Nan Opera that is both elegant and popular
"Quanzhou Nanyin" Quanzhou Nanyin
Quanzhou Nanyin was included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage protection in 2006 List, in September 2009, it was selected into the UNESCO "Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity". Quanzhou Nanyin, formerly known as "Xianguan", is one of the oldest existing music types in China that has been accumulated and diversified through the ages. It was immigrants from the Central Plains who came to Fujian again and again during the Han, Jin, Tang and Song dynasties, bringing the music culture of the Central Plains to Fujian. Entering Quanzhou, it was formed by combining it with local folk music, reflecting the historical accumulation of Chinese ancient music moving southward in different periods.
Quanzhou Puppet Show
"Puppet Show" was included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage protection lists in 2006. In December 2012, the "Fujian Puppet Show Talents Training Plan" jointly applied by Quanzhou Puppet Theater, Jinjiang Palm Puppet Theater and Zhangzhou Puppet Theater was selected into UNESCO's "Excellent Practice List of Intangible Cultural Heritage". During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Quanzhou's social economy was very prosperous, and multiculturalism flourished. There are many temples, and folk beliefs and folk activities such as praying for blessings and warding off disasters, honoring gods and fulfilling wishes, and performing rituals to bring out evil spirits are extremely prosperous. Quanzhou string puppet show gives full play to its unique functions and has become an indispensable and important part of people's life customs such as birth, old age, illness and death. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were many string puppet theater troupes in Quanzhou, and the performances were prosperous and spectacular.
"Living Fossil of Southern Opera" Liyuan Opera
In 2002, Liyuan Opera, as a typical representative of my country's "oral and intangible cultural heritage", was included in the database of traditional folk performing arts by the Asia-Pacific Cultural Center . "Liyuan Opera" was included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage protection lists in 2006. Liyuan Opera is one of the rare ancient operas in China that has been preserved to this day. It has profound cultural heritage and rich traditional performing arts. It is considered by academic circles to be the legacy of Southern Opera in the Song and Yuan Dynasties.
"Pearl of the South China Sea" Gaojia Opera
"Gaojia Opera" was included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage protection lists in 2006. Gaojia Opera, formerly known as Gejia Opera and Jiujia Opera, was born in the "opera nest" environment of Quanzhou and is rooted in the folk. It uses the Quan dialect of southern Fujian dialect and uses Nanyin as its basic singing style, thus becoming a very popular appreciation in the region. of major dramas. In the first half of the last century, folk Gaojia troupes spread throughout urban and rural areas of Quanzhou.
Jinjiang Bag Puppet Show
Puppet show was included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage protection lists in 2006. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, puppet theater performances in Jinjiang and other places were very active, and many famous artists appeared. In the last years of Daoguang, Li Kecha founded the "Jin Yongcheng" puppet theater troupe. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, some famous puppet theater troupes emerged in various counties in Quanzhou, such as the "Five Tiger Troupes" in southern Fujian during the Tongzhi and Guangxu years of the Qing Dynasty.
"Emperor's Voice" Quanzhou Beiguan
"Quanzhou Beiguan" was included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage protection lists in 2006. Beiguan, also known as Beiguan, Xiaoqu, Xiaodiao and Quzai, is a kind of silk and bamboo music popular in Quangang District, Quanzhou City. In the eighth year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty, Liu Yonglai and Zhuang Xiao brought folk music from the Jianghuai area to Quangang. It spread throughout Quangang and often participated in folk activities such as the bride and groom's "bridal chamber". In the same year, Liu Ajiu was invited to participate in the outing to "send Confucius off" in Quanzhou. The sound of her sheng performance shocked the audience. Quanzhou Futai applied for the constitution and was awarded the title of "Yisheng". He was sent to the government school to study, and he was given the stage name Wuting. . From then on, Beiguan was highly praised by local officials and literati.
"Minnan Disco" Breast Clapping Dance
"Quanzhou Chest Clapping Dance" was included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage protection lists in 2006. Quanzhou chest-beating dance is one of the most representative folk dances in Fujian. As the name suggests, "chest-beating dance" is characterized by shirtless breast-beating. It is also known as "Daqiqing", "Dahuachuo" and "Beggar's Dance". The dancers put a special straw rope hoop on their heads, which is made of twisted straw and looks like a snake. The straw is tied into a straw hoop and put on the head. It is not only a relic of the ancient Fujian and Vietnam rice culture, but also a symbol of the snake totem culture. The remains are also the remains of the ancient Minyue people's sacrificial dance. This ancient custom is still preserved in the Tujia sacrificial dance of the Bachu culture in the same cultural category, which can prove the ancient origin of the chest-beating dance.
The ugly performance art of Kepa Gaojia Opera
"Gaojia Opera" was included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage expansion projects in 2008.
Gaojia opera's clown performances are the most attractive and have the widest influence. Gaojia opera, which is popular in southern Fujian, is most famous for its clown performances, which is a unique performance in opera. The founder of Kepa Gaojia Xiugong performing art is Ke Xianxi, "the most ugly person in southern Fujian". Commonly known as Luoxi performing art, it originated in Jinjiang, Quanzhou, Fujian. It is spread in Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou and other places in southern Fujian, as well as in countries such as Hong Kong, Macau and the Philippines.
"Religious Drama" Dacheng Opera
In 2008, Dacheng Opera was included in the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage protection lists. Quanzhou Dacheng Opera is a local opera with obvious religious characteristics that evolved from the Buddhist rituals of monks and Taoists since the Song and Yuan Dynasties in Quanzhou and Jinjiang. Because the rituals on the last day of the Purdue Ceremony are marked by the techniques of "defeating the underground city" and "defeating the paradise city" as well as martial arts and acrobatic performances, it is called the "Dancing Opera". This drama is the only one in China The religious drama is a wonder of Quanzhou traditional drama.
Anhai Dragon Boat Festival custom
"Dragon Boat Festival" was included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage in 2008. Expand the project list. The Anhai Dragon Boat Festival custom of "sou__", also called lotus picking, is a Dragon Boat Festival custom in Quanzhou. Three days before the Dragon Boat Festival, clay sculptures or wood carvings symbolizing the dragon god are carried out on the six pavilions dedicated to the Dragon King in Anhai. People burn incense and kowtow at the Dragon King's head. They set out in the afternoon of the Dragon Boat Festival to walk through the streets and alleys to perform the "Sou__" activity. During the "Sou__" activity, they repeatedly chanted the "Lotus Picking Song", and almost every lyric was sung. There is a line of "妦__" to be sung, so the people like to call lotus picking "妦__". According to research, this repeatedly chanted line "妦__ahyiduahahlie" has the same meaning as "妦__ahyiduahahlie". The peace mantras used in ancient my country's Buddhism and Taoism to ward off evil and suppress evil have the same origin.