudden sound of cannons, the city gates opened wide, and the city fell. Zhu Yuanzhang unified China and believed that Duangu had made great contributions and brought peace to the world, so he named it "Taiping Drum". In recent years, Lanzhou Taiping Drum has been invited to participate in large-scale celebrations such as the Asian Games, welcoming the return of Hong Kong, and celebrating the 50th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China many times, and has been praised as "the best drum in the world".

Peach Blossom Fair

The Peach Blossom Fair is held grandly in Taoyuan, Anning District every April when the peach blossoms are in full bloom. This event has been held every year since the first Peach Blossom Fair held by the Lanzhou Municipal People's Government in 1984. In addition to outings and flower appreciation, tourists can also visit a variety of cultural and artistic activities, calligraphy and painting exhibitions, economic and trade negotiations, etc.

Taoyuan in Anning District stretches from Liujiabao in the east to Shajingyi in the west, stretching for 15 kilometers and covering an area of ??more than 8,000 acres. There are more than 300,000 peach trees of 184 varieties, including late water peaches, purple peaches, The most famous varieties are Jinghong peach, Zaoxiangyu peach, white pink peach, semi-dry peach, Li peach water honey, and June peach. Peach trees are native to northwest China and have a history of more than 3,000 years. (Xijing Miscellaneous Notes) records: "When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty first built Shanglin Garden, the officials presented fresh fruits, including fine walnuts, purple-striped peaches, and Jincheng peaches." Jincheng peach is the late water peach produced in Anning Taoyuan, which shows that Lanzhou has produced fresh peaches for at least two thousand years. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Lanzhou's burnt peaches were listed as tribute. Lanzhou fresh peaches have bright fruits, fine flesh, sweet and juicy taste, rich in fat, protein, fruit acid and various minerals and vitamins. They are top-grade peaches and can be eaten for a long time to prolong life.

Anning Taoyuan in Lanzhou has been a gathering place for flower viewing since the Qing Dynasty. At that time, most of the flower-viewers were talented people, beauties and dignitaries. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, De Fu once wrote a poem about Luobo River in Lanzhou: "I remember Lanzhou well, and I am proud of the abundant fruits in spring. The lights are shining in three cities, and the colors are scattered all over the city. The green trees encourage the singing boards, and the fragrant dust chases the brocade cars. The green and green On Fangcao Road, wine curtains are slanting everywhere." During the Ming Dynasty, with the increase in residents and the improvement of transportation in this area, Anning Peach Blossoms became visible to the public. Li Shaoling's poem goes: "There are clusters of flowers in front of and behind the mountains, and people in and outside the garden are like jade. Every household is busy looking at the flowers, but there is not enough to see the beautiful faces of the people." During the flowering season, the peach blossoms are as gorgeous as brocade, just like the red clouds falling from the sky, and the scenery is so beautiful.

Spring Festival Shehuo

During the Spring Festival, the social fire performances on the streets of Lanzhou are unique. Generally starting around the tenth day of the first lunar month, farmers' social fire teams organized by various districts and counties gather in the city center and line up in different shapes. They dance along the main street and beat gongs and drums, creating a lively and spectacular scene. When walking to Dongfanghong Square, many people form a circle and perform for tourists and citizens. The Shehuo performance can last until around the Lantern Festival.

The performances of the Lanzhou Shehuo Team are rich and colorful. The most eye-catching is the stilt team. They wear costumes, hold knives and guns, and dress up as dramatic characters. They stand on wooden stilts more than four feet high, accompanied by Walking and dancing to the beat of gongs and drums. The iron core is also ingenious and uses cleverness to win. They dressed up children with delicate features and lithe bodies as dramatic characters, forming a series of dramas. The children tied high to the iron core moved slowly along with the carrying vehicle. The most spectacular thing is the Taiping Drum Corps. The drummers beat the drums rhythmically and jumped up and down according to the president's banner, and the sound of the drums was exciting. The lion dance is mainly about watching the neat fists and kicks of the samurai when he teases the lion with the hydrangea. Lanzhou Spring Festival social fire also includes land boats, wheelbarrows and bamboo horses. Programs such as Big Head Arhat and Liu Cui. The team often leads the way with "Wind Mother", which is the image of "Wind Aunt" corresponding to "Rain Master". In mythology, it is the god of rain caused by wind and rain. Its shape is similar to Caidan, extremely ugly, with red peppers hanging from its earlobes. , holding a fan in one hand and holding a diamond-shaped plaster flag with "Good Weather" written on it in the other, twisting it around with exaggerated and comical movements. It is hilarious and expresses people's mood and desire to pray for good weather and a stable harvest.

