1. Little knowledge of lines (knowledge of line drawing)

Little knowledge of lines (knowledge of line drawing) 1. Knowledge of line drawing

Line drawing is A commonly used method in Chinese classical painting is also called line drawing, which is simply drawing with lines. It pays attention to the processing of line details and highlights the front and rear occlusion relationship of objects. It can basically be understood as an ink painting without coloring (except for splash ink). Because the brushwork is delicate and the lines are finely outlined, it is mostly used for figures, flowers and birds.

Lines in line drawing can have many changes, such as length, thickness, curvature, density, weight, firmness and rhythm, etc. According to the ancient classification method, according to the techniques, it can be divided into ancient gossamer painting, piano string painting, iron line painting, Cao Yi painting, prong nail painting, horse locust painting, folded reed painting, olive painting, date stone painting and willow leaf painting. There are eighteen techniques including bamboo leaf tracing, war pen water pattern tracing, subtractive brush tracing, dry wood tracing, earthworm tracing, flowing cloud and flowing water tracing, nail head and rat tail tracing, and mixed tracing. In modern times, some Western sketching techniques have been combined, and it has basically become a general term for paintings without color and only lines.

2. Basic types of lines in small class art

1. Parallel straight lines: When practicing, pay attention to controlling the stability of the wrist and keeping the lines straight. Countless straight lines are arranged together to form a surface. The density of the lines will affect the light and dark depth of the surface.

2. Intersecting straight lines: This is also a more applicable line shape. Straight lines intersect together, and depending on the density of the painting and the number of intersections, surfaces with different lightness and darkness can be formed. It can be said that the practice of intersecting straight lines is the practice of painting.

3. Arc: An arc is a curved line. Arcs can be used to draw curved objects, round objects, textured objects, etc. They are more casual and express texture effects than straight lines.

4. Zigzag line: It is a Z-shaped line. When drawing such lines, you can lay the pen down and use the side of the pen core to draw. It is mostly used in painting methods such as flat painting and smearing, so that the strokes drawn are less obvious. Suitable for representing soft, smooth objects without much texture.

5. Short-term: When practicing, speed up the speed of putting down and picking up the pen, and pay attention to the arrangement in a certain order. Short lines can be used to draw some special textures, hair, etc.

6. Circle line: casual and arbitrary. Flexibly use your wrist strength to draw irregular curves at will. Different curve combinations can be used to express different texture effects. This thread is suitable for shaggy hair, curly hair, irregular texture, etc.

Extended information:

Elements for drawing good lines:

1. The best way to hold the pen is the one that is most comfortable for you and allows you to draw smoothly. . Just be able to draw it with your hand at the turning point of the line.

2. To grasp the basic line type, draw a straight line, and then draw another straight line, which must coincide with the first one, and then draw the third straight line, which must also coincide with the previous one, until you draw ten Multiple pieces can be overlapped together, mainly the coordination of wrists, fingers, and arms.

3. The way to draw a single line is to start the stroke lightly, then to the middle of the line it is heavier, and then to close the stroke lightly, with some lightness and some heaviness. Make the lines appear virtual at both ends and solid in the middle. Such lines are easy to connect with other lines, and it is easier to grasp the overall effect of the picture during the entire painting process. That's what's called frustration.

4. When you have mastered the basic drawing methods, here you need to practice various lines, circles, obliques, curves, and the processing of matching and connection. Draw more and refer to how he drew it. , how he emphasizes the structure or the transition.

5. Combined with perspective, the near is large and the far is small, the near is real and the far is virtual. The processing of edge lines creates a sense of volume.

3. How to practice sketching line skills

Steps to practice sketching line skills

1. When holding the pen, the finger strength should be light, as long as you can hold it with your cheek A pen is enough, the main thing is wrist force. When drawing long straight lines, you need to use your forearm to drive your wrist. Beginners should practice arranging lines for 2 hours a day, and they will be able to easily master pencil drawing arranging lines in the future.

2. Lines are the main means of shaping objects in sketch training. For beginners, it is extremely important to master the straightness and weight of lines. In the process of practicing lines, you should pay attention to the way you use the pen. When writing, you should understand the impact of the movement of the hand, wrist, and elbow on the lines. Draw the relationship between the weight, shade, and density of the lines, so that the lines can be smooth, natural, and orderly. , be easily displayed in smoothness. Correct wiring is a line that is light at both ends and heavy in the middle. It has the same direction and is evenly distributed. It can change the direction of the wiring and deepen it layer by layer. Avoid messy painting.

