From the Book of Filial Piety —— The first chapter of the opening chapter

Zhongniju, held by Ceng Zi, Confucius said: "The late king had the supreme morality and Taoism, and the world lived in harmony with the people, and there was no resentment from top to bottom. You Zhihu?"

Ceng Zi withdrew from the meeting and said, "How do you know if you are not sensitive?"

Confucius said, "Filial piety is the foundation of virtue, and teaching is also the foundation of life." After sitting down, I talked about you. Your body is rich in skins, and your parents dare not harm you. At the beginning of filial piety, you stood on the street and made a name for yourself in later generations, showing your parents, but at the end of filial piety. When you are filial, you begin to serve your relatives, and you serve your husband. " Say gracefully, "You don't miss your ancestors, and finally stand firm."

It means: "Filial piety is the foundation of all morality, and all moral education comes from filial piety."

As a verb, "Fu" has no practical meaning in itself.

2. Translate a sentence: "Filial piety is the first, filial piety is the source of all virtues, and filial piety is the foundation of the husband. The truth of teaching comes from everything. Filial piety occupies one place, which is the root of all kindness, so filial piety is the foundation of virtue. Education and guidance can make him form the concept of filial piety.

Source: The Book of Filial Piety by Confucius and His Disciples in Qin and Han Dynasties

Original text:

Filial piety comes first, which is the source of all virtues, the foundation of husband's filial piety and the source of teaching. Confucius said, "Dear parishioners, don't be good at filial piety. Teach people to be polite and tactful, but never be good at caring. Change customs, be good at music. Not good at treating people with courtesy. Politeness, respect. So if you respect your father, you will be happy; Respect his brother, then his brother is happy; Respecting its monarch makes me happy; For one person, it is the happiness of thousands of people in Qian Qian. Few people worship, but many people are happy. This is called the main road. "

Vernacular translation:

In all things, filial piety occupies a position. Filial piety is the root of all kindness, so filial piety is the foundation of virtue. Education and guidance can make him form the concept of filial piety. Confucius said: Nothing can educate people to be intimate and friendly more than advocating filial piety. There is nothing better than teaching people to be polite and obedient.

There is nothing better than using music education to change the atmosphere and change the old habit system. Nothing can reassure the monarch and tame the people more than doing things with ethics. The so-called ceremony is love. Therefore, if you respect other people's fathers, your son will be happy; Respect other people's brothers, and younger brothers will be happy; A respectful monarch gets along well with his servants.

Loving one person can make thousands of people happy. Although only a few people are respected, thousands of people in Qian Qian are happy about it. This is the meaning of courtesy as the avenue.

Extended data

Writing background:

The Book of Filial Piety is an ethical work of ancient Confucianism in China. One of the thirteen Confucian classics. The legend was written by Confucius, but it was suspected that it was written by later generations in the Southern Song Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, Ji Yun pointed out in the Catalogue of Sikuquanshu that this book was the last words of Confucius and was written in Qin and Han Dynasties. From the Western Han Dynasty to the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, there were hundreds of commentators. At present, the more popular versions are Li Longji's Annotation of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty and Xing Bing's Annotation of Song Dynasty. The book is divided into 18 chapters.

Yu Shun is the first representative of filial piety in China. "Shangshu" contains: Shun "The father is stubborn and the mother is arrogant; It is filial piety, filial piety, and no rape. " The so-called "stubbornness" refers to "if the heart of benevolence and righteousness is absent"; The so-called "cut" is "a false word." In the face of such complicated and changeable family members, Yu Shun is extremely filial and makes family relations very harmonious.

Divination in the Book of Changes also involves the issue of "filial piety". On the sixth day, Gubu said: "The father's plan, the son's plan, the test without blame, the end of the day." It is auspicious to think that correcting father's prejudice has an end.

In fact, the Confucian idea of "cultivating one's morality, governing the country and leveling the world" stems from the establishment of the concept of home and country, and from the statement that "all things are men and women" in the Book of Changes for the development of human society. There are men and women, and then there are couples. There are couples, then there are fathers and sons, then there are princes and ministers. There are princes and ministers, and then there are ups and downs. This is the most common understanding basis.

The family is composed of men and women, and the family pushes the "monarch and minister" and "up and down" of the country. Everything goes well at home. The family is the harbor where people rest, and the country is the backer of people's backbone!

The Book of Filial Piety was honored as a classic in the Tang Dynasty, and was listed as one of the thirteen classics after the Southern Song Dynasty. In the long social and historical process of China, it is regarded as a classic of "Confucius' narrative, which sets an example for future generations", and has played a great role in spreading and maintaining social ethics and social order.

