Farewell in Changting" expresses Cui Yingying and Zhang Junrui's separation and regret, and reflects the farewell theme of "the joys and sorrows are gathered together over a glass of wine, thousands of miles from north to south, east to west", and the plot is not complicated. The entire opera, with Cui Yingying as the lead singer, consists of three scenes: on the road to Changting, during the banquet, and at the time of separation. As the dramatic scenes change, the author deliberately arranges three landscape pictures, so that the combined images depicting the autumn scenery blend into the opera space. Readers appreciating the beautiful lyrics are like accompanying the characters in the play as they march through the picturesque scenery, entering a poetic realm. The following design downplays the plot of the drama and highlights the grasp of the characters' psychology, the perception of the artistic conception of the music and lyrics, and the appreciation of the language of the opera.

1. Delicate portrayal of the character's psychology

Character's psychology

Parting sorrow and separation: After experiencing hardships, we can only be reunited. We agreed to marry last night, but we parted today.

Worried: Rain and dew in deserted villages, wind and frost in wild stores, no one to support them, the most difficult to care for. Anxiety: Flowers and plants in a foreign land, too late to return to live in a foreign land, stop marrying and remarry, forgetting love and righteousness. Complaining and dissatisfied: breaking up the mandarin ducks and forcing them to go on the road, it is difficult to express this feeling, who knows this hatred?

Delicate portrayal

Straightforward expression of one's feelings: such as "But to get a lotus with two heads, it is as evil as Zhuangyuan and No. 1

Using scenery to express feelings: For example, "Whoever comes in the morning and is drunk in the frost forest will always shed tears when leaving."

Using scenery to express feelings: For example, "No one speaks on the ancient road at sunset. The autumn wind of millet listens to the neighing of horses."

Fantastic use of rhetoric: such as the use of allusions, metaphors, parallels, exaggeration and other techniques. (Examples omitted)

2. Vivid description of parting situations< /p>

1. The combination of images describing the autumn scene in the lyrics

[Duanzheng] Changting Road - Picture of the slanting frost forest: blue sky and white clouds, accumulation of yellow flowers, gusting autumn wind, wild geese in the north and south Flying

[Taking off the cloth] During the feast - Sketches of the decline of yellow leaves: rustling autumn wind, flying yellow leaves, curling smoke, falling weeds

[Yisha][Ending] Picture of the ancient road in the mist at the time of separation: green mountains and sparse forests, light smoke at dusk, the ancient road at sunset, the wind whistling and the horses neighing

2. With the title of "Changting Road", [Duanzhao] [Rolling the Hydrangea] [Taotao Let] rewrite three songs into prose. Example:

One day in late autumn, there were a few white clouds floating in the blue sky, scattered chrysanthemums were everywhere on the ground, the bleak autumn wind was blowing hard, and the wild geese forming a formation to avoid the cold. Flying to the south. The grass is haggard, the fog is cold and the frost is cold. The maple trees have turned red due to frost, and their branches have fallen to the ground in the autumn wind.

A car with oil-filled incense drove out of Pujiu Temple and passed through. Driving towards the ten-mile long pavilion in the sparse forest, the prime minister's daughter Cui Yingying and her maid matchmaker were sitting in the car. The cold evening sun shone slantly on Yingying's tear-stained face, and there was a hint of tenderness on the left side of the light car. Zhang Sheng was riding on the horse, walking leisurely. The autumn wind lifted the curtain of the carriage, and the matchmaker looked around and saw Zhang Sheng glanced affectionately at the carriage, with a miserable face and tears in his eyes.

A dilapidated pavilion stood alone at the foot of the mountain. The sound of carriages and horses made the crows fly up on the pavilion. Yingying was helped out by the matchmaker, and she took a breath when she saw this scene. The place to break up? "Let's have a dinner!" The old lady told Yingying in a cold voice: This is a reality that cannot be refused. Zhang Sheng and Yingying looked at each other, even though they had thousands of words to say, they couldn't say anything. Watching the wild geese flying south, Yingying said to Zhang Sheng in her heart, entrust the affectionate wild geese to send the news of peace. 1

3. Use imagination to use the title "Before departure" to describe [playing] Child] A song was rewritten as a drama excerpt:

Yingying (raising a glass, looking miserable) Say goodbye to each other today, let’s drink this cup! We don’t know when we will meet again (tears fall into the cup), we will meet again. Lifting muscles for the public?

Don’t worry, Miss Zhang Sheng (taking the cup), once you leave, you will definitely gain fame and come back soon! (Drinking)

[The matchmaker sees Zhang Shengyou Conceited, chuckles]

Be careful about recruiting a son-in-law if you are named on the matchmaker's list.

Zhang Sheng (speechless) This... the matchmaker understands my thoughts. (Throws a cup. ) is contrary to friendship, just like this cup!

The Yingying couple are in love with each other, just like lotus flowers side by side, better than the number one scholar and the first place, so why travel thousands of miles to get a false reputation? No matter whether you get an official position or not, just come back early.