3. The direction of the wiring is usually from the upper right to the lower left and back and forth. This method is adapted to human physiology, and this method of arranging lines is most commonly used in sketching. There are also top-down and left-to-right processes. In order to express or set off a certain object, the lines are often arranged according to the shape of its edges, and then arranged from the upper right to the lower left.

4. The weight of each line directly affects the change of the tone of the picture. When arranging wires, avoid being deep at both ends and shallow in the middle, and strive to keep the lines even. Because the key cannot be obtained by arranging the lines in one go, it often requires multiple arrangings to achieve success. The line in the second row should not be parallel to the line in the first row. If the first and second lines are parallel, some lines will be repeated and appear too deep, while some will be blank, making the tone uneven. It is necessary to make the previous line arrangement and the next line arrangement staggered, and make the lines intersect into a flat rib shape. In this way, the multi-layer arrangement of lines can achieve the desired tone

5. There are several types of line arrangement: center forward, side forward, flat front, thick line, thin line, sparse line, dense line, For long and short wires, wipe them after arranging them before arranging them again.

Several notes on arranging cables:

1. Don’t hold the pen too far forward, hold it two-thirds of the way.

2. When arranging the lines, the arm should be about an arm's length away from the easel, so that it can be stretched.

3. When drawing short lines, be sure not to retain the method of drawing long lines, just swing your wrist.

4. When painting porcelain, the lines must be arranged thinly. If you can arrange a few lines, just rub it lightly with an eraser a few times to make it look more delicate.

4. Tips on art

Art usually refers to painting, sculpture, arts and crafts, architectural art, etc., a kind of art that is carried out in space, expresses opinions, and appeals to people's vision.

When Europe began to use this name in the seventeenth century, it generally referred to paintings, sculptures, literature, music, etc. with aesthetic significance. When I began to use this term commonly around the time of the May 4th Movement, it also had a connotation equivalent to the entire art.

For example, when Lu Xun explained the word "art" in 1913, he wrote: "Art is the word...translated from the English word Aite. The word "Aite" originally came from Greece, and its friendship is art. .

Soon after, our country used the word "art", which was translated as "爱特", and the word "art" became a name specifically referring to the creation of visual arts such as painting. Techniques and means of artistic image.

For example, painting relies on color, light and shade, lines, anatomy and perspective; sculpture relies on volume and structure. These techniques and means are formed through long-term artistic practice. The plastic arts each have their own special artistic language, which determines the different expression rules of these arts, which is related to the success or failure of the artistic image and the appeal of the artistic works.

The artist's means of plastic expression. Continuous exploration of the regularity and excellence are necessary conditions for artistic creation to express new life content and satisfy people's evolving aesthetic preferences. The golden section is also called the golden rule and the golden ratio. On a line segment, divide the line segment into a long segment and a short segment according to the optimal length and short ratio, or form the best ratio of the long side to the short side of a rectangle according to the optimal ratio of the long and short line segments, which constitutes the golden section 2. Degree space painting term.

Refers to the plane space composed of two factors: length (left and right) and height (up and down).

In order to truly reproduce objects in paintings, we often use perspective, light and shade and other modeling techniques to create a sense of depth and a three-dimensional effect of objects on a plane in two-dimensional space, that is, using two-dimensional space to create the illusion of a three-dimensional space like natural objects. .

Some paintings, such as decorative paintings, pattern paintings, etc., do not require a strong depth effect, but intentionally pursue a flat meaning in the two-dimensional space to obtain artistic expression. Three-dimensional space painting term.

Refers to the three-dimensional space composed of three factors: length (left and right), height (up and down), and depth (depth). In painting, in order to truly reproduce the object, the three-dimensional and depth effects of the three-dimensional space must be shown on the plane.

Plastic arts such as texture painting and sculpture use different expression techniques to express the characteristics of various objects in their works, such as the weight, softness, hardness, and roughness of silk, skin, water, stone, etc. The different qualitative characteristics such as smoothness and smoothness give people a sense of reality and beauty. The sense of volume expresses the weight, thickness, size, and amount of an object with the help of modeling factors such as light and shade, color, and lines.

