Who has all the knowledge about the Olympics?

1 People are preparing to welcome the Olympics

As the Olympics approach, voices about the Olympics can be heard everywhere in the streets and alleys of Beijing, and posters about the Olympics can be seen everywhere. The atmosphere is getting stronger and stronger.

The hot summer weather does not diminish people’s enthusiasm for the Olympic Games. People in Beijing used activities such as "Thousands of People Dancing Diabolo" and "Folk Song and Dance Performances" to express their joy in welcoming the Olympic Games.

This situation makes people wonder, "How is Beijing preparing for the 2008 Olympic Games?"

The Olympic venues will be basically completed by the end of the year

Seven years of sufficient preparation time and tens of billions of dollars of investment have enabled our country to achieve remarkable results in many aspects of Olympic construction, with almost every project progressing ahead of schedule.

As the Olympic Games approach, all Olympic venues including the "Bird's Nest" and "Water Cube" are gradually unveiled. Twelve new venues, including the National Stadium (Bird's Nest) and the National Aquatics Center (Water Cube), have completed the main structural engineering and are undergoing renovation, decoration, and installation of mechanical and electrical equipment. All 11 renovation and expansion projects and 8 temporary construction projects have started construction. Fengtai Softball Stadium has been put into use. Except for the National Stadium, which needs to be completed in early 2008 due to the opening ceremony project, all other competition venues will be completed by the end of 2007.

Distributed in four venues in the university area, the China Agricultural University Gymnasium has been basically completed and is undergoing completion acceptance; the Peking University Gymnasium is undergoing exterior decoration, indoor fine decoration, and equipment installation and commissioning; the Beijing University of Technology Gymnasium and The Gymnasium of University of Science and Technology Beijing is undergoing interior decoration and equipment installation and commissioning.

Distributed among the venues in western communities and northern scenic tourist areas, the curtain wall construction of Wukesong Basketball Stadium has been completed and decoration construction is in progress; the exterior decoration of Laoshan Velodrome has been completed, and fine decoration and track decoration are in progress. ;Shunyi Olympic Water Park has been basically completed and the completion acceptance work is in progress.

The municipal infrastructure and landscaping projects in the central area of ??the Olympic Park are progressing steadily in accordance with the overall construction plan. The underground communication channels, underground garages, and underground commercial main structures have all been completed, and equipment installation is in progress. The project covering a water area of ??185,000 square meters has been 50% completed, water injection has been completed in some areas, and aquatic plant planting has begun.

The Digital Beijing Building will be completed and accepted at the end of August; the Olympic Park Tennis Center and Workers' Stadium will be completed and accepted at the end of September.

Starting from August 7, the 2007 "Good Luck Beijing" test match (the "test match" is held in accordance with the requirements of the International Olympic Committee and Beijing's bid commitments, its purpose is also to test the venue facilities, technology Systems, plans, operating specifications and support capabilities were tested and inspected) also kicked off at the newly built Shunyi Olympic Water Park.

From July this year to June 2008, there will be 42 events, including 14 top international individual events and multiple comprehensive test events, held in Beijing and other co-organizing cities. The relevant departments of Beijing and Beijing The Olympic Organizing Committee has also entered the state of "hosting the Olympic Games".

The "World's First Village" will reflect Chinese elements

At the end of July, the mysterious Olympic Village, known as the "World's First Village", also began to appear. The Olympic Village is located on the northwest side of the Beijing Olympic Center District. It is connected to the Olympic Park to the north and the main stadium complex to the south. It is composed of residential areas and international areas. It covers an area of ??66 hectares and is home to more than 16,800 athletes who came to participate in the Beijing Olympics. , coaches and delegation officials will live here.

In the model apartment shown, we can see that the combination of white walls, dark composite wood floors and light-colored wooden furniture makes the interior of the apartment look fresh and elegant. On the walls of the bedroom and living room, seal cuttings and calligraphy decorative paintings create a strong Chinese atmosphere, while tall and short green plants make the rooms full of life. What gives people the biggest feeling is the perfect combination of Chinese characteristics and humanized design.

The residential area is the main component of the Olympic Village. In addition to athletes' apartments, it also has comprehensive athlete clinics, restaurants, multi-functional libraries, entertainment centers, leisure sports areas and other related service facilities. Among them, the leisure sports area includes a gym, swimming pool, tennis court, basketball court, jogging track, etc.

Of course, to host the Olympic Games, it is not enough to have venues with advanced facilities and a livable Olympic Village. Complete urban supporting facilities are also needed to adapt. At present, as far as Beijing is concerned, the biggest problems are the environment and transportation.