Zhang Sheng (moved, crying) Miss knows me. (The sound of a horse neighing is heard) It's getting late, I have to get ready to hit the road.

Yingying, wait a minute. You have nothing to give me as a gift, but I have one thing for you. (Exhibiting the handkerchief and chanting softly) Where is Qi Tu now? I would have done it myself at that time. Recall the old intentions and take pity on the people in front of you.

Zhang Sheng (listening respectfully, taking the handkerchief and looking at it carefully) Miss, don’t worry too much! I would like to use my skills to find out my heart. (Poetry) Life is long apart, who is the closest to you? If you don’t meet a close friend, who will pity the person who sighs?

The matchmaker (sighs) After labor and swallows fly apart, a pair of miserable people 1

4. With the title of "Despondency", the two songs [Yi Sha] and [Ending] were rewritten into modern poems, using the imagery in the music as much as possible to express the feeling of parting from Yingying's perspective. Example:

Riding away from the mountains, the mountains are covered with light smoke/turning around the hillside, passing through the sparse forest, a familiar figure is vaguely visible/a word of peace, a word of treasure, accompanying you in the deserted setting sun/ The autumn wind blows through the grains, and the sound of horses neighing hits the hearts of orioles/Who is in charge of the separation of labor and swallows? Don't regret the sorrow of separation/Speak of fame and career, just ask where to return and when to return to the new year/Mountain Cheng Shui Ze's love is unforgettable, and the ancient sunset road connects the hearts / Under the green mountains, in the autumn wind, separation makes people cry, and the heart is broken / The sorrow of separation is as long as water and as heavy as lead / How can a car be loaded? How can it be dragged forward?

3. In-depth appreciation of the language of opera

1. In "Farewell at the Long Pavilion", in which lyrics is Yingying's anti-feudal consciousness specifically reflected?

① Dissatisfaction with the separation of the mandarin ducks. Yingying "saw a ten-mile long pavilion in the distance, and she lost her jade muscles", "saw the carriages and horses arranged, and she couldn't help being tortured by people." ②Contempt for fame and wealth. Yingying persuaded Zhang Sheng not to worry about the "lack of good fortune" and not to mention "I will never return if I am not named on the gold medal list". She believed that "getting a lotus with the same head is as powerful as being the number one scholar", and fame and wealth are just "a false name with a snail's horn and a small profit with a fly's head". ".

2． "Farewell at the Long Pavilion" is known for its elegant lyrics. Let’s take [正正] as an example to illustrate this language feature.

[Duanzhao] is a song inspired by the scenery, which can be called the swan song of the Yuan Dynasty with "the blending of scenes". The beauty lies in the elegant and gorgeous combination of images; the euphemistic and implicit expression of emotions; and the just-right use of verbs: the word "dye" not only describes the sudden changes in the color of the scenery, but also makes this The changes brought about strong sadness in the characters in the play. Zhu Quan's "Taihe Zhengyin Pu" said: "Wang Shifu's words are like a beauty among flowers. The narrative is euphemistic, which is very interesting for poets. There are very beautiful sentences, like the jade ring emerging from Huaqing, or the green pearl picking lotus from Luopu." It is for evaluation.

3. [Yisha] wrote "Don't worry" and used four images: "green mountains", "ancient roads", "sunset" and "haze". Try to find famous sentences that use these images to write "sorrow" from Tang poetry and Song lyrics. Example:

Green Mountain: Pedestrians are filled with thoughts of the autumn breeze, and the green mountains across the water feel like their hometown. (Dai Shulun's "Inscription on the Landscape of Zhichuan River")

The green mountains on both sides of the strait see each other off, but who knows the feelings of parting? (Lin Bu's "Sauve Acacia·Wu Shanqing")

An ancient saying: Encourage the king to do his best. A glass of wine, leaving Yangguan in the west without any old friends. (Wang Wei (Send Yuan Er Envoy to Anxi))

Thousands of miles away, the ancient road to Guanshan, looking back at the high city is like apricots. (Zhao Qi's "Farewell to the Emperor")

The setting sun : After the autumn grass leaves alone, the sun sets in the cold forest (Liu Changqing's "Wang Jiayi's House in Changsha") Outside the setting sun, jackdaws are dotted, and water flows around the isolated village. Fang·Mountain wipes the clouds")

Mist: Where is the hometown at sunset? The mist on the river makes people sad (Cui Hao's "Yellow Crane Tower")

Thinking about it, Thousands of miles of smoke, the dusk is sinking in the vast sky (Liu Yong's "The Ring in the Rain: The Sorrow of Chilling Cicadas")

4. Discussion

The fifth book of "The Romance of the West Chamber" is about Zhang Sheng, who was the top scholar in high school. Returning in glory, Yingying "Golden Crown Xia Pei" and "Five Flowers Guan Gao", the lovers finally got married. The sixth book of "The Romance of the West Chamber" by Jin Shengtan, which was popular since the Ming Dynasty, cut off the happy ending of the fifth book of "The Romance of the West Chamber". , Cui and Zhang break up, which is the ending of the play, which turns "The West Chamber" from a comedy to a tragedy. Tell us your views on the ending of Jin Piao's "The West Chamber" (Example)