Such as the dignity of mountains and rocks, the lightness of wind and smoke, etc. Real objects in paintings are required to convey the unique weight and sense of reality of the object.

Using the contrast relationship of quantity can produce diverse and unified effects. Sense of space In painting, according to the principles of geometric perspective and aerial perspective, the relationship between distance, level, interspersion, etc. between objects is depicted, so that it can convey a deep and three-dimensional sense of space in a flat painting.

Volume painting terminology. It means that the visible objects represented on the painting plane can give people a three-dimensional feeling occupying a three-dimensional space.

In painting, any visible object is determined by the structure of the object itself and is composed of blocks with different directions and angles. Therefore, grasping the structural characteristics of the painted objects and analyzing their physical relationships in painting are necessary steps to achieve a sense of volume.

Perspective is a theoretical term for painting. The word "perspective" originates from the Latin "perspclre" (see through).

The initial study of perspective was to look at the scene through a transparent plane, and accurately depict the scene on this plane to form a perspective view of the scene. Later, the science of using lines to show the spatial position, outline and projection of objects on a flat frame according to certain principles was called perspective.

Light and shade are painting terms. It refers to the changes in lightness and darkness of the light-received, backlighted and reflective parts of the object in the painting and the method of expressing this change.

When an object is illuminated by light, it appears in three states of light and dark, which are called three major sides, namely: bright side, middle side, and dark side. The three major surfaces of light, color and light are generally the middle surface and the dark surface.

The three major surfaces of light, color, light and shade generally appear as five basic levels, that is, five tones: ① The bright surface always receives the light; ② The gray surface and the middle surface, half-light and half-dark; ③ The junction between light and single rooms Line - the turning point between the bright part and the dark part; ④ Dark side - the backlight part; ⑤ Reflection - the dark and translucent part of the single surface that is affected by the surrounding reflection. Describing objects according to the levels of light and dark has always been the basic method of Sifang's paintings.

During the Renaissance, Vasari discussed in his "Biographies of Artists": "When painting, after drawing the outline, add shading to roughly separate the light and dark, and then carefully make the light and dark in the single room. "Rembrandt is a master of light and shade techniques among European painters.

Contour A term for plastic arts. Refers to the edge line that defines the range of the object's shape.

In painting and sculpture, the correctness of the outline is considered crucial to the success of the work. Composition A term for plastic arts.

Refers to the structural configuration method of artistic images in works. It is an important means for plastic arts to express the ideological content of works and obtain artistic appeal.

Color is one of the important factors in painting. It is a complex phenomenon manifested by various objects absorbing and reflecting light to varying degrees, acting on people in the auditorium.

Due to the different textures of objects and the different degrees of absorption and reflection of various colored lights, everything in the world forms ever-changing colors.

Hue The qualitative appearance that color can present.

The different hues in nature are infinitely rich, such as purple-red, silver-gray, orange-yellow, etc. Chroma refers to the inherent lightness of the color itself.

Among the seven basic hues, violet is the darkest and yellow is the brightest. Hue is also called tone.

Under the illumination of a certain hue and brightness of the light source color, the surface of the object is enveloped in a unified color tendency and color atmosphere. This unified atmosphere is the hue. Color sex The property of color.

Colors are basically divided into two categories: warm colors (also called hot colors) and cool colors (also called cold colors). Red, orange, and yellow are warm colors, giving people a warm, warm, and outgoing feeling.

5. What are the common decorative lines?

Common decorative lines are as follows: Solid wood lines Solid wood lines are lines obtained by processing solid wood. These lines require custom processing. The basics The shapes are also available ready-made.

Commonly used solid wood lines in home decoration include white wood, teak, beech, walnut, maple, oak, oak, cherry, red shadow wood, and white shadow wood. Wooden, zebrawood, leather and so on. I believe everyone is familiar with gypsum line. It is used in traditional decoration to make the top surface. The original function of gypsum line is to separate the surfaces. Some buildings at the junction of the wall and the top surface are not very level and can be passed through. Plaster line to mask.

Cheap and high-quality decorative building materials, easy to install. Picture frame lines are actually oil painting frames, generally divided into two types, one is PS base layer and the other is wood base layer.

