Basic knowledge of simplified musical notation
Generally speaking, there are four basic elements in the composition of all music, the most important of which are "the pitch of the sound" and "the length of the sound":
1. The pitch of the sound: Any piece of music is composed of alternating high and low sounds. Looking directly at the piano, the keyboard sound to the left is lower, and the keyboard sound to the right is higher. As far as numbered musical notation is concerned, there are a number of dots "˙" and ":" symbols directly above or below the numbers. The number of dots can be understood as intensity. The more the dots, the stronger. Above them represent high notes and below them represent bass.
2. The length of the sound: In addition to the pitch of the sound, another important factor is the length of the sound. The marking of the pitch and length of the sound determines which piece of music is different from other pieces of music, and therefore becomes the most important basic element that constitutes music.
3. Music intensity: The intensity of music is easy to understand, also called intensity. There are always some notes in a piece of music that are stronger and some that are weaker. Changes in intensity are one of the factors that express emotions in musical works.
4. Sound quality: It can also be called timbre. That is, an instrument or human voice that makes music. Boys and girls have different timbres when singing the same melody and pitch; violin and piano have different timbres.
The above four items form the basic elements of any piece of music. It should be said that simplified musical notation can basically mark these basic elements correctly.
5. Simple musical notation
The basic symbols indicating the pitch of sounds are marked with seven Alapa numbers. They are written and read as follows:
Rousseau
Writing:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
i
Pronunciation:
Do
Re
Mi
Fa
Sol
La
Si
Do
The relative relationship between the above tones is fixed, except for 3-4 and 7-i
which are semitones. The other two adjacent tones are all whole tones.
To mark higher or lower notes, add small dots above or below the basic symbol. In simplified notation, the basic symbol without a dot is called alto; adding a dot above the basic symbol is called treble; adding two dots is called double treble; adding three dots is called super treble; adding a dot below the basic symbol is called bass ; Adding two dots is called double bass; adding three dots is called subwoofer.
6. Increasing time lines and subtracting time lines
In simplified musical notation, the length of the sound is based on the basic notes plus short horizontal lines, dots, tie lines and legato. represented by symbols.
※) There are two ways to use the dash line: the dash line written on the right side of the basic note is called the time-increasing line. The more time lines there are, the longer the duration of the sound.
The basic note without an adding time line is called a quarter note. Each time an adding time line is added, it means extending the time of a quarter note.
The short horizontal line written under the basic note is called the minus time line. The more subtractive time lines there are, the shorter the note is. Each additional subtractive time line means it is shortened to half the length of the original note.
※) The small dot written on the right side of the note is called the dot, which means extending the duration of the previous note by half. Dotted notes are often used for quarter notes and various notes less than a quarter note.
Dotted notes are called dotted notes.
7. Symbols that temporarily change the pitch of a sound are called temporary diacritical marks, which mainly include sharps, flats, reduction marks, etc.
The sharp sign is written on the upper left side of the note, indicating that the note must be a semitone higher. For example, #1 means raising 1 by a semitone. The way to play it on the guitar is to advance one fret in the direction of the high note.
The flat sign is written on the upper left side of the note, which means that the note should be lowered by a semitone. For example,
b3
means that 3 should be lowered by a semitone. The way to play it on the guitar is If you move back one step toward the lower fret, the open string tone will drop a half step and move back to the lower string.
The restoration sign is to return a sound that has been passed by "#" or "b" in a measure to its original position.
The above temporary diacritical marks only work within a section, and they will not work after this section. A section is |XXXX|.
Music notes
In simplified musical notation, the symbols that record the pitch and length of sounds are called musical notes. The symbols used to represent the pitch of these sounds are marked with seven Arabic numerals. They are written as:
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 are read as: do , re, mi, fa, so, la, si (
Simple notation - the notes are many, Lai, Mi, Fa, Shuo, La, Xi).
Notes are closely connected with pitch, and there is no note without pitch.
Pitch
The numerical symbols of notes such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 represent different pitches. Notes and pitches are intuitively understood on the piano keyboard. Broadly speaking, there are always 7 notes in music.
The length of notes
In addition to the differences between high and low, notes in music also express length. Here is a basic musical term - beat. Beat is an important concept that represents the length of a note.
Indicates that the length of music requires a relatively fixed concept of time. Notes in simplified notation are divided into whole notes, half notes, quarter notes, sixteenth notes, thirty-second notes, etc. The most important of these notes is the quarter note, which is a basic reference measurement length, that is, a quarter note is one beat. The concept of a beat here is a relative unit of time measurement. There is no limit to the length of a beat, it can be 1 second
or 2 seconds or half a second. If one beat is one second long, then two beats is two seconds; if one beat is half a second, two beats is one second long. Once this basic beat is settled, making symbols longer or shorter than a beat is relatively easy.
Use a horizontal line "-" to mark the right side or below the quarter note to define the note
The length of the musical notation - the note symbol. Commonly used notes and their length markers are listed below:
Note names
Writing
Duration
Whole notes
5---
Four beats
Half note
5-
Two beats
Quarter note
5
One beat
Eighth note
5
-
Half beat
Sixteenth note
5
=
Quarter note
Thirty-second note
5
≡
Eighth note
As can be seen from the above example: horizontal line Some are marked behind the notes, and some are recorded below the notes. The positions of the horizontal lines are different, and the durations of the marked notes are also different. A rule can be found from the table, that is: to extend the duration of the note, add a horizontal line "-" to the right of the quarter note. The horizontal line at this time is called a delay line. The more delay lines there are, the longer the note lasts ( duration) the longer. On the contrary, the more horizontal lines between semitones and wholetones under a note, the shorter the time of the note.