One view: The protagonist in the play lives in an era where feudal ethics are as solid as a rock. The happy ending lacks a basis for life and has a strong sense of idealism. The destruction of Cui and Zhang's love is a logical result. , being ordered to get married has become a cliché, which makes people feel that Cui's mother's previous difficulties were so "reasonable". Jin Pi's "The West Chamber" made Cui Zhang's love end in a sad and tragic way, revealing the destruction of beautiful love by feudal ethics. It has the power to shock people's hearts. The popularity of Jin Pi's "The West Chamber" is the choice of history.

The second view: The pinnacle of love is the end of disillusionment. This is not in line with the author's beautiful wish of "making all the lovers in the world become dependents", nor is it in line with the audience's hope that "the flowers will be full and the moon is full". Aesthetic psychology. Cui and Zhang went through many hardships and twists from falling in love at first sight to falling in love. At least, in Wang Shifu's view, a happy ending is the best ending for this crazy couple. The feudal factors in the fifth book are caused by the limitations of the times, and it is not appropriate to be harsh on the ancients. It makes no sense for Jin Biao to cut off Wang Shifu's "The Romance of the West Chamber" at the end.

——Lesson preparation materials——

1. Knowledge of Zaju

Tune: The seven tones of music are Gong, Shang, Jiao, Bian Zheng, Hui, Yu and Bian Gong. The tone with Gong as the main theme is called "Gong", and the remainder is called "Diao". Together they are called "Gong tone". The "Five Palaces and Four Dialogues" are commonly used in Yuan Zaju, namely Zhenggong, Zhonglu Palace, Nanlu Palace, Huangzhong Palace, Xianlu Palace, Dashi Diao, Shuangdiao, Shang Diao and Yue Diao, collectively called "Nine Palaces". "Farewell at the Long Pavilion" uses the main palace, and its voice and emotion are "melancholy and majestic". The form of the couplet in the main palace is [Duanzhao], [Rolling Hydrangea], [Taodao Ling], [Taking off the shirt], [Xiaoliangzhou], [Mopian], [Happy Three], [Chaotianyu], [Shawei] ]wait.

(According to Wang Li's "Chinese Poetry and Rhythm")

Music and lyrics: rhyme, level and oblique rhymes, one rhyme to the end, and the rhyme is dense. Antithesis, commonly used couplets, regardless of obliqueness, come in various forms. There are many lining words in the text of the song. (According to Wang Li's "Chinese Poetry and Rhythm", Tu Zongtao's "Outline of Rhythm of Poetry, Ci and Music", etc.)

Bin Bai: "Singing is the main part, and Bai is the guest, so it is called Bin Bai, which means it is clear and smooth." "In Beiqu, there are all Bin and all Bai. Two people say Bin to each other, and one person says Bai to himself."

(Xu Wei's "Nanci Narrative", Shan Yu's "Jupo Conghua")

p>

Ke introduction: "Meeting each other, bowing to each other, worshiping, dancing, sitting and kneeling, etc. are all called Ke", "using the word Ke as the introduction, there is a difference between non-Ke introduction".

(Xu Wei's "Nanci Narrative")

2. Important points

① Encounter in the Buddhist Hall: During the Zhenyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Junrui, a talented man from Luoyang who "went to court to seek support", met the Prime Minister Cui Jue (the late ) Qianjin Cui Yingying. Yingying "looked fondly at the corner of her eyes" and "looked back with a look of disbelief", Zhang Sheng "how could she have thought that his eyes were turning when he was about to leave", so he borrowed "a room in the west wing on the side of the pagoda courtyard" to stay "to review the classics and history".

("Zhang Junrui's Dojo Drama")

② Couple chanting in the corner: Yingying went to the garden on the west wing to burn incense under the moonlight, and Zhang Sheng recited a poem in the corner: "The moonlight melts into the night , the flowers are in the shadows of spring; how can I see the bright soul without seeing the man in the moon?" Yingying's heart is moved, and he rhymes with it: "Lan Min has been lonely for a long time, spending the spring with nothing to do; I expected the chanter to sigh with pity." Zhang Sheng was further impressed by Yingying's talent.

(Same as above)

③Listening to the piano on a moonlit night: Sun Feihu’s soldiers surrounded Pujiu Temple in order to capture Cui Yingying, Zhang Sheng wrote a book, and summoned General Du Que, a white horse, to rescue the siege. The old lady Xu Qin remarried, Zhang Sheng played the piano and composed songs late at night, and his lyrics were so heartfelt that Yingying "understood her own love" and couldn't help herself.

