1. Music system

Music: expresses people’s thoughts and feelings through vivid artistic images and reflects social real life. It can make us happy or it can make us sad. It meets people's aesthetic needs and cultivates people's sentiments. It is the most common language among people in the world. * l# z4 Z$ c; y( z" j2 i9 s+ I9 H

Elements of musical language: including melody, rhythm, beat, speed, dynamics, range, timbre, harmony, mode, Tonality, etc.

Melody refers to a series of musical tones of different lengths, pitches, and strengths. It is the foundation and soul of music.

Rhythm refers to the organization of music. The relationship between the length of the sound.

The beat refers to the regular alternation of strong and weak beats of equal duration.

The speed refers to the fast and slow progress of the music.

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Strength refers to the strength and weakness of the music.

The range refers to the range of the vocal or music in a certain work, which is usually divided into the high range, the midrange and the low range. Bass area.

Tone refers to the acoustic characteristics of different voices or instruments.

Harmony refers to the simultaneous combination of sounds and their continuous progression. p>Mode means that several tones form a system according to a certain relationship, with one of the tones as the center (the main tone). This system is called mode.

Tonality refers to the mode. Characteristics.

Music sound: a sound that vibrates regularly and sounds distinct.

Noise: a sound that vibrates irregularly and sounds unclear.

Musical tone system: The sum of musical tones used in music.

Tone level: Each tone in the musical tone system is called a tone level.

Semitone: in piano. On the keyboard, the pitch relationship between any two adjacent keys is a semitone.

On the piano keyboard, the pitch relationship between any two keys separated by one key is a whole step.

< p>note name: the name of the sound. It is represented by C, D, E, F, G, A, B.

The name used when singing the score. , sol, la, si to sing.

Sound group: The seven basic tone levels are repeated cyclically, producing many sounds with the same name but different pitches, so they can be divided into several groups, called these groups. It is a sound group.

Tune: The absolute height of each tone in the music system. The temperament widely used in countries around the world is the twelve equal temperament, and there are also pure temperament and fifth degree temperament.

Twelve equal temperament: Divide the octave into twelve equal parts

Fundamental tone and overtone: When the string vibrates and is pronounced, not only the whole string vibrates, but also its second, third and fourth sections. Segments... are also vibrating to produce sounds. The sound produced by the vibration of the whole string, that is, the sound that can be heard most clearly, is called the fundamental sound; the sound produced by the vibration of other segments is not easy to hear clearly, called the overtone.

Voice range: refers to the sound range. Musical system, vocals, musical instruments or the pitch range of a piece of music

2. Rhythm and beat

Rhythm: The organized relationship between length and length is called rhythm.

< p>Rhythm pattern: A typical rhythm in musical works.

Beat: The regular alternation of strong beats and weak beats of equal duration.

Beat: The unit that represents the beat is called "beat", and "beat" is organized according to certain strength and weakness rules and is called "beat".

Bar: The unit used to calculate the length of music titles, sections, and the entire piece of music. (Beat is the basic unit of measure).

Bar line: The line perpendicular to the staff before the downbeat in the score is called the "bar line".

Paragraph line: Use "!!" when dividing the music into sections.

End line: Use "!" at the end of the music.

Time signature: The mark indicating the beat.

Types of beats: 1. Single beat: Each measure has two or three beats.

2. Compound beat: a combination of two or more single beats of the same type.

3. Mixed beat: a combination of two or more different types of single beats.

4. Changing beats: Two or more beats appear alternately.

Weak attack: The music does not start on the strong beat.

Syncopation: A sound starts from the weak part of the beat and continues to the stronger part later. This sound is called "syncopation".

Special divisions of rhythm: 1. Triplets: Divide the basic beat equally into three parts.

2. Five (six, seven, nine) legato: divide the basic beat equally into five (six, seven, nine) parts.

3. Musical interval

Musical interval: The height relationship between two sounds is called musical interval.

Melody interval: Two notes played one after another are called melody intervals.

Harmony interval: Two tones played at the same time are called harmony intervals.

Crown and root sounds: In the interval, the higher sound is called the crown sound; the lower sound is called the root sound.

The degree of the interval: The number of lines and spaces contained in the interval on the staff is called the degree.

The number of notes in an interval: The number of whole tones and semitones contained in an interval is called the number of notes. )

Natural intervals: pure intervals (perfect first, perfect fourth, perfect fifth, perfect octave), major intervals (major second, major third, major sixth, major seventh), Minor intervals (minor second, minor third, minor sixth, minor seventh), augmented fourth, and diminished fifth are called "natural intervals".

Pure degree: a degree with a note number of 0. Minor second: a second with a note number of 1/2.

Major second: the second with a note number of 1. Minor third: the second with a note number of 1 1/2.

Major third: a third with a note number of 2. Perfect fourth: a fourth with a note number of 2 1/2.

Augmented fourth: a fourth with a note number of 3. Perfect fifth: A fifth with a note number of 3 1/2.

Diminished fifth: a fifth with a note number of 3. Major sixth: a sixth with a note number of 4 1/2.

Minor sixth: a sixth with a note number of 4. Major seventh: A seventh with a note number of 5 1/2.

Minor seventh: a seventh with a note number of 5. Pure octave: an octave with a note number of 6.

Changing intervals: Except for augmented fourths and diminished fifths, all increasing, diminishing, doubling, and doubling intervals are called "changing intervals."

Augmented intervals: When major intervals and pure intervals are increased by a semitone, they are called augmented intervals.

Diminished intervals: When minor intervals and pure intervals are reduced by a semitone, they are called diminished intervals.