Combine 5. Write an essay on the customs of the Miao people

① Folk customs of the Miao people The Miao people have their own traditional festivals, such as the Miao New Year, Lagu Festival, Lusheng Festival, etc., but Among them, the most solemn and richest is Miao Nian.

The time for celebrating the Miao Year varies from place to place. The Miao Year in Rongshui, Sanjiang and Longsheng areas usually falls on the Hai day of the 11th lunar month.

The Miao New Year is grand and lively. In addition to ancestor worship and banquets, various activities are also held. When the New Year comes, the whole family stays up late.

After eating the "Crossing Earth Dinner" (this is the reunion meal between the Miao family and their ancestors in the underworld) and celebrating the New Year, people carry out various activities. Worshiping the Dragon Pond, worshiping the Goddess of the Fields, and playing the sheng accompanied by dancing are very lively and are the most solemn scenes in the Miao Year.

Praying to gods for a good harvest is a major theme of Miao Nian activities. The Miao people celebrate the New Year with a variety of foods, including rice, glutinous rice cakes, meat (sour meat), fish (sour fish), etc. There is also a special food called "chili bone", which is fragrant and spicy, can increase appetite and drive away It protects against cold and prevents colds. It is a common food in the Miao family and is also a good treat for guests.

————————————————————② I don’t know how much you know about the Miao people. I don’t know much about ethnic minorities either, but recently in I learned about the customs of the Miao people from the book, and I found the Huashan Festival of the Miao people very interesting. From the second day to the seventh day of the first lunar month, it is the annual "Huashan Mountain" festival for the Miao people in Pingbian, Mengzi, Hekou and other places in Yunnan.

Every time at this time, Miao people from various villages and villages flock to the open slopes between several Miao villages in all directions. The "flower pole" is an important symbol of the Huashan Festival. It is usually a tall and straight pine or cypress tree, tied with flowers and colorful flags.

The people of Dinghua Village (also known as Huagantou) are generally recognized as "kind-hearted people". This person must put up the flower pole before the sun rises on the first morning of the festival.

On the day of "Stepping on Huashan", the "Huagantou" first toasts and gives blessings to those participating in "Stepping on Huashan", and then announces the start of the "Stepping on Huashan" festival. At this time, gongs and drums were blasting inside and outside Huashan Field, firecrackers and bronze cannons were ringing one after another, flowers and flags were fluttering in the wind, and various celebration activities began one after another.

Some young men and women sang folk songs in duet, some danced the three-step dance, some danced, some danced the lion dance, and some had bullfighting. The whole Huashan Field was filled with joy. The Miao people in northeastern and southern Yunnan celebrate the "Huashan Mountain Festival" on June 6 of the lunar calendar every year.

Legend has it that in ancient times, the Miao people were defeated in war and exiled in a foreign land. Thinking of the pain of their ancestors fleeing to various places, they shed tears of sadness. On the sixth day of June one year, the ancestors appeared and advised them not to be too sad and to go to the top of the mountain to play the reed pipe, sing and dance for us.

After saying that, a flower fell from the sky and hung on a tree. Everyone sang, danced and played the Lusheng around this tree. This year's crops grew particularly well.

From then on, every June 6th, the Miao family would put on their festive costumes, plant a flower tree on the mountain, and hold activities such as reed dance, bullfighting, lion dance, and flower pole climbing. Among them, the most eye-catching one is the flower climbing pole. Whoever climbs higher will be rewarded with a pig's head and good wine.