("Cui Yingying Listens to the Musical Opera at Night")

④The matchmaker sent a message: Zhang Sheng asked the matchmaker to send a message, "The love and hatred are getting worse, and I am playing the Yaoqin. Happiness comes again. In spring, your heart is moved. This feeling cannot be violated, why should you give up a false reputation? Don't miss the bright moon, and pity the heavy shadow of the flowers." It expresses the hope of meeting Yingying under the moon. Yingying wrote back: "When the moon is under the west chamber, the door facing the wind is half open; the shadows of flowers on the partition wall are moving, and I suspect that it is a beautiful woman coming." Zhang Sheng jumped over the wall as promised and rushed in, but was humiliated by Yingying and left in dismay.

("Zhang Junrui's Acacia Drama")

⑤ Cui Zhang got married: Zhang was ill, and Yingying was worried. She asked her matchmaker to ask about the decoction and medicine, and wrote a love poem: "Don't worry about the pain of leisurely things." , It depends on destroying the talented people. Unexpectedly, if you finish your concubine's life at that time, how can you prevent the disaster of being a king today? It's difficult to follow the letter to be kind, and I would like to send a message to Xiu in the high Tang Dynasty to make the clouds and rain come at night. , Yingyingchong was bound by feudal ethics and took a decisive step: privately marrying Zhang Sheng.

("Caoqiaodian Dream Yingying Zaju")

3. The style of "The West Chamber"

The usual practice of Yuan dramas is one volume with four folds, but "The West Chamber" is five volumes, and as a whole, "the whole story is the same." Although "The Romance of the West Chamber" was not the only one that broke the general rule of 40% discount for one book, the scale of five books was a special case after all.

The reasons are, first, the story itself, with its joys and sorrows, and its twists and turns, is difficult to accommodate in a book with four twists and turns; second, as a classical poetic drama, "The West Chamber" has a strong lyricism, it not only tells a story , and to express the characters' emotional ups and downs and inner world, this requires a large number of arias and corresponding length; thirdly, "Wang Xixiang" is based on "Dong Xixiang", and "Dong Xixiang" is a five-part A huge production of ten thousand words also requires that (Wang Xixiang) have a corresponding scale; fourthly, in the era when "Wang Xixiang" was produced, Southern Opera had already developed, and its style, which often involves dozens of characters, must have affected Wang Shifu's work. Drama creation.

(Page 373 of the third volume of "History of Ancient Chinese Literature" edited by Guo Yuheng)

4. Commentaries on "The West Chamber"

It became common for literati in the Ming Dynasty to comment on "The West Chamber", and many commentaries appeared. There are more than ten kinds of criticisms of "The Romance of the West Chamber" by Ming Dynasty people. The main ones include Wang Shizhen and Li Zhi's joint critical edition (Yuan edition of "The Romance of the North West Chamber"), Li Azan's critical edition "Mr. Li Zhuowu's criticism of the Romance of the West Chamber", Chen Jiru's critical edition "Ding engraved version of Mr. Chen Meigong's criticism of the Romance of the West Chamber", and Tang Xianzu's critical edition ("Tang Hairuo's criticism of the Romance of the West Chamber"). ", Xu Wei's critical edition (reprinting and correcting the Yuan version to criticize the painting ideas of the North West Chamber), Tang, Li, and Xu's "Three Gentlemen's Joint Commentary on the Yuan Edition of the North West Chamber", etc. These critics analyze the conception and purpose of "The Romance of the West Chamber" from different perspectives. There are many opinions on the structure and characters, from which we can see the various understandings of "The Romance of the West Chamber" by the father-in-law, progressive thinkers and dramatists of the Ming Dynasty.

(Page 127 of "Literary History of the Yuan Dynasty" edited by Deng Shaoji).

5. Jin’s version of “West Chamber”

Among the editions published in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the most widely circulated and influential edition was Jin Shengtan’s critical edition, namely “The Sixth Book of Scholars of Guanhuatang” "The Romance of the West Chamber". In addition to the accompanying comments, Jin Shengtan also wrote two prefaces in front of the book, one is "Weeping for the Ancients" and the other is "Leaving it for Posterity", and there are 81 "Reading Methods", which are quite interesting. theory, and also made many changes to the original text of "The Romance of the West Chamber". There have always been different opinions on Jin Shengtan's comments and changes. For example, Liang Tingnan from the Qing Dynasty believed: "Jin Shengtan tried to explain things by taking "The Romance of the West Chamber" and splitting it up. "The Romance of the West Chamber" has been a big disaster so far; and it is especially reckless to change the meaning." ("Qu Hua") But there are also others. Those who praise it say: "Since the beginning of "The West Chamber" more than 400 years ago, "The West Chamber" has been recommended as the first lyricist. I don't know tens of millions of people, but they can all point out the reason why it is the first. There is a unique Jin Shengtan." (Li Yu's "Occasional Letters of Leisure")

(Page 372 of the third volume of "History of Ancient Chinese Literature" edited by Guo Yuheng)

6 ． Comments from predecessors

It is said that "The West Chamber" was written by Shi Chuan, "The sky is blue, the ground is yellow flowers, the west wind is strong, and the wild geese flying from the north to the south". The conception was very painful, and I was thirsty, so I threw myself on the ground and died.

