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The problem of the target of music enlightenment education, that is, whether music enlightenment education is for the small number of people who are interested in music learning and have the ability to Children with certain musical talents still face the problem of every ordinary child and include it in their basic education content.

1. Objects of music enlightenment education

Judging from the origins of some music in Europe, they began as early as the Middle Ages, due to the influence of religion on local people's lives. Penetration and influence, children generally follow their elders into churches for worship activities since childhood. They have received the enlightenment education of music under the subtle influence of the singing of "Psalms" since childhood, especially music (pitch, intonation), singing , as well as the influence and influence of multi-part harmony. This is also the traditional reason why Europeans generally pay attention to harmony and have a strong concept of pitch.

However, our country does not have the same religious music cultural tradition background. Relatively speaking, the music enlightenment education of children is extremely diverse, very scattered and lacks normative characteristics. Every child receives music Enlightenment education is extremely contingency and uncertain. For example, some children's initial musical enlightenment comes from elders in the family who are engaged in professional music work or are amateur music lovers; some come from the influence of folk songs and operas, or learning to play musical instruments. A small number of children with such conditions have received varying degrees of musical enlightenment education in their preschool years, while the majority of children have received rough and casual music enlightenment education after entering school (this does not include those who cannot or cannot Including children who do not have the conditions to enter ordinary schools). This has created a situation where, in addition to some children receiving insufficient systematic music enlightenment education in preschool, most children receive music enlightenment education at school that is greatly compromised. It is really difficult to ensure that they have the most basic "music introduction". "Knowledge and quality, if some of them are unable to enter school or the school is unable to arrange music courses, the situation of children in our country generally receiving music enlightenment education is still worrying. Such a group of children who have not received good musical enlightenment education will definitely become confused and bored with music when they grow up, and will want to fall asleep when they enter the concert hall.

The author suggests that in our education system, we should build "children's music enlightenment teaching materials" such as the "Three Character Classic" that teaches children to read and write in ancient times, so as to provide music educators with Reliable teaching materials, and popularize this teaching material to every child in our country through families and primary schools. Of course, the most important thing for the implementation of this idea is the formulation of teaching material content, which requires rigorous scientific demonstration. For example, in this textbook, fragments of classic music works are selected as listening or learning materials for children's "Introduction to Music". For example, Beethoven's "Ode to Joy" is selected as a material for children to recognize the "major scale"; the folk song "The East is Red" is selected As the material for children to recognize the Chinese national commercial style; Grieg's "Morning" is selected as the material for recognizing harmonic colors; Mozart's "String Quartet" is selected as the material for recognizing the small string orchestra; Ma Sicong's " "Homesickness" is used as the material to recognize the timbre of the violin; Liu Beimao's "Little Flower Drum" is selected as the material to recognize the timbre of the erhu; Prokofiev's "Peter and the Wolf" is selected as the material to recognize the timbre of the orchestra, etc.

2. Music enlightenment education should be carried out step by step

The question of how music enlightenment education should be carried out step by step is also a key issue in whether children's music enlightenment education can achieve good results. When selecting teaching materials for music enlightenment education, attention must be paid to making scientific and orderly adjustments to the teaching materials used according to the growth of children's age. I have seen that in order to cultivate children's interest in music, some parents indiscriminately play the works of Beethoven, Haydn, Mozart, and Chopin to their children, thinking that this can increase their understanding and storage of music.

For example, Beethoven's "Symphony of Destiny", Mahler's "Song of the Earth", and Chopin's "Revolutionary Etude" are all very classic music masterpieces, but they are not necessarily suitable for children to listen to. If, after the first stage of listening, you choose Strauss's Waltz, Vivaldi's Violin Concerto "The Four Seasons", and Mossorgsky's "Pictures at an Exhibition", you will get a better listening effect. This is in line with people's universal understanding of nature, which progresses from shallow to deep and spirally. ?

3. The fundamental goal of music enlightenment education

The fundamental goal of music enlightenment education is also the most important issue of music enlightenment education. People always say that "the beauty of music can cultivate people's souls", but our music educators have rarely seriously discussed how the beauty of music can cultivate people's souls and improve people's spiritual realm. What about sublimation? What is the unique beauty of music? Hanslick said: "This is a kind of beauty that is not attached and does not require external content. It exists in the music and the artistic combination of the music. The beauty of beautiful sound The coordination and confrontation, pursuit and encounter, leap and disappearance, these things are presented to our intuitive mind in a free form, and make us feel the joy of beauty. ""The original element of music is the harmonious sound", from the perspective of music. Essentially speaking, the beauty of music is embodied in human hearing. It is the musical sound (fixed pitch and intonation with stable frequency under the rule of a law), rhythm (rhythm), melody ( Melody, that is, the sum of musical elements including the organized pitch system) and the structure (form) of the music. As for the particularity of music, the most important elements are musical sound (pitch, intonation) and the organized pitch system (i.e. tune) established on this basis, because elements such as rhythm and structure are not The unique characteristics of music, such as poetry, dance and other artistic categories all have the same elements.

