the yellow-lipped fish, also known as pomfret, belongs to the grouper family of Perciformes. Its Latin scientific name is Bahaba flavolabiata, and its English name is Chinese bahaba.

It is 1 ~ 1.5m long and weighs 15 ~ 3kg. It can reach more than 5 kilograms. The back of the body is brownish gray with orange yellow, and the ventral part is grayish white. There is a black spot under the armpit at the base of pectoral fin. The edges of dorsal fin spines and fins are black, the caudal fin is gray-black, and the ventral fin and gluteal fin are light.

The warm and rare benthic fish in the offshore waters inhabit the sea area with a water depth of 5-6m, and the juvenile fish inhabit the estuary and its nearby coast. It is a carnivorous fish, feeding on small fish and large crustaceans such as shrimps and crabs, while young fish already feed on shrimps.

distributed in the East China Sea and the northern South China Sea, it is endemic to China. The shape of its swim bladder has been specialized, and the swim bladder end has been extended to both sides in a long tube shape, forming a unique type, which has become a small branch of Lithocarpaceae in systematic development and has important research and economic value.

Yellow-lipped fish is a national second-class protected aquatic animal, which is only distributed in the East China Sea and South China Sea, and is an endemic species in China.

Yellow-lipped fish is 1 ~ 1.5m long and weighs 15 ~ 3kg. It can reach more than 5 kilograms. Due to the scarcity and intensified fishing intensity in coastal areas, it is now on the verge of extinction. Before liberation, yellow-lipped fish was often caught in the coastal areas of Zhejiang Province, which was regarded as the first-class tonic, especially the fish fat (commonly known as "fish glue") was very precious and was known as "as expensive as gold".

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= =-=-=-=-=. ? . Wenzhou, known as Huanggan, belongs to the family Sciaenidae, a perciformes of bony fishes. It is a warm and rare bottom fish in the offshore area.

Yellow-lipped fish is an endemic species in China, with long body, flat side and slender tail handle. The kiss stands out. The head is round and the body is like a silver dollar. The back side of the body is brownish gray with orange yellow, and the ventral side is gray. There is a black spot under the pectoral fin armpit; Eyes like two bells, on the side; Mouth end position, oblique fissure; The teeth are small, and the upper and lower frontal teeth are enlarged; The dorsal fin is continuous; The second fin spine of the gluteal fin is thick and long, and the caudal fin is wedge-shaped. It is a rare and precious fish.

According to an old fisherman, before liberation, yellow-lipped fish was often caught in coastal areas of Wenzhou, which was regarded as a world-class tonic, especially the fat of fish (commonly known as "fish glue"), which was known as "as expensive as gold". Although the yellow-lipped fish looks like yellow croaker, the swim bladder has a special shape, which is cylindrical, with a wide and flat front end, and a slender side tube (commonly known as beard) extending from both sides is backward and deep into the muscle layer of the human body wall. Hypertrophic collagen is adhered to the upper part of the swim bladder; With golden yellow, bright luster and drum-shaped ripples as the top grade. The special function of fish glue nourishes liver and kidney function, which is better than Koryo (Ginseng), and it stops bleeding very well, especially for postpartum hemorrhage of pregnant women. Therefore, in the past, if the general fishing village caught yellow-lipped fish and celebrated the village, it was divided and eaten. And the swim bladder is dried and treasured for emergency use when the parturient is bleeding, which shows that the folk customs are simple. It is said that a 65 kg yellow-lipped fish was caught in Beisha Township, Dongtou County in 1957. Fishermen took out the swim bladder, dried it, and presented it to President Mao Zedong in Beijing. The Central General Office returned it to Zhao intact and sent a letter of thanks.

Yellow-lipped fish are mainly produced in Guangdong coastal areas and Minnan fishing grounds. Habitat in the offshore water depth of 5 ~ 6 meters, young fish habitat in the estuary and its nearby coast, generally 1 ~ 1.5 meters long, the largest can reach more than 5 kilograms. The fish feeds on crustaceans and small fish such as shrimps and crabs. I like the muddy water against the current, but I hate the bright light; Migrate to the coast from March to June, spawning and breeding. During this period, due to the vibration of the air in the swim bladder, there is a charming sound under the water, sometimes strong and sometimes weak, and there is a melody of music, and its sound can be heard in the sea area around 1 meters. In the past, Wenzhou Dongtou, Nanji, Beiji Fishing Ground and Oujiang River estuary were also fished from time to time.

It is understood that there are still many people who have eaten yellow croaker. Several old fishermen who have been fishing for more than 3 years and old aquatic products all think that the taste of yellow croaker is very general, and its meat is petal-shaped and rough, which is far less delicious than that of yellow croaker. The medical value of yellow-lipped swim bladder is as rich in collagen as fish glue. According to analysis, 5g contains 442g of protein, 1g of fat, 25mg of calcium, 145mg of phosphorus and 13mg of iron. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that it has the efficacy of strengthening the body resistance, strengthening the essence, and strengthening the body. Modern medical research shows that it can be used to treat tuberculosis, rheumatic heart disease, aplastic anemia, vasculitis, neurasthenia, women's menstrual deficiency and other diseases, and it also has a certain effect on preventing and treating allergic hemorrhagic purpura, kidney deficiency and low back pain, and esophageal cancer.

common name: big gull, white flower

Latin name: Bahaba flavolabiata(Lin)

English name: Chinese bahaba

Yellow-lipped fish is a common fish in Dongguan waters. In the 196s, 1,5kg was caught in one net. Due to overfishing and water pollution, the resources of yellow-lipped fish have declined rapidly and are rare in recent years. Yellow-lipped fish fat is a valuable tonic of traditional Chinese medicine, which has special medicinal value. At present, 5 grams of dry fat (white gum) on the market costs more than 12 thousand yuan.