(Liang Tingnan's "Quhua")

The four sentences "in the wind" and "tobacco" are not a copy of [correct] Chinese, but a close-up double text (Yingying) ) I have never seen anyone sitting in such a place before. [Duanzheng] is about describing a different scene, while this is about a sitting scene.

(Jin Shengtan's "The Sixth Scholar's Book of the West Chamber")

"The green hills separate the journey", which means that students have turned around the hillside; "The sparse forest does not make pods", it means that students have emerged from the sparse forest. Outside; "The light smoke and evening mist cover each other", in the haze; "The sunset on the ancient road with no one talking" is the sadness of one's independence; "The autumn wind of grain and millet listens to the horse's neighing", not seeing the joy, but hearing the horse's neighing; " "Why are you too lazy to get into the car?" He said that it is not appropriate to return home; "In the surrounding mountains, a whip is shining brightly", it means that I have passed the front mountain, so I can see him whipping his whip because of the lingering sunlight.

("Min Yu Wu Liu Fantasy West Chamber Five Drama Notes")

The most touching thing in the world is the scenery of mountains, and the most comforting thing is the lingering light. What's the difference? A wanderer from the end of the world, touching the scenery makes him pregnant. As for Qingshan's health, I feel sad for a foreign country after being a guest for a long time. Seeing that there are not many sunsets, I take a long-term strategy and return to my hometown. Human feelings are always the same, and there is no sadness, especially like today.

(Chen Weisong's "The Talented Man in the West Chamber is Enchanted")

7. Today's Appreciation

"Farewell at the Long Pavilion" does not have a complicated dramatic plot. Its artistic charm mainly comes from the in-depth exploration and true depiction of the characters' souls.

The author extends his artistic tentacles to the depths of Yingying's soul at the specific time and space intersection of "Farewell at the Long Pavilion", delicately and multi-layeredly showing the complex psychological connotation of "who knows this hate" - intertwined with the "previous" Intimate love, all kinds of attachment to relatives who got married last night and parted today", infinite sadness for the upcoming separation of "thousands of miles from north to south, east to west", "forcibly tearing down the mandarin ducks in two places" in pursuit of "a false reputation and a small profit". He was deeply resentful of his actions and worried about the common love tragedy of abandoning his wife. At the same time, it also deeply and convincingly reveals the pure soul pod of this complex psychological connotation. Yingying's attachment, pain, resentment, and worry when bidding farewell to Zhang Sheng are all closely related to her ideal love. Her love for Zhang Sheng was the product of mutual admiration, and was not mixed with any worldly considerations or interests. In her opinion, "getting a lotus with the same head is as powerful as getting the first prize". What she pursues is pure, single-minded, everlasting love and happiness, not feudal "family interests." In short, the author not only writes the trembling love melody in the characters' hearts, but also writes the characters' hearts that are agitated by huge emotional tides.

(Page 348 of "Dictionary of Appreciation of Yuan Opera" edited by Jiang Xingyu)

The composition of "Farewell at Changting Pavilion" is quite representative in "The Romance of the West Chamber", with both lizao and Line drawing not only draws on and adapts the poetry of previous generations, but also absorbs and refines folk spoken language. In terms of the overall style, it not only forms a coordinated color, but also forms the characteristics of understanding, fluency, and beauty. Some commentators say that "The Romance of the West Chamber" is a poetic drama. "Farewell at the Long Pavilion" is the most poetic part of the play. It does not have much progress in the plot, and there is no drastic transformation of dramatic contradictions. It only uses the language of lyric poetry to narrate the heroine's sorrow and hatred, making the whole play filled with emotion. A kind of faint but long-lasting sadness. Hu Yinglin in the Ming Dynasty compared Wang Shifu to "thinking of Wang Taibai in lyrics and music" (see "Shaobaoshanfangbicong"). This comparison has aroused objections from later generations, but if it is understood as a praise of Wang Shifu's poetic talent, then, Mr. Hu is indeed knowledgeable and discerning.

(Page 124 of "History of Literature of the Yuan Dynasty" edited by Deng Shaoji)

——Extended reading——

[Tianjingsha] Could it be that Bu Yao gets the treasure? Exquisite? Could it be that the skirt is dragging:

Bu, the ring is jingling? Is it the sudden wind in front of the eaves of the iron horse? Is it the double control of the golden hook, and the jingle is ringing the curtain?

[Laughing Order] Is it the bells ringing in the Brahma Palace at night? Is it the sparse bamboos in the winding sill? Is it the sound of rulers and scissors sending each other to each other? Is it the long dripping sound of the copper kettle? I heard the latent sound again in the east corner, and it turned out to be the sound of the west wing. Tung tung tree.