About the author:

Confucius (September 28th BC1year-April BC1year), surnamed Kong, was born in the late Spring and Autumn Period (now Qufu, Shandong) and his ancestral home was Li Yi (now Xiayi, Henan), an ancient thinker and educator in China.

Confucius' ancestor was a nobleman in Yi Li (now Xiayi, Henan Province) in Song Dynasty, and the founding monarch of Shang Dynasty, Shang Tang. After the rebellion of the three kingdoms in the early Zhou Dynasty, in order to appease the nobles and future generations of the Shang Dynasty, the Duke of Zhou appointed his younger brother Wei to establish the Song Kingdom in Shangqiu and worship Yin Shang as emperor. After Wei's death, his brother succeeded to the throne, but Confucius' first 15 ancestor.

The sixth ancestor got Kong's family and was Kong's father. Kong was a doctor in the Song Dynasty. He used to be a fu, and his fief was in the territory of the Song Dynasty. Later, he was killed by Taizai Huadu in the civil strife in the imperial court. Confucius' father Jia Zi, his father and son, his uncle and uncle Liang's grandson are all Confucius' fathers. Liang Shu's uncle fled to Lu (now Qufu, Shandong Province) to escape the war in the Song Dynasty and settled down. His official position was Doctor Qiao.

3. Fast translation of filial piety.

Confucius sat beside Ceng Zi. Confucius said, "The ancient sage king had the highest virtue and the most important principle, which was used to obey the world, so the people were at peace and the monarch and his subjects had no complaints." Do you know this morality? "

Ceng Zi left his seat and respectfully replied, "Zeng Shen is not smart. How do I know?"

Confucius said, "Filial piety is the foundation of virtue, and enlightenment comes from it." Go back to your seat and I'll tell you. People's trunk, limbs, hair and skin are all obtained from their parents, and they dare not slander or damage them. This is the beginning of filial piety. Self-cultivation, virtue, glory for future generations and glory for parents are the destination of filial piety. Filial piety begins with serving parents and continues with serving the monarch. Both loyalty and filial piety are the ultimate destination of filial piety. The Book of Songs Daya Wang Wen says, "How can you not miss your ancestors and study hard to cultivate their virtues?"

4. Seeking classical Chinese translation, Zhong Niju, by Ceng Zi. Confucius said, "The late king had a road of supreme virtue, so as to obey the world, make people harmonious, and have no complaints from top to bottom. Do you blame Ceng Zi for stepping back from the table and saying, "If you are not sensitive, how can you know?"? Confucius said, "Filial piety is the foundation of virtue, from which teaching is born." Sit down and I'll talk to you. The body is a skin injury, and parents dare not hurt it. Filial piety begins. Standing on the street, making a name for yourself in later generations to show your parents, is also the end of filial piety. Filial piety begins with pro-service, middle-service and finally stands. "Scholars" says: "Don't think about your ancestors, learn from them with morality.

Confucius sits around at home, and his students are used to sitting beside him. Confucius said: "The wise emperors in ancient times had the highest virtue and the heaviest truth. They use this virtue and truth to educate people and make everyone obey. Therefore, people love each other, and there is no resentment between young people and old people. Do you know what this truth is? " Ceng Zi left the table, stood up and said, "Zeng Shen is not smart enough. How can we know? Confucius said: "Filial piety is the foundation of all virtues and the root of all education. Sit down and let me tell you. People's bodies, limbs, hair and skin are all inherited from their parents. (Therefore, children should abide by benevolence and righteousness, take good care of them and preserve them carefully. ) This is the beginning of filial piety. The ultimate goal of filial piety is to make achievements, take the right path, show fame to future generations, and honor ancestors. Therefore, the practice of filial piety begins with serving parents and extends to serving kings. The ultimate goal is to stand on the street, make a name for yourself in later generations and do filial piety. As the Book of Songs, Confucianism and King of Literature said, "How can you not remember your ancestors? We should cultivate self-cultivation and carry forward the virtues of our ancestors.