Rests
In addition to the pitch and length of sounds, music also has rests. The symbol that indicates the rest of the sound is called a rest, and is marked with "
". In layman's terms, it is a symbol without sound or sound.
Rests are basically the same as notes, and there are six types. But generally, 0 is directly used to replace the added horizontal line. Each additional 0 increases the duration of a quarter rest.
Half steps and whole steps
There is a "distance" between notes, and this distance is a relatively calculable value. In music, the smallest distance between two adjacent tones is called a semitone, and the distance between two semitones constitutes a whole tone. On the piano, two keyboards that are closely connected on the piano keyboard form a semitone, while two keyboards separated by one keyboard form a whole tone.
Variations
The tone obtained by raising or lowering a standard note is a variation.
Raise the note by half
Changing the note is called a sharpening. Use "#" (sharp sign) to express, usually written in the upper left part of the note, as shown below:
The standard note is lowered by a semitone, use "b
" (flat sign) means, also written in the upper left part of the note.
The basic tone is raised by a whole tone, which is called a double-sharp tone, which is represented by "x" (re-sharp). This is related to the mode.
The basic tone is lowered by a whole tone, which is called a heavy flat tone. Expressed by "bb" (heavy drop).
To change a sound that has been raised (including re-raised) or lowered (including re-lowered) to the original sound, use the restoration symbol "ヰ".
Dotted notes
A dotted note is a small dot on the right side of a note, which means increasing the duration of the previous note by half.
Dotted notes It's called a dotted note.
Rhythm
To master music reading, you must first master the rhythm. To practice mastering the rhythm, you must be able to hit the beat accurately. The rhythm method of tapping is: when the hand is pressed down, it is half a beat, when the palm is lifted up, it is half a beat, and when the hand is lifted up, it is one beat.
Rhythm
In music or songs, the intensity and weakness of sounds appear in regular cycles, forming a beat. The relationship between beat and rhythm is like the relationship between the neat steps (beat) and the changing drum beats (rhythm) in a procession.
Single beat and compound beat
Single beat refers to one strong beat per measure. Each section of the beat has one strong one and several sub-strong ones.
Modal scale
Several tones (usually about seven tones) combined according to a certain relationship form a tone sequence system with a tonic (center tone), forming a mode .
The sequence of notes in a mode, from tonic to tonic, arranged according to a certain pitch relationship is called a scale.
Major Mode
Any scale in which the scale arrangement conforms to the whole, whole, half, whole, whole, whole, half structure is a natural major mode
tune. This is the most widely used mode.
Generally speaking, the starting note of a musical work is 1, 3 or 5, and the note that ends on 1 is a major key. For example, the national anthem is music in a major key. If you want to truly understand major music, you must learn harmony knowledge.
Minor mode
There are three forms of minor modes:
a: natural minor: any scale that conforms to whole, half, whole, whole, half, whole, whole The structural scale is called the natural minor.
b: Harmonic minor: Raising the seventh level of the natural minor scale, called harmonic minor.
c: Melodic minor: Raising the natural minor scale as it ascends 4, 5, and when it goes down, it returns to 5, 4, which is called a melodic minor.
The first note of minor music usually starts at 6
or 3
and ends at 6. For example, "Evenings on the outskirts of Moscow" is music in a minor key. Just like major keys, if you want to truly understand minor key music, you must learn harmony knowledge.
Repeat mark
Indicates that the melody in the mark is sung (played) repeatedly.
Ornamentation
The function of ornamentation is mainly to decorate the melody. They are represented by signs or minor notes, and the grace notes are of short duration.
(1) Appliance:
Refers to one or several notes attached to the main note, and the duration of the appliqué is short. There are pre-applied sounds and back-applied sounds.
(2) Tremolo: The main note and its adjacent notes are played alternately quickly and evenly.
(3) Boeing: It is formed by the rapid alternation of the main sound and the adjacent sound above or below it once or twice.
(4) Portamento: The main tone slides upward or downward toward a certain tone. There are two types of portamento: up portamento and down portamento. In addition to the technique of vocal singing, portamento can be played by all string instruments, but keyboard instruments such as pianos cannot perform this technique.
The pause mark
is marked with a triangle symbol on the note, indicating that the note should be sung (played) short and jumpy.
Leupon line
Use an upper arc to mark the note. It has two uses: (1) Tie-up line: If it is the same note, it is based on the beat. Just finish playing, no need to play again, such as the connection line of 2 below; (2) Connecting two or more different tones, also called smooth
minor mode line. It is required to sing (play) coherently and smoothly.
The accent mark
Use "gt;" or "□" or "sf" to mark the note above, indicating that the note must be sung (played) strongly and powerfully. When the two symbols "gt;" and "□" appear at the same time, it means stronger.
The sustain mark
marked with - above the note, indicates that the note must maintain sufficient duration and a certain volume when singing (playing).
Bar lines
The vertical lines that separate each bar are called bar lines.
The ventilation number
is marked with the symbol "v". Indicates ventilation here.