Art includes music, fine arts, performance, dance, choreography, broadcasting and hosting, etc. Our country has always adopted the mode of professional examination plus cultural college entrance examination. Professional examinations are divided into provincial unified examinations and school examinations. After years of efforts by the Ministry of Education and provincial examination institutions, the provincial unified examination for art majors has been completed, covering most art majors, and most candidates can be admitted directly by the results of the provincial unified examination without taking the school examination. At present, there are mainly 44 specialized art colleges and art majors in some colleges. According to the plan, the unified examinations in all provinces have been basically completed, and the time for holding school examinations in previous years has now encountered an unprecedented epidemic. Therefore, the Ministry of Education has guided colleges and universities to make overall adjustments to the arrangements for school examinations: first, further reduce the scope of school examinations; second, promote off-site examinations; and third, strictly control the scale of on-site examinations. This is a powerful adjustment based on extensive consultation with universities and provincial education administrative departments, aiming at the characteristics of different schools and different art majors, highlighting the requirements of scientificity and fairness.
There are still tens of millions of applicants for the college entrance examination in China this year, among which there are nearly one million art candidates according to the proportion of 8-1%. In addition, there will be about two million people who will take the exam with their parents. If these two million people continue to move on the scale of the past to catch up with the exam, it will bring disastrous consequences to the fight against the epidemic. In this special period, according to the situation of fighting the epidemic and the development of the recruitment mode of art majors, the Ministry of Education decided to reduce the scope of school examination, strictly control the scale of school examination, and implement off-site examination methods, which will help to greatly reduce the epidemic risk of candidates and their parents by eliminating and reducing large-scale personnel flow and candidates' gathering, and ensure the safety, stability and scientific fairness of art school examination while consolidating the anti-epidemic achievements.
However, reducing the major and scale of school examinations is not only a measure forced to fight against the epidemic, but also the general trend of the development of entrance examinations for art majors. In China, there have been many problems in the examination of arts in colleges and universities, such as too large scale, too much repetition, low efficiency, and the public questioning its fairness. On the internet, you can easily search for the "grand occasion" of school examinations in recent years: the scale of school examinations for fine arts majors in nine major fine arts institutes, such as Central Academy of Fine Arts and China Academy of Fine Arts, has reached 4, to 5,, while the number of enrollment plans for one school is often less than 2,; In 219, the Central Academy of Drama enrolled 573 undergraduate students, but 67,946 registered; There are 59,59 applicants for the Beijing Film Academy, and its professional admission ratio is 114: 1! There are less than 1 people in an acting class, but more than 1 thousand people are called to take the exam; The school examination time lasted from January to April, and countless candidates were trapped by this so-called "opportunity" and rushed around to take the exam, which not only wasted their lives and money, but also delayed the study of cultural classes. However, the examination for art majors is subjective. Tens of thousands of art papers such as paintings have to be graded in a short time, and several groups of judges have to interview tens of thousands of people in three or two days. Whether it is fair and just to pick out the "top students" that colleges and universities want and whether the results are convincing has always been questioned. Some parents think that the income from school registration fees is also "unprecedented" every year, questioning that schools are suspected of borrowing school exams to collect money. Therefore, the Ministry of Education pays attention to the construction of the provincial unified examination, so that it can cover most art majors. Candidates can only take the provincial unified examination once and fill in the parallel volunteer with this score for comprehensive admission. At the same time, it is urged to reduce the scope and scale of school examinations. Since 21, the scope of school examinations has been reduced from more than 1, colleges and universities to more than 4, and majors focusing on the direction of art history theory also require that no school examinations be held, only based on the results of cultural courses. These measures not only ensure the quality of students in China's top art universities and majors, but also greatly reduce the burden on candidates and parents. Taking the results of the provincial unified examination as the admission basis, they promote the implementation of parallel volunteer for art majors, limit the drop-off of online candidates, and effectively safeguard the rights and interests of candidates and the fairness of the college entrance examination.
The essence of strictly controlling the scale of on-site examination is to change from direct registration and one-time screening to graded registration and two-time screening of unified examination+school examination, which is necessary and feasible to implement. Graded registration is a routine method of examination management, which has been used in the past imperial examinations and now civil servants. The method is mature and highly accepted by the public. The art examination is divided into provincial unified examination and a few professional school examinations. Candidates must pass the provincial unified examination and reach a certain score line (or the school adopts the method of "submitting works and separating evaluation" to pass the initial screening) before they are qualified to apply for the examination. This can reduce the scale of the examination through effective screening, which is very necessary for both the anti-epidemic situation and the need to slim down the school examination. However, reducing the number of applicants for the school examination does not reduce the function of the school examination, but is conducive to improving the efficiency of the school examination. Candidates who are admitted to top universities and majors are originally "double-top" in their professional level and cultural achievements. Through the provincial unified examination or the school's "separation of submitting works and evaluation", only the candidates who accompany the examination and their economic burden and energy consumption are subtracted, which is not only feasible but also efficient. In addition, the on-site school examination that needs to be organized will be moved to the college entrance examination, and the candidates will have more time to prepare for the cultural class, which is conducive to the performance; After the college entrance examination, a large number of candidates whose cultural achievements are difficult to meet the standards will no longer accompany the examination. As a result, after reducing the scale of the examination, the amount of marking papers and interviews will be greatly reduced, so that institutions and experts can have sufficient time and energy to comprehensively examine the candidates who have entered the school examination. This is also a kind of support for the epidemic prevention and control that is not easy at present.