[Bald Si'er] His voice is strong, like the swords and spears of an iron cavalry; his voice is quiet, like falling flowers melting in flowing water; his voice is high, like the clear wind, bright moon, and cranes chirping in the sky; his voice is low, like listening to children's words , in the small window, chirping.

[Holy Medicine King] He has endless thoughts there, but I have understood the meaning here. Before his song ended, my thoughts became more intense, and I was fighting for the shrike and the flying swallows, all in the west and east, all without saying a word.

I am listening to you near the book window. (Hongyun) Sister, you listen here, I will come as soon as I see Madam. (Mo Yun) There is someone outside the window, it must be a young lady. I changed the strings, played a piece of music, and sang a song called "Phoenix Seeking the Phoenix." In the past, Sima Xiangru was able to accomplish this piece of music. Although I am not as good as Xiangru, I hope that Miss Wenjun will do so. (The song says) "There is a pod of people here, and I will never forget them when I see them. If I don't see you for a day, I will miss you like crazy. The phoenix is ??flying here, and I am looking for phoenixes from all over the world. But the beauty is here, and she is not on the east wall. Zhang Qin is talking to me, and I am writing about it. Intestine. When do you see Xu Xi and comfort me? I wish you could be worthy of your virtue and join hands with me to prevent me from falling." (Dan Yun) This is a very good song! The words are heartfelt and the meaning is true. It's so sad and desolate as the sky is full of cranes, so I made my concubine burst into tears when she heard it.

[Ma Lang'er] This is to make others listen and express your feelings. Those who are close friends are heartbroken and understand themselves, while those who are grateful are heartbroken and grieved.

Note: The matchmaker decided to let Zhang Sheng test Yingying with the sound of the piano. Yingying burned incense under the moonlight, Zhang Sheng played the piano to shake her heart, and wrote songs to express her true feelings. Yingying was moved by it, complained about the "vicious mother" who broke the contract and regretted the marriage, and fell in love with the devoted "Zhicheng Zhong", and decided to commit herself to her.

[Reading Tips]

1. How do the three songs [Tianjingsha], [Tiaoxiaoling] and [Tusier] artistically describe the sound of the piano? What are the characteristics of the use of language in [Tusier]?

2. How does the excerpt show the effect of the sound of the piano and singing on Yingying’s psychology?

[Reference explanation]

1. Description: ① The use of metaphors to describe the sound of the piano is similar to the way Bai Juyi wrote the sound of music in "Papa Xing". ② Gradually demonstrate Yingying’s understanding of the artistic conception in the sound of the piano. At first, Yingying couldn't tell where the sound was. She suspected it was "Linglong Baoji", "Ding Dong Ring", and she also suspected it was "Iron Horse" and "Golden Hook" knocking on the window in the wind. Then, Yingying was touched by this beautiful sound, which she felt was like the bells ringing in the temple, the wind blowing in the bamboo forest, the collision of rulers and scissors, and the "tickling sound of copper in the kettle". And heard clearly the sound of the piano "near the west chamber" and "in the east corner". At this time, Yingying had guessed that the person playing the piano was Zhang Sheng. The majestic, deep, high, urgent and slow sound of the piano made Cui and Zhang emotionally harmonious. Features: [Ba Si'er] uses synaesthetic techniques in this song. The whole scene is arranged to transform the visual sound of the piano into visual images such as cavalry swords and guns, falling flowers and flowing water, the clear wind and bright moonlight, and children in small windows.

2. Effects: One is "heartbroken sorrow" and "unending thoughts"; the other is "self-understanding" and "the meaning has been understood". The melodious and beautiful sound of the piano and the sorrowful singing became the medium to communicate the emotions between the two.

"Cui Yingying Listens to the Musical Opera at Night" (selected music)

[The Dragon in the River] Falling reds form a formation, and the wind is blowing thousands of points, which makes people sad. The pond is dreaming of dawn, and the lantern is saying goodbye to spring. The butterfly powder lightly touches the flying snow, and the fragrant swallow mud stirs up the falling flower dust. The spring mood is short, the willow silk is long, and the people in the shadow are far away and the world is close. The fragrance eliminates the golden powder of the Six Dynasties and clears away the spirit of the Three Chus.

[Man Tingfang] comes to review the shadow, the literary and demon scholar, the wind owes sourness. He worked hard to open his forehead very much, Chi Heji wiped away the flies, the glossy oil made people's eyes dazzled, and the sour stings made people's teeth hurt.

Note: [Hunjianglong] is a song, sung by Yingying. Yingying "sees Zhang Sheng, her soul is in a state of excitement, her mood is unhappy, and she has little food and tea." It was late spring, and I was very troubled. [Man Ting Fang] A song, the matchmaker sings. After Zhang Sheng relieved the siege of Pujiu Temple, the old lady asked the matchmaker to invite Zhang Sheng to the banquet. Zhang Sheng thought that the old lady was going to keep her promise, so he "dressed up and waited for him. He also used two soap locusts, two buckets of water, and polished his black gauze hat." Zhang Sheng couldn't wait to be teased kindly by the matchmaker.