Accelerate the implementation of the "Green Olympics" concept

Colorful green vegetation, neat building interfaces, bright night lighting... At present, Chaoyang District has 25 roads around the Olympic central area. The Olympic roads are undergoing greening, beautification and other landscape construction. Before the National Day, the Olympic landscape avenue will be completed to show the citizens a clean and beautiful urban environment.

In 2007, the Beijing Municipal Government invested 300 million yuan to kick off the city's environmental construction by launching greening projects in key Olympic areas.

The Capital Airport Expressway greening renovation project has been approved. So far, five key Olympic areas have been greened, including the landscaping renovation of Minzu Avenue, the greening renovation of the Fourth Ring Road section of the Olympic road connection line, the greenbelt renovation of Chang'an Street and its extension, the greenbelt renovation of the Capital Airport Expressway, and the greenbelt renovation of the China Millennium Monument planned to be implemented at the beginning of the year. The project has all been approved and is six times the government investment in urban greening projects in previous years. Currently, five greening projects have started construction and are scheduled to be completed by the end of the year. Beijing has also spent approximately US$13 billion to improve the environment, including increasing the use of clean energy, increasing green areas, and relocating factories to suburbs. Beijing planted nearly 28 million trees in 2006, completing the planned greening target two years ahead of schedule. Taking air quality as an example, in 2001, the number of days when Beijing’s air quality reached Level 2 or better than Level 2 was 185 days, accounting for 50.7% of the total days in the year; while in 2006, this indicator was 241 days, accounting for 50.7% of the total days in the year. The total number of days in the year is 66%.

Since the implementation of the "Green Olympics" concept, environmental protection indicators such as air and water, which are closely related to people's lives, have been continuously improved through environmental improvement work. Many "Old Beijingers" said, "Now, we can see the blue sky. Before, the sky was gray."

The "travel difficulty" has been alleviated to a certain extent

2008 Olympic Games , it is a test for Beijing’s basic necessities, food, housing and transportation, and “transportation” is a hot topic of concern for Beijing citizens.

Traffic has always been a long-standing problem plaguing Beijing. In order to prepare for the Olympics, Beijing invested 90 billion yuan to improve transportation facilities and address traffic congestion in stages.

The increase in railway speed, optimization of bus lines, and new subway lines have all provided convenience for the Olympic Games. Since the beginning of this year, the low bus fare policy has been implemented, and urban bus conditions have been further improved.

Take subway construction as an example. Before the 2008 Olympic Games, the construction of subway Line 5, the first phase of Line 10 (including the Olympic branch line) and the rail transit airport line will be completed, with an additional operating mileage of 84 kilometers, a total of Reached 198 kilometers.

At the end of July, Metro Lines 1 and 2, which have been in operation for more than 30 years, began comprehensive renovation. After comprehensive renovation, Metro Lines 1 and 2 will reach the operating capacity of a minimum train departure interval of 2.5 minutes. According to subway passenger flow forecasts, during the 2008 Olympic Games, Beijing Subway Lines 1 and 2 need to reach a minimum departure interval of 2.5 minutes to meet the sharp increase in passenger flow. This departure interval will directly catch up with Hong Kong's subway operation level and rank among the top in the world. At the end of September, Beijing's first subway line running from north to south, Metro Line 5, began trial operation; by the eve of next year's Olympic Games, Beijing will have six subway lines. During the Olympic Games, passengers can also watch exciting Olympic games in real time on the subway.

Line 5 intersects with the existing subway lines 1, 2, and 13 as well as the subway line 10 under construction. During the Olympic Games, it can quickly and smoothly transport a large number of spectators to various Olympic competition venues. Moreover, mobile phone calls can be made and received throughout the entire Metro Line 5 journey, so there will be no signal loss.

The hotel industry is well prepared

The most obvious industry to benefit from the Olympics will be Beijing’s hotel industry. According to the commitment in the Olympic bid report, Beijing will provide 800 star-rated hotels and 130,000 guest rooms during the Olympics.

“From now on, Beijing should strengthen the construction and management of accommodation to ensure that it can at least meet the reception capacity of 800,000 people.” Wu Jingmi, deputy director of the Games Service Department of the Beijing Olympic Organizing Committee, said that accommodation is an important part of the Olympic Games. The earliest work started after the organizing committee was established.