Musical sound (pitch, intonation) training should be first mentioned on the agenda of our music enlightenment education, so that our national music quality can be truly improved. We usually say that this child is "tone deaf", which means that he did not receive good musical sound perception and pitch training in his initial musical enlightenment education. If the music has no musical sound, it is equal to zero. At this point, it is often ignored by many people engaged in music education. A very extreme example is: a child who has been learning piano for several years played a very familiar folk song "Jasmine" on the violin in public. She carefully followed the pitch positions marked with rubber paste on the fretboard. , yet she played a tone that was unpleasant to listen to; why? The reason was that one of the four-stringed instruments in her hand was lowered by a whole tone, and she played a weird tune without knowing it at all. Finish the last note. People can't help but ask, has she never heard such a familiar tune to Chinese people? How can her ears tolerate the continuation of such a tone? This case may be unbelievable, but it is Really present to us. Although this case happened to a few children, it illustrates a common problem in my country's music enlightenment education, which is to ignore the most basic pitch and auditory training of music. This kind of music education is worrying enough. . Therefore, music enlightenment education should be embodied in the recognition and training of the concept of "music". Only by making great efforts in this area can our educators achieve the long-term goal of improving the quality of national music.

IV. Specific Issues in Music Enlightenment Education

Hanslick said: "The law of beauty of each art is inseparable from the characteristics of this art material and technology. "So, in music enlightenment education, we must put the top priority of teaching on listening to music and the quality of listening to music, rather than too much preaching. Based on this, the following points must be particularly emphasized in "Children's Music Enlightenment Education".

First of all, attention should be paid to selecting listening and learning singing materials that are suitable for the learners according to the different physiological and psychological states of children of different ages.

The suggestions on some examples of music listed above in this article are just a reminder. To build a systematic music enlightenment teaching material, many practitioners (educators) in this field need to come up with practical teaching plans and determine them through careful research. . The selection of learning materials for students is a very important link in music enlightenment education.

Secondly, focus on careful screening and selection of the quality and sound quality of children’s listening materials. This includes the following issues: First, the screening of the musical quality of the selected music fragments, because the same work will have different versions performed by different performers, different orchestras, and different conductors, which requires educators to carefully screen, Select the highest quality music to make listening materials for children. However, educators in the past did not pay attention. In their view, just find a recording, as long as it is this work. Who knows that this is completely wrong, because the music our children listen to is preconceived. If you give him good music, it will leave good music in his memory. If you give him bad music, the effect will be counterproductive. It is very sad that children lose their awareness of the beauty of music from their initial education. In addition, we must pay attention to the sound quality of the recording materials. No matter how good the music and interpretation are, it will become inferior in a poor playback system, and then such music education will be unsatisfactory. Second, instruments with fixed key springs and frets such as pianos and accordions that are used for demonstrations for children must be adjusted frequently to ensure that their pitch is correct, so that children can be exposed to music with correct pitch at all times; for educators who use other stringed instruments to demonstrate, there is no doubt that You must have a basic level of playing (being able to play pitches very accurately). These are all for children to receive the most correct sounds in their initial music learning, rather than wrong or specious pitches. Third, in music enlightenment education, the principle of "teaching starts with teaching" must be implemented. If you want to improve the level of the students, you must first improve the level of the educator. This is especially true in music enlightenment education. At this time, because music is By resorting to auditory intuitive teaching, every demonstration by an educator directly affects the quality of children's education, and directly reflects the quality of the educator's teaching level and teaching effect. Therefore, "children's music enlightenment education" is what educators must arouse A category of education that is important and must not be taken lightly. Kodaly has a famous saying: "Let music belong to everyone". He also said: "The pure soul of children should be regarded as sacred. We must plant the best qualities in their hearts; if any bad qualities are introduced, "Children's music enlightenment education" should be an unshirkable historical mission for music educators. It is a complex knowledge and a huge project.

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