1. Species of yellow-lipped fish

There are two kinds of yellow-lipped fish, one is blunt, called big gull, also known as paikou or big-headed yellow-lipped fish, which lives in deep water more than 1 meters, and there are many pure seawater areas; Another kind of white flower with a sharp head, also known as pointed white flower, inhabits the middle and upper layers of the salty and fresh water estuary. There are two kinds of yellow-lipped fish in Dongguan waters, but the big-headed yellow-lipped fish is rare, with more pointed white flowers.

fishermen's experience in catching yellow-lipped fish shows that after the big-headed yellow-lipped fish comes out of the water, due to the sudden change of water pressure, abnormal phenomena such as stomach being pressed into the mouth, fat bursting and protruding eyes will occur, and it is easy to die. However, the pointed white flowers inhabit the middle and upper layers of water, and will not die after coming out, so they can be transported and cultured for live fish.

II. Biological indicators

This indicator is described as a pointed white flower specimen.

Yellow-lipped fish has a long spindle shape, a raised back, a flat abdomen from pectoral fin to anus, and a sharp upward narrowing from anal fin to caudal stalk. The back of the fish head is splayed, with a medium size and a flat side. The kiss is slightly sharp, the kiss is longer than the eye diameter, and the eye diameter is larger than the eye spacing; In the anterior position of the mouth, the cleft of the mouth inclines downward from the kissing end and reaches below the anterior margin of the eye; The upper and lower jaws are toothed and tapering; Body length is 3.4 times of body height, 4 times of head length and 3.8 times of tail stalk length; The length of the tail handle is 3.4 times of the height of the tail handle; The head length is 5.75 times of eye diameter, 7.2 times of eye spacing, 3.8 times of kiss length and 2.9 times of oral fissure length.

fin type: dorsal fin VII,I-24, pectoral fin 15, ventral fin I-5, gluteal fin II-7 and caudal fin 18. The dorsal fin starts at one third of the body length, and the third spine is the longest, accounting for 52% of the head length. The pectoral fin tip is long; At the chest position of the ventral fin, below the pectoral fin, the first fin extends and protrudes in a linear shape; The caudal fin is shaped like a javelin head.

Scale shape: oval .8:1., thin comb scale, with scales on the head, trunk and tail.

lateral line scales: The lateral line is complete, the first half is upward arc, and the second half is straight, reaching 62 at the end of caudal stalk, and there are 18 inconspicuous lateral line scales at caudal fin, reaching the end of caudal fin.

The head to anus is 6% of the body length, with 4 gill scoops and 11 gill rakes. The stomach is T-shaped, its length is 4 times of the eye diameter and its width is 2 times of the eye diameter. The length of the intestine is 63% of the body length, which is relatively thick and has two turns. The body weight is 1.78% of the body weight, and there are two windpipes at the front end of the body, which lead directly to the otolith of the head.

Yellow-lipped fish has a brownish yellow back and a grayish yellow ventral side, and its fins are dark and grayish black. There is a round black spot under the pectoral fin.

Third, living habits

Yellow-lipped croaker lives in the estuary where sea and fresh water meet, with a salinity of .5-18‰, and sometimes it can go back to the fresh water in the estuary; Likes to live in a sea area with deep water, reefs and slow water flow; Yellow-lipped fish congregate in clear water and disperse in turbid water. Yellow-lipped fish feed on fish and shrimp. Yellow-lipped fish in Dongguan mainly eat shrimp from December to May, mudskippers from June to August, and mullet from September to November. On the 23rd-26th day of the lunar calendar, when the water is at its lowest ebb, when the east wind blows, the yellow-lipped fish fry will float to the surface in groups. When the tide begins to rise and the water flows instead of blowing the east wind, the yellow-lipped fish fry will disperse and sink.

IV. Reproductive Habits

According to the statistics of gonad development of yellow-lipped fish captured over the years, the naturally grown yellow-lipped fish in Dongguan sea area can only have fully mature eggs when their weight is over 15kg. The weight of the ovary can reach 2% of the weight of the fish, and the size of the egg is like that of a carp egg, which is 3-5% larger than the original after water absorption, so it is estimated to be a sticky egg. Yellow-lipped fish spawn around Qingming to Grain Rain. The spawning ground in Dongguan is in the Shiziyang sea area from Longxue to Dahu. Although it is an estuary, the ocean surface is open, with different water flows and different depths. The deepest part is more than 3 meters, and there are many shipwrecks. The bottom is sandy or oyster shell bottom. After laying eggs, the scales on the abdomen of female yellow-lipped fish are rough, which is suspected to be caused by rubbing hard objects when laying eggs.

5. Growth and development

Dongguan sea area is at the junction of salt and fresh water, which is rich in feed biological resources, and large plankton can form edible "shrimp spring", which is very beneficial to the feeding of young fish and the growth and development of adult fish. After more than 4 days of growth, 6-8cm yellow-lipped fish fry can be seen in Dongguan waters around the Dragon Boat Festival, weighing 5-15g in August and 35-4g in October of the lunar calendar. Some people put the yellow-lipped fish caught in natural waters in harbor waters for culture, without feeding, and introduced natural bait in large rows and irrigation, weighing 5-2g when stocking. After 14 months of culture, they checked and caught one of them, weighing 1kg.