On the other hand, the development of Internet infrastructure and remote examination technology in China has also laid a good foundation for the implementation of off-site examination methods for art majors. The rapid development and popularization of computers, mobile phones and network hardware have laid a good material and technical foundation for the distance examination. First, the popularity of mobile phones is high, so long as they are popular, they can take the distance examination. The proportion of Internet users using mobile phones in China is as high as 99.1%. In 219, the shipment of smart phones was 367 million. Art candidates often have more training in different places, and the penetration rate of smart phones is higher. The existing popular smart phones, such as Huawei, OPPO, VIVO and Xiaomi's low-priced (around 8 yuan) mobile phones, all have the hardware requirements for a complete set of exams, such as high-definition display screen, high-speed Internet access, high-definition camera, high-definition microphone, speaker and GPS positioning. Second, China's extensive coverage of 4G networks and broadband wired networks has solved the bottleneck of remote data transmission and laid a solid network speed foundation for remote examinations. CNNIC's 44th Internet Development Report shows that China's Internet penetration rate is 61.2%, the proportion of broadband users over 1M is 77.1%, the average fixed bandwidth download speed is 31M, and the average mobile broadband download speed is 23M. The network environment can meet the needs of remote video and remote data acquisition and monitoring for off-site examinations. Third, Art Candidates is familiar with short videos and video applications represented by Tik Tok and Iqiyi. According to CNNIC statistics, the usage rate of online video among Chinese netizens is 88.8%, and it has become the second and third main network application after instant messaging (according to the duration of use). Therefore, the basic conditions for transmitting clear online video in real time, using mobile phones for live webcasting and data transmission have been met, and it has become a mature application of the Internet. Art Candidates is also more skilled in recording and transmitting videos and photos than the general liberal arts candidates because of the need of professional study and exhibition.
how to prevent cheating in off-site distance exams may be the most concerned by the society, and technological progress has been able to solve this problem well. First, the conditions for remote supervision and verification are ripe. With the implementation of network real-name registration system, Chinese netizens are in the "real-name registration system" mode. Especially with the popularity of online payment for exam registration fees, most mobile phones are used in real-name mode, requiring candidates to use a mobile phone to pay for the fees and remote exams, and they can lock their identities for verification (it is also possible to borrow their parents' mobile phones and use their own ID numbers); Second, at present, many remote identity verification methods such as "living verification", "face recognition" and "voice recognition" have been widely used in the financial field and people's livelihood field, replacing the mode of on-the-spot service, which has brought about the rapid development of such basic platforms and technologies. In addition, the Ministry of Public Security has also opened an identity information verification interface for technical service providers who meet relevant requirements, so that it is possible to verify whether the ID number of candidates is consistent with the person without using an entity ID card; Third, the mobile phone program can comprehensively use GPS positioning, cameras, microphones and other equipment to monitor data in real time. These basic conditions and technical measures can effectively verify the identity of candidates and complete the off-site distance examination, which has provided a reliable material basis and operating conditions for the Ministry of Education to adjust the management measures of school examination.
Of course, perfecting and optimizing the art recruitment system is a systematic project, and it is also a livelihood issue of great concern to the society. Because the college entrance examination is of high interest and the society has strict requirements for its fairness, every step of adjustment and optimization of the art recruitment system is full of exploration and uncertainty brought by internal and external factors. It is the core of optimizing the management of art examination to follow the essential law and general trend of the development of art college entrance examination, constantly improve the ability of recruitment management and fully safeguard the fairness and scientificity of the college entrance examination. On the one hand, colleges and universities that hold school examinations should always put the fairness of the college entrance examination in the first place and provide the same examination conditions for every candidate. Although the basic conditions of the network are already available, colleges and universities should provide all-out protection for candidates who do not have the conditions to record videos in rural areas and remote areas, and coordinate grassroots recruitment agencies to provide free video recording services according to candidates' applications, so that the majority of candidates can stand on the same starting line of national examinations; At the same time, strengthen the management of school examination organization, and effectively curb the cheating motivation and behavior of a few candidates by increasing the cost of cheating; Strengthen the management of internal personnel, eliminate the risks caused by internal uncertainties, strictly guard against and deal with internal personnel's violations of enrollment regulations and criminal acts of graft, and create a clean and honest enrollment environment. On the other hand, we should fully respect the differences between art majors and other disciplines and the characteristics of different majors' enrollment, and formulate the school examination setting and implementation plan tailored to the school, so that the school examination can really play its role in discovering and cultivating outstanding talents.
It is a long-term project to improve and optimize the art recruitment system. The author suggests that we should establish and improve a long-term, tracking and data-based art school examination quality monitoring system. According to the concept of "Internet+Education", with the help of modern information technology and examination technology, we will gradually build a quality monitoring platform for art majors in terms of time, region and college, and gradually build an art examination quality data monitoring system based on the geographical distribution of students, the composition of graduation schools, the performance of provincial unified examinations and school examinations, and the subsequent development of students, and establish an early warning mechanism for the quality assurance of art school examinations. At the same time, we will enhance the macro-decision-making ability of art school examinations and even the national college entrance examination based on big data.