Drama knowledge 1. Definition and characteristics

Drama is an art in which actors play roles and perform storylines in public on the stage. Drama is a comprehensive stage art. It uses literature, music, dance, art and other artistic means to shape the image of stage art, reveal social contradictions and reflect real life. It is a type of literary genre. Drama is inseparable from dramatic conflict, which is manifested in the conflict of characters' personalities and is specifically expressed as a series of actions. The basic element of drama is conflict. Representing social struggle life through specific stage images can arouse strong emotional responses from the audience and achieve the purpose of social education.

Drama is an art performed by actors on the stage, so it must be restricted by the stage and suitable for the needs of the performance. This determines some of its characteristics:

First, it is a more typical and concentrated expression of the conflicts and struggles of social life.

Second, the time and place where the storyline takes place are often concentrated, and the number of characters on the stage is also limited.

Third, the characters’ personalities and storylines are mainly expressed through the characters’ language.

Fourth, the development of the storyline is often divided into scenes and scenes.

2. Several nouns and terms

Several major elements of drama: including stage instructions, dramatic conflicts, character lines, etc.

Drama language includes lines (character language) and stage instructions.

1. Conflict: It is a manifestation of contradictory struggle. It mainly expresses the conflicts between advanced and backward, progressive and conservative, etc. through conflicts between people. Drama conflicts should be stronger, more typical, more concentrated, and more dramatic than conflicts in life.

2. Lines: It is the language of the characters in the play. It is character-based and full of action, that is, the character's language is linked to his actions. The expressions of lines include: dialogue, monologue, narration (the characters on the stage leave other characters and speak to the audience), narration (speaking in the background), subtext (that is, what is said in the words, what is meant, and what is meant outside the words. It In fact, it is the polysemous phenomenon of language) and so on.

3. Act and scene: The curtain is the opening of the stage curtain once, and the scene is a relatively complete paragraph of the drama. The scene is the opening of two curtains on the stage. It is a smaller passage in the drama.

4. Stage instructions: These are instructions that help the director and actors grasp the plot and provide some tips for the performance. The content of the description includes time, place, characters, scenery, the actions and expressions of the characters, the entrance and exit of the characters, the "effect", the opening and closing, etc.

3. Drama classification:

1) According to the form of expression: drama (such as "Thunderstorm"), opera (such as "The White-Haired Girl"), dance drama (such as "Silk Road") "Flower Rain"), pantomime, etc.;

2) According to the complexity and structure of the plot: one-act drama, multi-act drama (such as "Thunderstorm");

3) According to the theme The era is divided into: historical drama (such as "Qu Yuan"), modern drama (such as "Thunderstorm");

4) According to the nature of the conflict, it is divided into: tragedy (such as "Qu Yuan"), comedy (such as "Venice") "Businessman"), serious dramas (such as "The White-Haired Girl")

5) Divided according to performance occasions: stage dramas, radio dramas, TV dramas, etc.

Knowledge about drama literature

Drama literature refers to various specific styles of scripts. Unlike other literary works, the purpose of creating a play is not primarily to be read, but to be performed. Great dramatists like Guan Hanqing and Shakespeare spent their whole lives writing dozens of plays, and this is all true. Therefore, the rules of writing scripts must be restricted by the rules of stage art. The characteristics of dramatic literature are: first, it should reflect life concisely, use strong dramatic conflicts, and highly concentrate characters, time, and scenes in the limited space and time of the stage, so that the small world of the stage can accommodate as much as possible the human world. Da Tian Di condenses the intricate real life and artistically reproduces it on the stage in a shorter length, with fewer characters, simpler scenes, and simpler events.

Therefore, the characteristics of comedy are mostly to laugh at and satirize the ugly phenomena in life and the shortcomings and weaknesses of certain characters in a comic form. Lu Xun said that comedy is "tearing the worthless things to show others." Generally speaking, comedies always have a happy and happy ending. Drama is a genre between tragedy and comedy. In dramatic literature, dramas are numerous. In most cases, social life is not simply tragic or comic, but contains both tragedy and joy, a mixture of joy and sorrow. It often reflects the conscious struggle between two forces, mixed with elements of tragedy and joy, and represents the final victory of the righteous party. The ending is happy, so people call it a drama or a tragicomedy. The protagonists of the drama sometimes fail in their struggles and even sacrifice their lives. For example, Liu Hulan in "Liu Hulan" is not a tragic figure who will inevitably be destroyed in the conflict. Her heroic sacrifice shows the perseverance and unyielding struggle of the revolutionaries and heralds the inevitable victory of the revolutionary cause. Therefore, the emotions in the drama are more uplifting than sorrowful, more joyful than sad. Even if there are tragic elements, the tone is tragic rather than tragic.