Chapter I Sound and Pitch

The first section of sound is produced by the vibration of objects.

The sound has four properties: high and low, strong and weak, long and short, and timbre. The level of

sound is determined by the vibration times (frequency) of an object in a certain period of time. The vibration frequency is more, and the sound is higher; The vibration frequency is less and the sound is low.

the length of the sound is determined by the duration of the sound. The duration of the sound is long and the sound is long; The duration of the sound is short, and the sound is short.

the strength of the sound is determined by the amplitude (the amplitude of the vibration range of the sound). Large amplitude, strong sound; The amplitude is small and the sound is weak.

timbre is different due to the nature, shape and overtones of the pronunciation body.

due to the regularity and irregularity of the vibration state of sound, sound is divided into two categories: musical sound and noise. Music is mainly used in music, but noise is also an indispensable part of music performance.

the musical tone system in the second quarter

The sum of the notes with fixed pitch used in music is called the musical tone system.

The tones in the musical tone system are arranged in ascending or descending order, which is called a tone sequence.

each tone in the musical tone system is called a scale. There are basic levels and variable levels.

in the musical system, seven levels with independent names are called basic levels.

the names of basic tones are marked by letters and roll calls.

letter system: C D E F G A B

roll-call system: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

the sound made by the white keys on the piano is consistent with the basic sound level. Fifty-two white keys on the piano repeatedly use seven basic tone names.

two adjacent sounds with the same name are called octaves.

the tone obtained by raising or lowering the basic tone level is called the changing tone level. Raise the basic level by a semitone? L? Or? #? To mark. Reduce semitone use? Health? Or? b? To mark. Raise the whole tone? Re-promotion? Or to mark. Reduce the whole tone? Heavy drop? Or? bb? To mark.

For example, C-sharp or #C-flat or bC

Grouping of the third syllable

In order to distinguish the sounds with the same name but different pitches, we divide the sound series into many? Group? .

The group in the center of a phonetic sequence is called a small group. Its tone mark is represented by lowercase letters and the number 1 is added to the upper right.

The groups higher than the first group of fine print are named as: second group of fine print, third group of fine print, fourth group of fine print and fifth group of fine print in sequence.

The marks of two groups of small characters are indicated by lowercase letters and the number 2 is added to the upper right.

the groups lower than the small group are named as small group, large group, large group and large group in turn.

The marks of each sound in a small group are indicated by lowercase letters without numbers.

large groups are marked with capital letters without numbers.

a group of large letters is marked with capital letters and the number 1 at the lower right.

the two groups of large letters are marked with capital letters and the number 2 at the lower right.

the range and range of the fourth quarter

the total range refers to the total range of the musical series, that is, from its lowest pitch (C2? C5).

the range of an individual voice or instrument refers to the part that can be achieved in the whole range, such as the range of a piano is A2? c5。

The range is a part of the range, and there are three types: high range, low range and midrange.

In the whole range, the small group, the small group 1 and the small group 2 belong to the middle range. Small three groups, small four groups and small five groups belong to the high-pitched area. Big character group, big character group 1 and big character group 2 belong to the bass area.

the characteristic timbre of each sound zone is of great significance in music expression. The treble zone is generally crisp, loud and sharp; The bass area often gives people a feeling of being thick and heavy.

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Chapter II Melody

The absolute accurate height of each tone in the musical tone system and their relationship are called melody.

divide the octave into twelve equal parts? A semitone? Our temperament is called the twelve-average temperament.

semitone is the smallest pitch distance in the twelve-average law organization. A tone whose distance between two tones is equal to two semitones is called a whole tone. The octave includes twelve semitones, that is, six whole tones.

in the middle of the basic tones in a musical sequence, except for E to F and B to C, which are semitones, the distances between the other two adjacent tones are all full tones.

According to the pure fifth relationship between complex tone's second partials and the third partials, that is, pushing up a pure fifth from a certain tone produces a sub-uniform, and then pushing up a pure fifth from the sub-uniform to produce a re-uniform, and so on, the temperament determined by this way is called the law of five degrees.

Pure law is a chord form by adding the fifth partiality to the second partiality and the third partiality which are used to form the pentatonic law.

the first section of natural semitones and natural whole tones, changing semitones and changing whole tones

A semitone composed of two adjacent tones is called a natural semitone. Such as; e? f #e? #f #g? A

The whole tone formed by two adjacent tones is called natural whole tone. Such as: c? d C? #d ba? BB

A semitone composed of two different forms of the same tone level is called a variable semitone. Such as: c? #C D? bD bbB? BB

A whole tone consisting of two different forms of the same tone or separated by a tone is called a changing whole tone.

such as: b? bbB #C? BE

Isophony in the second quarter

Phones with the same pitch but different meanings and notation are called Isophony.

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chapter iii notation