As of the end of 2006, there were 700 star-rated hotels in the city with 118,000 guest rooms; 89 hotels were under construction, renovated and preparing to apply for three to five-star hotels. Currently, 112 star-rated hotels have signed contracts with the Olympic Organizing Committee, and the rental rooms account for 70% of the total number of rooms in these hotels. By 2008, the total number of hotels and restaurants in Beijing will reach 800, with 130,000 guest rooms. They will jointly undertake the task of "accommodating" domestic and foreign tourists such as tourists during the Olympic Games.

Currently, 122 hotels contracted for the Olympic Games and hotels with three stars or above have basically solved the problem of Chinese and English signage. Now, many hotels are increasing investment in the construction of barrier-free facilities, including barrier-free rooms, ramps, parking spaces, etc. This work will be completed by the end of the year.

With the progress of Olympic planning and preparations for the Olympics, Beijing has brought about tremendous changes in the environment, transportation, cultural relics, and tourism. Since 2001, Beijing has built a new Changpu River Park and a Ming Dynasty Great Wall Ruins Park, built a 120-square-kilometer green isolation belt, and completed a 366-kilometer greening project of "Five Rivers and Ten Roads." In 2008, Beijing will also build 8 rail transit lines, bringing the city's rail transit lines to 300 kilometers. Beijing has also built a large number of new cultural venues such as the Chang'an Grand Theater, Zhongshan Park Concert Hall, China Ping An Theater, Beijing Drama School Rehearsal Hall, Qiseguang Children's Theater, Capital Theater, Municipal Broadcasting Building, and Capital Library. The National Center for the Performing Arts and the new Beijing Planetarium are under construction. Beijing also needs to restore the Dongbianmen Ming City Wall Ruins Park and the new Capital Museum. People have seen that in recent years, Beijing's sky has become bluer and bluer, and its water has become clearer and clearer. The Olympic spirit is driving Beijing towards 2008 at an unprecedented speed.

Therefore, International Olympic Committee President Jacques Rogge recently stated regarding Beijing’s preparations that as the Beijing Olympics are fully prepared, there is reason to believe that the 2008 Olympics will be a complete success.

Beijing still needs to work hard

It is only one year before the opening of the Olympic Games. During this year, we cannot relax at all. There are still many shortcomings that we need to improve. To successfully host an Olympic Games, in addition to venues with advanced facilities, a civilized social environment is also required.

It should be noted that bad habits such as spitting, littering, making loud noises, and ignoring traffic regulations still exist. Obeying public order and caring for the public environment are far from becoming self-discipline requirements; Bad styles such as "almost", "passable", "make do", and "so-so" can be seen everywhere. Seriousness, rigor and responsibility are far from becoming the basic attitudes of work and life; infringement of Olympic intellectual property rights has been repeatedly prohibited...

Details determine success or failure, and people's moral cultivation and civilized qualities are often reflected in trivial matters. The Olympic athletes competing for gold and silver demonstrate the striving and upward momentum of a nation; the civilized behavior of every Chinese person also reflects the rational and mature temperament of a nation.

In addition, the Beijing Olympics, as a sports event that attracts global attention, requires the construction of a large number of sports facilities and urban infrastructure to meet the extraordinary demand for the Olympic Games in just 16 days. However, with the end of the Olympic Games, demand has weakened. This gap in demand is the basic reason for the formation of post-Olympic risks. Various industries also need to look at Olympic expectations rationally.

In view of this, as a precaution, the central government proposed "running the Olympics frugally and running the Olympics cleanly" a few years ago, and a "slimming campaign" for Olympic venues is underway. The relevant person in charge of the Beijing Municipal Planning Commission also said that when planning and laying out the venues for the Beijing Olympics, the first thing to consider is the utilization after the games and how to better serve the people. It is reported that after the Beijing Olympics, the Olympic Village will be transformed into residential housing.

The Olympic Games’ role in promoting a country’s economy is undoubtedly significant. The 1964 Tokyo Olympics and the 1988 Seoul Olympics not only promoted the rapid economic development of Japan and South Korea, but also accelerated the transformation from developing countries to emerging industrial countries. changes and improved the quality of the people and the level of social civilization.

Today next year, the Olympic Games will once again visit the east of the world. There is no doubt that the Olympic Games has become a booster for the development of Chinese society. When Olympic venues such as the "Bird's Nest" and "Water Cube" rise from the ground, and when industries such as transportation, communications, tourism, and culture develop rapidly, the ever-changing Beijing will amaze the world.

At this moment, Beijing is attracting the attention of the world, and the whole world is paying attention: How does an ancient civilization with a history of 5,000 years seize the opportunity of the Olympics? Can China leverage the Olympic Games to achieve economic take-off? What kind of brilliant mark will the Beijing Olympics leave in the history of world Olympics?