This is the Huashan Festival of the Miao people. Isn’t it very lively? . 6. Composition on folk customs, urgent

Fuzhou Tea Pavilion Shiban.

There are different opinions on the origin of the name "Shifan". Some believe that according to the records in Volume 11 of "Yangzhou Painted Fang Lu" by Li Dou of the Qing Dynasty, this music type uses flute, pipe, Xiao, fiddle and Yunluo. Ten musical instruments, such as gong, wooden fish, sandalwood board and drum, are played repeatedly in turn and are called "Shifan". Some people think that "Fan" and "Huan" in Fuzhou dialect have the same pronunciation, and "Fan" evolved from "Huan".

Fuzhou Shifan music is a famous form of folk musical instrument performance. It evolved from the local folk dragon lantern dance. Drums, large and small gongs, large and small cymbals, etc., and later silk and bamboo instruments such as flutes, pipes, shengs, and coconut shells were gradually added. The source of Shifan’s tunes can be divided into four categories: 1. Qupai, which is popular local folk music; 2. Minor tunes, which are folk minor tunes that have gradually become instrumental; 3. Huapai, which is a popular local suona tune; 4. Percussion music, which is only "Qingluogu" played with percussion instruments.

There are two types of performance: indoor and outdoor. Outdoor performance involves walking and singing. Indoor performance bands are divided into front hall and back hall. The front hall is mainly made of gold and leather, and the back hall is mainly made of silk and bamboo. Fujian Opera, commonly known as Fuzhou Opera, is popular in Fuzhou dialect areas and Ningde, Jianyang, Sanming and other places.

Fujian Opera is composed of three different artistic styles: Confucian Opera in the late Ming Dynasty, Jianghu Opera and Pingdao Opera since the middle of the Qing Dynasty. They penetrated and merged with each other, and absorbed Hui Opera and Kun Opera to form It is a comprehensive polyphonic opera mainly composed of Confucian opera with funny tunes. The performance movements of Fujian opera are strong and rough. For example, there are often three chasing and chasing on the stage, flat mouth and suppressed face, trembling hands and legs, and hair and beard swaying and other performance routines.

However, there are also some students and Dan whose movements are more delicate and elegant. Festivals In addition to traditional festivals such as the Spring Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, and Mid-Autumn Festival, Fuzhou also has many unique festivals.

On the twenty-ninth day of the first lunar month, Fuzhou celebrates the "Aojiu Festival" (also known as the "Latter Nine Festival", "Filial Piety Festival" and "Send the Poor Festival").

Early this morning, every household uses glutinous rice and brown sugar, plus peanuts, red dates, longans, red beans, walnuts, sesame and other rice to cook "Aojiu porridge" to worship ancestors and give gifts to the villagers. Married daughters should bring a bowl of "Aojiu porridge" back to their parents' home to honor their parents. As the saying goes in Fuzhou, "Every nine will lead to poverty". It is believed that "nine" or multiples of "nine" in a person's age will bring bad luck, so they must find ways to give it to their parents. poverty.

Birthdays and Funerals Fujian attaches great importance to birthday wishes to the elders. Fuzhou tradition is that men celebrate nine and women celebrate ten.

For example, if a man celebrates his sixtieth birthday, he must do it when he is fifty-nine years old, because "nine" and "jiu" are homophonic, symbolizing longevity. In addition, on the day before the first birthday, you must first do "inlaid longevity".

That is, on the day before the birthday, all the birthday candles sent by the younger generations are lit in front of the ancestors' spirits, and three paper flowers are placed in each of the three bowls of birthday noodles. The younger members of the clan bow to the deceased and then sit down. Drink and have fun. If the younger generation is rich, they can ask Confucianism and Taoism to set up a hall to chant sutras, and pray to the Big Dipper for blessings and longevity on behalf of those who have passed away, which is called "worshiping the bucket".