The advantage of using picture frame lines in home decoration design is that the surface layer has a changeable and delicate antique effect that cannot be achieved by on-site construction, and it can be installed directly without considering on-site painting, which is low-key for home decoration. Luxurious style and neoclassical style have good results. PU thread is a decorative line similar to gypsum thread. It is lightweight, waterproof, and has a more delicate pattern than gypsum thread. It was once hailed as a substitute for gypsum thread.

Of course, we use PU wire in the design because of these advantages. The patterns that appear, especially products with more patterns like European lamp panels, do have their own advantages. Decorative stone lines As the level of stone processing improves, stone processing plants can use machinery to process stone lines that resemble wooden lines. The curved surface of the stone lines is smooth and clean, and the shapes are beautiful and diverse. They can be matched with slate materials and used for high-end decorative walls. Column surfaces, stone door covers, stone shapes and other places and parts.

The materials used for stone lines are mostly imported marble or granite.

6. How to draw sketch lines

1. Before drawing a sketch, you must fully practice various lines. Practice straight lines (the same as below for long horizontal lines and long vertical lines), flat painting (one line next to another, in blocks), arc lines (half-moon shape, in groups), loop line exercises (one continuous stroke, in groups), You also need to do group exercises of lines from shallow to deep and from deep to shallow.

2. Simple steps for sketching. Before drawing, you need to observe and study the basic shape of the object, its light-receiving direction, structural shape, and the three-dimensional effect formed. Then use straight lines to outline its general outline, and then follow the light source. , determine the three parts of the object: light receiving (light surface), side lighting (gray surface), and shading (dark surface). First lay a uniform line on the dark surface and the gray surface, leaving the light-receiving surface temporarily vacant. In this way, a large surface is used to represent the object, and then the details of each block are also arranged according to the light receiving, side lighting, and shading. Divide into small pieces and facets to process. The reflective part should be left on the dark side, and the highlight part should be left on the light side to give it five tones. We should also pay attention to the light and shade of small pieces and small surfaces, so that they obey the unified tone of the large surface, and the large surface must obey the whole. Finally, add connecting layers between these surfaces to make them natural and rounded until they show texture. After the sketch is completed, the depicted objects must be coordinated and perfected.

3. Simple common sense about perspective in painting:

1. The farther away objects of equal size are, the smaller their shape becomes, so that they finally disappear at one point, which is called the vanishing point .

2. The farther away the objects are at the same distance, the shorter the distance between them should be.

3. A line that is at the same height and parallel to the painter's eyes is called eye level.

4. Everything lower than the painter's eyes is below the eye level and above it.

5. Everything higher than the painter's eyes is above the eye level and below it.

6. Standing on a wide flat ground and looking forward, the boundary between heaven and earth in the distance is called the horizon. When looking straight up, the horizon coincides with the eye level, and the horizon is the eye level; when looking down, the horizon is above the eye level. The horizon is an important basis for processing perspective graphics.

7. If the scenery is to the right of the painter, you can see the left side of it.

8. If the scenery is to the left of the painter, you can see the right side of it.

9. For any scenery above the eye level, the farther away it is, the lower its position on the drawing paper.

10. For any scene below the eye level, the farther away it is, the higher it will be on the drawing paper.

If you master the above knowledge of painting perspective and apply it to painting, you will not make common sense mistakes in painting, and the composition will be reasonable and in line with the beauty of visual appreciation.

4. Pencil selection: H means hard, B means soft. 6H is the hardest and 6B is the softest. For sketching, 3 pencils are usually enough. Use HB pencil for outline, 2B pencil for outline, and 4B pencil for shading. In actual painting, as long as you have an understanding of the performance of pencils and can control the intensity of use, you don't have to stick to this, you can control it flexibly.

5. The basis of sketching is to draw more pencil sketches. You can start with a plaster geometric model. Then, everything can be painted, such as porcelain, glass tea sets, cups and saucers, saucers and eggs, plaster head models, stationery and books, objects of various textures, indoor scenes, etc. From single to combined, from simple to complex. Gradually, you can try character sketch copying and sketching. Master the skill of using a brush by learning calligraphy and line drawing (that is, works expressed with a brush).

6. You must enter a state of selflessness when painting, and do not rush for success. Even if you only paint one painting a day, as long as you devote yourself to painting, you will get unexpected results. You should often copy the sketches of famous artists and read more books such as "Knowledge of Painting Perspective" and "How to Draw Sketch". Only by studying painting skills diligently and continuously can you succeed.