Xunzi is not the only one who translated and wrote "persuasion" in classical Chinese. Among them, the most influential ones are: before Xunzi, there was a vegetarian meal in the corpse, Persuasion; After Xunzi, there was Yan Zhitui's Mianxue. You said that this article is an encouragement to study by Shizi. Shizi, whose real name was Shi Jiao (about 390 ~ 330 BC), was a native of Jin State (about Lu State) and a representative figure of Legalists in the Warring States Period. He advocated the rule of law and participated in Shang Yang's political reform. After Shang Yang was killed, he fled to Shu. He wrote The Cross, which has been published now. Never tire of teaching, so it is also necessary to treat people with things. Give up and die, then rot; Let the women workers feel beautiful, so the king accepted it and faced it. If they are cocooned, they will know how to rot. If the sage teaches him that he is a scholar, then the princes in the world dare not disrespect him. Zi Gong, a Jia of Wei; Zhuo Yan collects thieves; Zhuan Xu, Shi, and Confucius all cultivated them into outstanding scholars. My husband's metaphor is still sharp. Kunwu's gold is tied to my dad's tin, so Du Jie's work can be forged into a sword, which can be sharpened, but it can't penetrate, so that it can strike continuously. Grinding it for profit, coupled with the Yellow Emperor, its thorns are unprecedented, and its blows are indispensable. Naturally, from a point of view. If parents are evil, they are afraid and have no complaints. "However, in filial piety, there is no choice between love and evil. History? Yue: "Jun, if you are close to me, you will be the most respectful; Sparse appearance, no resentment. "However, if you are close to each other, you have no choice but to become loyal. Confucius said, "If you entertain yourself, you will be straight. If you don't be straight, you will be good and useless. If you don't swim, you will be a city. "However, if you are prosperous and abolished, you will have no choice to be good." Qu Houfu: "Sages are easy to know." There's something in here. Guan Zhong, Huan Gong and Mu Gong are hundreds of miles apart, which is better than their virtue. This is why countries are closed and small, and they are filthy, but they still rule the world. Today, they are not more than will and looks, nor are they more than behavior, but they can also stay away from the enemy. There are more farmers than millet, more businessmen than wealth, and more martyrs than loyalty. Therefore, they are prison guards, tourists, farmers and martyrs. Virtue is noble. How should I know? Si Chengzi seldom met a vassal. His servant said, "Take a vassal as a joke?" Zi Han said: "In ancient times, the so-called good people did good deeds; A noble man values his heart. Today, a noble man values his heart. How dare I respect him? " From this point of view, in ancient times, the so-called noble people were not among the noble people, and the so-called goodness was not the first principle. People are more expensive than the country, and the son of heaven is more expensive than the next generation, but virtue also harms heaven and earth. The pillar of noble people, Germany also abandoned, the rest also lost. The poem says: "Gai Gan Tang, don't be defeated, call Bo Xie." It is also the opposite of being noble and humble. Those who have virtue and righteousness look at it, listen to it, and heaven and earth are right. Everything is repetitive, and it is expensive without a title. Walking in the land pool has no worries, and six horses can't look at its dust, so whoever comes, whatever. Accumulate soil into a mountain, and then hold it. When the water accumulates into a river, the fish that swallowed the boat was born; The accumulation of husband's study also gives birth to something. People who don't learn without learning, people who don't learn without being naked. Never tire of teaching, it is used to manage others. If the cocoon is finished and abandoned, it will deteriorate and be foolishly abandoned. If the women workers are reeling and made into beautiful brocade, then the emperor will go to court; Can wear it. Everyone is like a cocoon. If you give up and don't cure it, your wisdom and behavior will become ignorant and corrupt. If a wise man teaches him, he will become a contemporary celebrity, so no vassal in the world dares to disrespect him. Therefore, Lutz is a clown in eastern Shandong, Zi Gong is a businessman in Di Wei, and Yan Zhuoju is a clown. After being taught by Confucius, they all became celebrities. Taking learning as a metaphor is like sharpening the truth. Even Kunwu's copper, his father's tin. You can't stab deeply with it, nor can you cut it off with it. If you use a rough grinding stone to grind, and then use a fine grinding stone to grind, then you can stab like nothing in front and use it for side attack, and the bottom is as sharp as nothing. From this point of view, grinding is far from grinding. People nowadays know how to sharpen their knives, but they don't know how to sharpen themselves. Learning is to sharpen yourself. If people have the ability to measure themselves, they can make other people's difficulties easy. "This means that other people's difficulties are easy to do in their own places. Therefore, Ceng Zi said: "Parents love themselves and are happy without forgetting their parents' love; Parents hate themselves and don't blame their parents for being afraid. "In this case, whether parents love themselves or hate themselves makes no difference to them. History? He said: "If you are close to yourself, you will be respectful and humble; If you despise yourself and stay away from yourself, you will be respected and have no complaints. "In this case, it makes no difference whether you are close to yourself or alienate yourself. Confucius said: "It is a noble line of discipline to take pleasure in moral standards, not to overdo it, and to abandon talent and morality without depression. "So, in this case, there is no difference. Qu Houfu said: "It is easy to know whether he is wise or not. Observe who he gives money to when he is rich, who he recommends when he is in power, who he does nothing when he is abandoned, and who he does not give money to when he is down and out. "In this case, whether he is rich or poor, his own virtue makes no difference. Near and far; Abandoning them can achieve their own virtue because they have that kind of talent. " Qi Huangong uses Guan Zhong and Qin Mugong uses Prissy, both of which are close to their virtues.