The 2008 Beijing Olympic Games will be an opportunity for China to show the world its great achievements in economic construction, and it will also be an opportunity to show the world the civilization and etiquette of the Chinese nation.

Beijing in 2008 will fly the flag of the Olympic spirit, use sports to pave the way, and use culture to build bridges, showing a glorious, harmonious, and modern Beijing to the world. It will also reflect the success of China’s cultural undertakings. development and economic construction.

2. The emergence of the Olympic Games

The full name of the Olympic Games is "Olympic Games", and the word "Olympics" comes from the Greek place name "Olympia". Olympia is located in the Alpheus Valley 360 kilometers southwest of Athens. It has picturesque scenery and a pleasant climate. The ancient Greeks built many temples here. Therefore, the ancients called this land Alphes, also known as the "Holy Land" "Olympia, according to the beliefs of the time, symbolized peace and friendship.

In ancient Greece and other countries in the Mediterranean region, people often held grand gatherings and carried out various recreational and competitive activities during festivals and harvest seasons, which was very lively. At first, this activity was scattered all over the place and irregularly, but the gathering in Olympia was the most grand.

In 884 BC, war broke out in ancient Greece. War continued in various places, plagues caused disasters, and agricultural harvests were poor. Greek civilians yearned for peace and missed the celebrations of those years. As a result, the king of the Elis city-state where Olympia was located contacted the kings of several other city-states and reached an agreement for regular games to be held in Olympia, and stipulated that a "holy truce day" should be implemented in the year of the games. The duration of the "Holy Truce" is three months. During this period, no one is allowed to use weapons or weapons. Even the two sides who are at war have to put down their weapons and prepare to go to Olympia to participate in the sports meeting. From then on, all-Greek competitions came into being. By 776 BC, the names of the winners were recorded in writing for the first time. This is what later generations call the first ancient Greek games. After that, this kind of competition was held every four years. Therefore, the competition was held in Olympia, and it was also called the Ancient Olympic Games, or the Ancient Olympic Games for short. From 776 BC to 349 AD, until the ancient Olympic Games were abolished by the emperor of the Roman Empire, the ancient Olympic Games were held for 293 times.

The ancient Olympic Games were not all joy

The ancient Olympic Games did not mean joy to ordinary Olympic spectators. A typical Olympic spectator, if he sets out from Athens, has to trek through most of the Peloponnese Peninsula, along a rugged ancient pilgrim road, under the scorching Mediterranean summer sun above his head, on foot or with the help of mules and horses. , it takes two weeks to cover the more than 300 kilometers from Athens to Olympia. If coming from overseas colonies, taking the sea route will take longer.

When the exhausted spectators finally arrived at Olympia, the real test had just begun. The infrastructure in Olympia is extremely rudimentary, with only one decent hotel, and it is only open to diplomatic missions and officials. Nobles of insufficient rank can only solve the accommodation problem by setting up their own tents. As for the other 80,000 ordinary spectators - nearly half of whom were vendors selling food, drinks and souvenirs - they had to go to the wilderness near the Temple of Zeus to relieve themselves. As a result, during the Olympics it became a camping ground with poor hygiene.

The Olympia stadium has no auditoriums and no shade. Due to religious reasons, spectators are not allowed to wear hats at the Olympics. People can only stand in the middle of the dusty stadium from morning to night, exposed to the scorching sun. under. As rivers dry up in summer and well water is in short supply, spectators often suffer from dehydration and heatstroke. At that time, Greece did not have a complete sewage system, and the dry riverbed became a temporary toilet for tens of thousands of people. Garbage was piled on the spot, and with flies everywhere, the sanitary condition was obvious.

It was under such conditions that the ancient Olympic Games were held continuously for more than a thousand years.

It is said that the dirtiness of the Olympic Games is so shocking that there is a saying that for slaves who disobey discipline, the master will say to him in a threatening tone: If you don't obey again, you will be punished to go to Olympia to watch the Olympic Games! ("Southern Weekend" 8.19 Fugue)

Olympic Song

The first modern Summer Olympics opened in Athens on April 6, 1896. During the opening ceremony, a song was played A solemn classical string music, the International Olympic Committee designated it as the Olympic anthem in 1958. The composer of the anthem was Samaras of Greece and the lyricist was Palamas.