[Reading Tips]

1. Try to explain what kind of character the two lyrics portray.

2. Try to compare the different language styles of the two pieces of music.

[Reference explanation]

1. In the song "Hun Jiang Long", Yingying boldly expresses her yearning for love life. The first six sentences are about spring. The objects such as "falling red", "pond", flying butterflies and swallows arouse the feeling of the fleeting years of Yingying. The last four sentences describe sadness, "The mood is short in spring, but the willow silk is long, and the shadow of the flowers is far away, and the world is close." Cui and Zhang's feelings are lingering, but they feel like they are separated by the world, which arouses Yingying's complaints and regrets. The song "Man Ting Fang" vividly depicts the appearance of Zhang Sheng's "Sour Ding". The matchmaker gave Zhang Sheng two nicknames: "Literary Demon Scholar" and "Feng Qian Sour Ding", which were very interesting. Zhang Sheng's "dressing up", wiping his "forehead", "wiping away flies", "the glossy oil dazzling people's eyes, the sour sting making people's teeth hurt" vividly describe the sour state of this "sour butt" . At the same time, the matchmaker's playful character is also written. The matchmaker wants to succeed, and the matchmaker's ridicule to Zhang Sheng reflects Zhang Sheng's impatient mood, making this "silly corner" (matchmaker's language) look ridiculous and cute.

2. [Hun Jiang Long] is a song that is elegant and subtle. The sentence "Luohong" embodies Yingying's emotion about the perishable beauty of life. The colorful butterflies with flying catkins on their wings and the swallows with fragrant mud in their mouths aroused the feeling of cherishing spring in Yingying. "Spring Heart" is Yingying's cryptic expression for longing for love. Due to the constraints of the real environment, Yingying cannot interact freely with the person she likes, causing Jinfenxiangxiao's spirit to diminish. The whole song uses the scenery to express sadness, express true feelings, and express elegance. [Man Ting Fang] A song, humorous. In the matchmaker's eyes, Zhang Sheng is both sour and stupid, yet loyal, and dull and infatuated. On the one hand, the matchmaker enthusiastically acted as a "matchmaker", but on the other hand, she wanted to ridicule Zhang Sheng's dementia. The matchmaker's lifelike singing incorporates the oral elements of the Song and Yuan Dynasties into the lyrics, and has the characteristics of "the true color of the song". The arrangement of the two lyrics is completely consistent with the identity, upbringing, and personality of Yingying and Matchmaker

"Farewell at the Pavilion" Lesson Plan

Teaching Objectives

Knowledge Objectives: Learn more about the characteristics and achievements of Yuan dramas; understand Wang Shifu and "The Romance of the West Chamber".

Ability objectives: Appreciate the blend of scenes, the poetic artistic realm and the rich literary lyrics in "Farewell at the Long Pavilion"; appreciate the image of Cui Yingying; learn how to use a variety of rhetoric to express character traits in this article.

Emotional goals: Understand the anti-feudal ethics significance of Wang Shifu's "The Romance of the West Chamber" and guide students to establish a correct outlook on life and love.

Teaching focus:

Appreciate the artistic realm of situational blending and the role of various rhetorical methods in expressing expressions.

Teaching difficulties:

The typical significance of the artistic image Cui Yingying

Class arrangement and teaching ideas:

Two class hours are planned. Based on recitation and with literary appreciation as a link, it promotes the understanding of verbs and sentences, the analysis of ideological content and the appreciation of artistic techniques.

The first lesson

1. Introduction to the text:

2. Introduction to the author and the plot of "The Romance of the West Chamber"

Wang Shifu, named Dexin , the word is Shifu. A native of Dadu (Beijing), he was a famous dramatist in the Yuan Dynasty. He has written 14 kinds of dramas, of which only three exist: "The Story of Cui Yingying Waiting for the Moon in the West Chamber", "The Story of the Four Prime Ministers Gao Hui Li Chun Tang" and "The Story of Lu Mengzheng Breaking the Kiln in the Wind and Snow".