Fuzhou’s funeral customs are very cumbersome and extravagant. When the deceased is dying, relatives must remove the mosquito net from their bed, which is said to allow the soul to leave the body after death; after the deceased dies, they must change their clothes and put a "white" sticker on the door to set off cannons.

Then send people around to announce the funeral, prepare a big bucket full of soil and sand, light the candle and insert it into the bucket, and place it on the ground in front of the deceased's bed, as if rushing to the underworld for the deceased. illumination. The face of the deceased must be covered with white paper to show the difference between yin and yang.

Belief taboos There is widespread worship of trees, mountains and rocks among Fujian folk. All older trees are regarded as sacred trees with spiritual energy.

Such as Maple God, Banyan God, Zhang God, Song Gong, etc. Among them, the banyan tree is more popular as the incarnation of the auspicious god.

No matter in towns or villages, under the famous ancient banyan tree with its thick shade blocking out the sun, there will be people offering incense and praying for peace under the tree. Taboos about life in Fuzhou are everywhere.

When the host invites you to a meal, he usually serves the rice as high as a mountain. The guest can express that he cannot eat so much and put the rice into the host's bowl, but he must not hesitate, let alone transfer it easily. It is extremely unlucky to stick chopsticks in the rice bowl. Because when Fuzhou enshrines the head of the coffin in the mourning hall, there is a full bowl of "mourning food" with a pair of chopsticks stuck directly on it.

When attending a wedding banquet, do not overlap the plates or bowls, otherwise it means bigamy. There are more taboos in speaking. "Asking for a bowl of rice" should be said as "Come for a bowl of rice" to avoid the implication of asking for food.

Food and Tea Drinking Among the eight major cuisines of Beijing, Shandong, Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Sichuan and Hunan, Fujian cuisine is unique. Fuzhou cuisine is the main representative of Fujian cuisine and has a unique flavor.

The ingredients and seasonings of Fuzhou cuisine are mainly local materials. The operation pays attention to knife skills and heat. The main characteristics of these methods are: (1) Make good use of sugar. Fuzhou people like to use sugar to season their dishes, which tend to be sweet, sour and light. This is a different style from Sichuan and Hunan cuisine, which mostly use chili peppers.

Use sugar to remove the fishy smell, use vinegar to make it sour and refreshing, which is suitable for the hot climate of Fuzhou; the lightness is to preserve the original flavor and umami. (2) Commonly used.

Red glutinous rice is a specialty of Fujian. There are more than ten ways to use red glutinous rice grains in Fuzhou cuisine, such as artillery grains, light glutinous rice grains and drunken glutinous rice grains. In addition, shrimp oil is also used in condiments.

(3) Many soup dishes. Fuzhou cuisine is good at using soup to preserve its flavor, and there is a saying of "one hundred soups and one hundred flavors".

Soup is the essence of Fujian cuisine. There are more than 2,000 varieties of Fuzhou cauliflower, and its famous dishes such as "Buddha Jumps over the Wall" and "Stir-fried Bamboo Clams with Mild Grain Grain" are famous overseas.

Fujian has abundant rainfall and red-yellow soil, which has excellent conditions for growing tea. Green tea, oolong tea, black tea, scented tea, white tea and compressed tea are the six major tea categories in my country. Except for compressed tea, which is mainly consumed by ethnic minorities, the other five major tea categories are produced in large quantities in Fujian, and almost every county produces tea. Together with Zhejiang, Hunan, Anhui and Sichuan, it is one of the five major tea-producing areas in my country, and some of its treasures, such as Anxi's "Tieguanyin", Wuyishan's "Dahongpao" and Fuding's "Pekko Silver Needle" are famous far and wide.

Fujian has a long history of tea production. During the Southern Tang Dynasty, there was the "Beiyuan Imperial Tea Garden" in northern Fujian. The custom of drinking tea was the most prosperous in the country. It has become a "no family can live without tea", forming a unique drinking tradition. Tea customs. Take your pick, that's probably it.

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