P, MP, MF, and F are intensity terms. P stands for weak, MP stands for medium-weak, MF stands for medium-strong, and F stands for strong.

Related introduction:

Venture marks usually use Italian musical terms. Composers mark detailed dynamics on the score, which can usually be divided into more than a dozen levels from the weakest to the strongest, and the intensity of each level is a relative value.

Piano means weak, abbreviated as P. The more P, the weaker. There can be up to 5 P, which is extremely weak. Forte means strong, abbreviated as f. The more f's, the stronger. If there are five f's marked on the score, it means it is quite strong.

Extended information

The control of intensity during performance must be unified with the content of the music. Only when you have feelings in your heart and are moved can you discover the most beautiful sound and express yourself through changes in intensity. Show the performer’s artistic understanding and experience of the work. Just as it is said in "Qin Jue" (written by Zhao Xiaosheng) that "if the mind has different voices, the strength will be different" and "if the internal pressure is slightly applied, the strength will be buffered".

In performance, intensity is of great significance to the processing of parts. Main-key music often has several parts such as melody, middle part and bass. If the melody uses mf, the accompaniment part uses p to set off the main melody; if the accompaniment part uses mf, the melody part uses f. The melody lines should be prominent, the middle part should be quiet and full, the bass should be solid, clear and elastic.

This requires different strength control of both hands. Even different fingers of one hand have different strengths when completing different parts. Like Chopin's works, the harmony is often hidden in the sub-voices, and different levels of intensity need to be distinguished.

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