"The Romance of the West Chamber" originated from Tang Yuanzhen's "The Story of Yingying". Written in Zhenyuan of the Tang Dynasty, scholar Zhang Gong traveled to Puzhou and stayed at Pujiu Temple. It was then that Mrs. Cui Xiangguo and her daughter Yingying helped Xiangguo's coffin return to her hometown for burial. They passed by Pujiu Temple and stayed here. One day, Zhang Sheng visited the Buddhist temple and met Yingying. The two fell in love at first sight. At that time, Sun Feihu in Puzhou started a rebellion. The rebel army surrounded Pujiu Temple and wanted to seize Yingying as his wife. In the crisis, the old lady made a promise that whoever could defeat the thieves and rescue them would marry Yingying to him. Zhang Sheng volunteered and asked his friend Baima General Du Que, who was guarding Tongguan, to lead his troops to rescue him. Du Que arrived with his troops and put down the rebels. The siege of Pujiu Temple was solved. Unexpectedly, the old lady thought that Zhang Sheng was a scholar in white clothes and was not from the right family, so she went against her promise and allowed Zhang Sheng and Yingying to treat each other as brother and sister. Because Zhang Sheng could not get married to Yingying, he fell in love with her. Yingying's maid matchmaker helped deliver the letter, and the two had a private tryst behind the old lady's back. Later, the old lady discovered the relationship between the two, and called the matchmaker for questioning. The matchmaker accused the old lady of betraying her promise and being ungrateful. She also said that if this matter was publicized, it would be bad for the reputation of the Cui family, so it would be better to agree to the marriage between the two. The old lady had no choice but to agree to the marriage between Zhang Sheng and Yingying. But the old lady forced Zhang Sheng to go to Beijing to take the exam on the grounds that three generations of the Cui family did not recruit white-clothed elites. Only after Zhang Sheng passed the exam did he allow him to marry Yingying.

The last five books of "The West Chamber" have 21% discounts, and "Farewell at the Long Pavilion" is the fourth book with the third discount. It is one of the most popular and exciting episodes in the whole play. As the plot develops, Yingying finally overcomes the contradiction between the demand for physical and mental liberation and the shackles of the feudal spirit, and takes a crucial step to privately marry Zhang Sheng. But the old lady forced Zhang to take the exam, and Cui and Zhang's love faced a new threat. In desperation, Zhang Sheng had no choice but to set off to "go to the court to get the answer", and Yingying said goodbye to him in Changting. This farewell play has 19 tunes and is sung by Yingying. It is not only an important play that shapes Yingying's image, but also fully embodies the characteristics of Wang Shifu's plays that blend scenes and are rich in literary talent.

3. Read the text aloud to clarify the meaning of the text (introduction to music knowledge, refer to the text notes or dictionary for difficult words)

"The Romance of the West Chamber" is a drama, with singing as the main character. Mainly, since there is no audio data of ancient music to be circulated, the issue of palace tune has become a difficult point in the study of music.

Gong Diao is a term for ancient opera and music. They are various modes of music. Different palace tunes have different tones. There are seven tones in ancient music: Gong, Shang, Jiao, Bian Zheng, Hui, Yu, and Bian Gong. The tone with Gong as the main theme is called "Gong", and the remainder is called "Diao". Together they are called "Gong tone". The "Five Palaces and Four Dialogues" are commonly used in Yuan Zaju, namely Zhenggong, Zhonglu Palace, Nanlu Palace, Xianlu Palace, Huangzhong Palace, Dashi Diao, Shuangdiao, Shang Diao and Yue Diao, collectively called "Nine Palaces". For example, "Zhenggong" in "The Injustice of Dou E" is a kind of palace tune. "Farewell at Changting" uses the main palace. Zhou Deqing said in "Central Plains Rhythm" that the tone of the main palace is "melancholy and majestic". It can be seen that the music in "Farewell at the Long Pavilion" should be melancholy and tragic.

Qupai, commonly known as "Pai", is the same as Cipai, which is the musical notation of the music. For example, every tune must belong to a palace tune in rhyme. Different tunes often differ in number of words, level, and rhyme. The lyrics are words filled in according to a certain tune, usually in rhyme and with emphasis on counterpoint.

The music and lyrics of "The Romance of the West Chamber" have always been praised.

Zhu Quan said in "Taihe Zhengyinpu" that "Wang Shifu's words are like a beauty among flowers, with euphemistic narratives, which are very interesting to poets. There are very good lines, like the jade ring emerging from Huaqing, or the green pearl picking lotus from Luopu." The section "Farewell at the Long Pavilion" is particularly outstanding.

Dan: female role. End: Male character. Jie: Another name for monk. The text refers to elders. Long Pavilion: In ancient times, there was a long pavilion every ten miles and a short pavilion every five miles, which were used for travel and rest, and were often a place for farewell.

4. Overall understanding

"The Romance of the West Chamber" breaks through the format of one drama with 40% off. It is a series of five dramas with 21% off. "Farewell at the Long Pavilion" has nineteen chapters, which can be divided into four scenes according to the passage of time and the development of the plot. The artistic tentacles extend to the depths of the character's soul, and what is concentratedly depicted is Yingying's delicate and complex mood and mood when she bid farewell to Zhang Sheng.

On the way to farewell:

Farewell at the Changting Pavilion:

Farewell instructions:

Farewell viewing:

On the four Yingying's emotional changes in the scene: pain → hate → fear → yearning.

5. Appreciation of the first part: "On the way to farewell" (on the road to Changting, rushing to Changting).

(1) Appreciation

1. What is the role of the description of the scenery?

Purpose: Use the desolate late autumn scene to describe Yingying’s parting sorrow. (This song features Fan Zhongyan

·································· ···

Shuo Xing Tian Xia is a very good novel website, you deserve it.