First, model reading
Classical Chinese is simple in style and elegant in language. From the aesthetic point of view, a classical Chinese is an aesthetic object. Then, for the aesthetic subject, we should not only pay attention to some unusual words, generic words and words with the same meaning but different meanings in the model reading stage. What is more important is to grasp the ideal aesthetic perception completely from the three-dimensional interlacing of vision, touch, mind and even illusion. For example, when teaching Ailianshuo, we should first create an atmosphere of ancient sound and rhyme, and make use of the infection effect of music to read the text and model reading in the music of the guzheng music Ailianshuo. At the same time, a beautiful picture is displayed in front of the students: a lotus is pure and graceful, so that the students can enjoy a sense of beauty first. Only when students' aesthetic feeling of lotus is constantly sublimated can they have emotional start.
second, the first reading
on the basis of the perception of model reading, students should imitate the' tone, intonation and the rhythm of reading. Pay attention to accurate and smooth pronunciation, reasonable sentence reading and slow rhythm when reading. For example, "The Teacher's Watch" should be read slowly, and it is impossible to understand the author's mood of gratitude and responsibility if the pace is too fast. Another example is that the last sentence "Nothing strange" in the first paragraph and the last sentence "What's strange" in the last paragraph express different feelings, so the tone and intonation of reading are also different. "No wonder" is a statement tone, and it is not surprising to affirm that "human food is to tigers". "How strange?" The tone of rhetorical question and exclamation shows that the result of "sleeping on the skin for people" is inevitable. For those who "use force instead of wisdom, and use it for their own use without people", they both lament the tragic result and ridicule it for being unwise. Not only is the rhythm slow, the tone and intonation are important, but whether the sentence reading is reasonable can not be ignored. For example, in The Story of Peach Blossom Garden, "This person regrets everything he says and hears", and the sentence should be broken after "hearing", which is a noun phrase and the object of "speech". If it is broken after the word "speech", "smell" becomes the subject of "sigh", which is contrary to the original intention. Another example is "In the temple next to Wu Guangzhi's place" in "Chen She Family", you can't pause and read correctly unless you understand it.
Third, study
On the basis of the initial reading, students compare notes and translate the text orally for study. Teachers should give guidance to help students master some key substantive words and sentence patterns and understand the ideological content and artistic techniques of the article. For example, the phrase "Since Li Tang came, the world loves peonies very much" in "Ailian Shuo" not only reflects the author's deep love for lotus, but also implies that the world has gone from bad to worse for a long time, and it is difficult to return to old habits. It is this pun that the author uses to express his inner complex emotions. The last sentence of "The Snake Catcher's Theory" "Who knows if the poison collected is a snake?" The use of contrast in rhetorical questions highlights the author's anger at exorbitant taxes. In the third paragraph of "Ma Shuo", the phrase "if you don't follow the way, you can't make the best use of what you eat, but you can't make sense of what you say" is a parallel sentence pattern with three words "no", which expresses the author's mediocre, shallow and spicy ridicule of "horse eater" Students have a deep understanding of the text in the reading stage, so teachers should guide students to read different feelings of different authors.
Fourth, recite
Through model reading, students perceive the text; In the initial reading stage, students master common sense and words and read the text thoroughly; In the reading stage, students understand the ideological content and artistic characteristics of the text. On this basis, students can freely read and recite the text when they enter the country, and enter the final stage of reading teaching-comprehension stage, which is also the sublimation stage of learning. The goal is to appreciate the expressive art of the works by reading the text, cultivate one's moral sentiment and improve one's writing skills. For example, the description of scenery, the depiction of psychology and the rendering of artistic conception in Yueyang Tower are all aimed at expressing his political ambition of "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later". When students are infected, I will guide them to learn from the author and cultivate a noble quality of taking the world as their responsibility. After learning "Bian Que meets Cai Huangong", students understand the truth of "avoiding illness and avoiding medical treatment", so I will guide students to write a review, which will be a wake-up call for them in the future. In The Theory of Love Lotus, the author uses "Chrysanthemum" and "Peony" as a positive contrast and a negative contrast, praising the noble quality of Lotus, and expressing his thoughts and feelings of steadfastness and integrity in a dirty world. I will guide students to learn the author's writing technique, imitate an article praising pine trees, chrysanthemums and so on, and exercise students' writing ability. Of course, the comprehension stage is a sublimation stage, and teachers' guidance methods are also varied.
The poet He Yisun said in The Raft of Poetry: "Li Du's poems are written by Han Suwen, but reciting one or two poems seems to be profound. Try reciting dozens of songs, and you will feel wonderful. The more familiar it is, the longer it tastes. " Judging from the law of aesthetic appreciation, this statement is reasonable. Only by reading classical Chinese repeatedly can we get a winding path leading to a secluded place and gradually enter the wonderful situation of "another village with a bright future". Through these four steps, students' knowledge of the text has risen from perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge, step by step and step by step, so that students can read ancient Chinese as well as vernacular Chinese. From this, students' initiative is brought into play and their ability is exercised.