Doubled intervals: When augmented intervals and pure intervals are increased by a semitone, they are called doubled intervals.

Doubled Diminished Interval: When a diminished interval is reduced by a semitone, it is called a Diminished Interval.

Single intervals: intervals not exceeding an octave are called single intervals.

Polyphonic intervals: intervals exceeding an octave are called polyphonic intervals.

Equal intervals: When two intervals are listened to in isolation, the intervals with the same sound effect but different writing and meaning are called equal intervals.

Transposition of intervals: the interchange of the positions of the root and crown of an interval.

The rules for transposing intervals: 1. The degree of the transposed interval = 9 - the degree of the original interval; 2. A pure interval remains a pure interval after transposition; 3. A major interval becomes a minor interval after transposition ; 4. Small intervals are transposed to become major intervals; 5. Augmented intervals are transposed to become diminished intervals; 6. Diminished intervals are transposed to become augmented intervals; 7. Doubled intervals are transposed to become doubled intervals; 8. Doubled intervals are transposed. After the interval is transposed, it becomes a doubled interval; 9. After the transposition of the increased octave interval, it is not reduced by one degree, but by an octave; after the transposition of the doubled octave interval, it should be doubled and subtracted by an octave.

Consonance interval: 1. Extremely complete consonance interval: that is, pure one degree and pure octave where the sound is extremely integrated. 2. Complete consonance interval: that is, the perfect fourth and perfect fifth where the sounds are fused. 3. Incomplete consonance intervals: that is, the major and minor thirds and major and minor sixths in which the sounds are not fully integrated.

Dissonant intervals: major and minor second, major and minor seventh, and all augmented, diminished, multiplied and doubled intervals that do not sound blended.

4. Chords

Chords: Three or more tones of different pitches, which are combined according to certain rules are called chords.

Triad: Three tones superimposed in thirds are called triads. The three tones from bottom to top are called root, third and fifth. Triads include major, minor, augmented and diminished triads.

Major triad: the root to the third is a major third, the third to the fifth is a minor third, and the root to the fifth is a perfect fifth.

Minor triad: the root to the third is the minor third, the third to the fifth is the major third, and the root to the fifth is the perfect fifth.

Augmented triad: The root note to the third note and the fifth note are all major thirds, and the root note to the fifth note is the augmented fifth.

Diminished triad: The root to the third and fifth are all minor thirds, and the root to the fifth are diminished fifths.

Seventh chords: A chord in which four notes are stacked in thirds is called a seventh chord.

The four tones from bottom to top are called root, third, fifth and seventh. Seventh chords include major and minor sevenths, minor sevenths, diminished sevenths, diminished sevenths, augmented sevenths, major sevenths, minor major sevenths, etc.

Major and minor seventh chords: A chord based on a major trichord, with the root and seventh notes being minor sevenths.

Minor seventh chord: A chord based on the minor triad, with the root and seventh notes being minor sevenths.

Diminished seventh chord: Based on the diminished triad, the root and seventh notes are minor sevenths.

Diminished seventh chord: Based on the diminished triad, the root and seventh notes are diminished seventh chords.

Augmented seventh chord: Based on the augmented triad, the root and seventh notes are major sevenths.

Major seventh chord: A chord based on a major triad, with the root and seventh notes being major sevenths.

Minor major seventh chord: A chord based on the minor triad, with the root and seventh notes being major sevenths.

Position chord: A chord with the root note of the chord as the bass is called a root position chord.

Inversion chords: Chords with the third, fifth, and seventh notes of the chord as the bass are called inversion chords.

Triads have two inversions, and seventh chords have three inversions.

Sixth chord: the first inversion of a triad, with the third note as the bass.

Fourth and Sixth Chord: The second inversion of the triad, with the fifth note as the bass.

The fifth and sixth chords: the first inversion of the seventh chord, with the third note as the bass.

Third and fourth chord: The second inversion of the seventh chord, with the fifth note as the bass.

Second chord: The third inversion of the seventh chord, with the seventh note as the bass.

5. Tone and mode

Mode: Several tones form a system according to a certain relationship and center on a certain sound (the main tone). This system is called mode.

Tonic tone: the most stable tone in the mode.

Major mode: A mode composed of seven tones, in which the stable tones combine to form a major triad. Referred to as "major", it includes natural major, harmonic major, and melodic major.

Natural major: the basic form of the major key and the most widely used.

Harmonic major: Lower the sixth note of the natural major key by a semitone.

Melodic major: lower both the VI and VII levels of the natural major key by a semitone.

Minor mode: A mode composed of seven tones, in which the stable tones combine to form a minor triad. Referred to as "minor", it includes natural minor, harmonic minor, and melodic minor.

Natural minor: the basic form of minor.

Harmonic minor: Raise the seventh degree of the natural minor by a semitone.

Melodic minor: Raise both the VI and VIII steps of the natural minor by a semitone.

Key: The pitch position composed of basic pitch levels is called key.

C key: A key composed of seven basic tone levels, with the main note being C, called C key.

G key: A key composed of seven basic tone levels, with the main tone being G, called G key.

D key: All the notes in the key of G are raised by a fifth, and the main note is D, which is called the key of D. By analogy, we can get the key of A, E, B, #F, #C.

Sharp keys: The key signatures of G, D, A, E, B, #F, #C, #G, #D, #A, #E, and #B are all represented by sharp keys. , so it is called sharp tone.

Flat key: The key signatures of F, bB, bE, bA, bD, bG, bC, and bF are all represented by flat keys, so they are called flat keys.

The cycle of fifths of a key: a cycle formed by arranging each key according to a pure fifth-degree relationship.