Olympic Games Flag

In 1913, France's Coubertin suggested setting up the International Olympic Committee flag, and designed it to be white background, borderless, with blue and yellow in the center from left to right. , the five sets of black, green, and red circles represent the five continents of Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, and the United States. The white background means that all countries can compete under their own flags. In July 1914, the Olympic flag was hoisted for the first time at the Olympic Games. In 1920, the Belgian Olympic Committee, which hosted the 5th Summer Olympics, presented the same flag to the International Olympic Committee. It was hung during the Olympic Games and later customized. The flag was transferred to the previous host city at the opening of the previous Olympic Games and kept by the host city during the competition. During this period, only borrowed items were hung in the main stadium. In 1952, the city of Oslo presented the Winter Olympics flag to the International Olympic Committee. The handover, storage and use methods are the same as those for the Summer Olympics. In 1970, the International Olympic Committee gave a new meaning to the flag in the 4th issue of the "Olympic Review": it symbolizes the unity of the five continents, and athletes meet in the Olympic Games with fair, frank competition and a friendly spirit.

Olympic Flame

In 1934, the Athens Conference of the International Olympic Committee decided to restore the old system of the ancient Olympic Games. During the Olympic Games, the Olympic flame was burned in the main stadium. The flame was taken from the Olympic Games and passed on through the torch relay. To the host country, before that, the 9th Olympic Games in 1928 was held in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. During the main competition, there was a high tower with blazing fireworks from beginning to end. The fire is ignited using a condenser to collect sunlight, and is then transmitted through a relay through four countries to the host country. This is the first time such an event has been held in the Olympic Games. On July 20, 1936, Olympia held a lighting ceremony for the 11th Summer Olympic Games. After that, each person held a torch and ran a 1-kilometer relay. It passed through Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Hungary, Austria, and Czechoslovakia, and reached Berlin on August 1. The whole journey was 3,075 kilometers, 3,075 people participated in the relay. From this time on, the International Olympic Committee officially stipulated that lighting the Olympic flame is an indispensable ceremony at the opening ceremony of every Olympic Games. In addition, lighting the flame is to commemorate the soldiers who died in the First World War. , and the torch relay symbolizes the spread of peace and friendship around the world.

The founder of the modern Olympic Games - Pierre de Coubertin

Pierre de Coubertin is the founder of the modern Olympic Games. He was born into a Parisian aristocratic family. After graduating from high school, he studied law and politics at the University of Paris, and then went to the UK to study education. At that time, Coubertin was greatly shocked by the outdoor sports in Britain. He was determined to go back and change France's indifference to sports. What he yearned for more was to expand sports exchanges around the world. In 1863, Coubertin proposed to hold competitions similar to the ancient Olympic Games, but instead of copying them, he expanded the ancient Olympic Games, which were limited to Greeks in the past, to a global scale. Although Coubertin's ideas were boycotted by some opponents, with his unremitting efforts, 20 countries finally sent representatives to convene the first International Conference on "Reconstruction of the International Olympic Games" at the University of Paris in France on June 16, 1894. ". On the evening of June 23, the Committee officially announced the establishment of the International Olympic Committee. This day has epoch-making significance for the development of world sports and the Olympic movement. Many countries regard this day as a sports holiday, and China also designated this day as Olympic Day in 1986.

History of the Modern Olympic Games

The Olympic Games have a history of 1,200 years since they were held in Olympia, Greece, in AD 776. The sports at that time were the pentathlon (comprising the discus, javelin, long jump, running and wrestling), running, boxing, wrestling, pankration (a hybrid sport of boxing and wrestling), carriage racing and horseback riding.

The Olympic revival began in 1896, when Athens, Greece, hosted the first modern Olympic Games, with 245 athletes from 14 countries participating.

Since then, the number of athletes, countries and events has grown, and at the 2000 Sydney Olympics in Australia, more than 10,000 athletes from 199 countries competed.

The first winter sport to be added to the Olympics was figure skating in 1908. The ice hockey program has been in the program since 1920. In 1924, the Winter Olympics were held alone for the first time in Chaminis, France. Since 1994, the Winter Olympics have not been scheduled to be held in the same year as the Summer Olympics, so the Games are currently held every two years, alternating between the Winter and Summer Games.

The first Athens Olympic Games

The second Paris Olympic Games

The third St. Louis Olympic Games

The fourth London Olympic Games

The fifth Stockholm Olympic Games

The seventh Antwerp Olympic Games

The eighth Paris Olympic Games

The ninth Amsterdam Olympic Games

The 10th Olympic Games in Los Angeles

The 11th Olympic Games in Berlin

World War II

The 14th Olympic Games in London