Bach wrote a large number of preludes, fantasies, toccatas, fugues, suites, variations, sonatas, capriccios, sketches, and these two for harpsichord and clavichord Concertos for instrument and orchestra, etc. He also used his experience in organ creation in his works, such as absorbing improvisation, tragic spirit, polyphonic forms, etc., and drew on elements of French keyboard music, violin art and lute music. He composed "Well-Tempered Piano Collection", "French Suite", "English Suite", "Partita", "Toccata in F minor", "Toccata in C minor", " "Chromatic Fantasy and Fugue in D minor" (BWV903), "Goldberg Variations", etc., all reflect the uniqueness of his creations. For example, each piece in "The Well-Tempered Piano Collection" includes a prelude and a fugue. They use twenty-four major and minor keys to prove the feasibility of well-tempered keyboard music and the superiority of artistic creation. Almost every prelude in the first episode consciously addresses a certain technique in performance and introduces a type of keyboard instrument creation. Each fugue also provides the possibility of fugue writing methods. They all have distinctive musical personalities and perfect development logic of musical ideas. While other tuning methods were still being used at that time, Bach wrote this set of works using equal temperament, which fully reflects his sensitivity and the significance of this set of works. They are classics of keyboard art and can be called the "Bible and the Old Testament" of the piano, competing with Beethoven's 32 piano sonatas (known as the "Bible and the New Testament"). This set of music marks that Rameau's theoretical system has fully matured in practice.

Bach’s suite creation pushed this long-popular genre to its highest limit. Although the titles "France" and "England" were not originated by Bach himself, they reflect the influence of other national styles in his creation (the French suite BWV812-817 is because it is "written in French style", and the British suite BWV806-811 is Because "composed for British dignitaries"). Both suites include the standard four dances, and each English suite is preceded by a prelude. Some of them are Bach's experiments in transplanting Italian chamber music forms to keyboard music, such as the prelude of the third suite, which is actually the entire suite. The allegro movement of the concerto alternates between solo and solo.

The "Chromatic Fantasy and Fugue in D Minor" (BWV903) written for harpsichord is an outstanding example of Bach's keyboard music. The rhapsodic improvisation, rich changes in timbre and mood, and exquisite technique of this piece all reflect Bach's superb improvisational ability, creative skills and abundant emotion. They also all absorbed the grandeur and tragic style of organ creation. The typical approach of combining the freest fantasy and the strictest fugue in one work also reflects the Baroque period's aesthetic pursuit of dramatic contrast and unity.

In "Goldberg Variations" BWV988, Bach brought the form of theme plus variations to a highly developed level. The theme is a sarabande, with thirty variations in the whole piece, divided into groups of three, with the last piece in each group being a canon. The last variation is a quodlibet, which combines two German folk songs "I have been away from you for a long time" and "Green Vegetables and Carrots" in counterpoint.