Ancient Chinese Musician

Confucius: a famous educator and musician in the Spring and Autumn Period. Around 481 BC, he composed the music "Zou Cao" to mourn the two wise officials who were killed by Zhao Jianzi. The existing qin music "Guishan Cao", "Huolin Cao" and "Yilan Cao" are said to be the works of Confucius.

Bo Ya: a luther player in the Spring and Autumn Period. "Xunzi: Encouragement to Learning" says that "Bo Ya played the harp while the six horses raised their heads", which shows his superb harp skills. According to legend, his representative works include "Narcissus Exercises" and "Mountains and Flowing Waters".

Shi Kuang: a musician from the Jin State during the Spring and Autumn Period. He is blind, but his hearing is keen and he can distinguish music very accurately. His representative works include "White Snow" and "Xuan Mo".

Yongmenzhou: Warring States luther master. He was good at playing the harp and played the harp for Mr. Mengchang. Later generations said that he was the first person to invent piano music.

Li Yannian: Court musician of the Han Dynasty. He once served as the Xielu Captain of Yuefu. His representative works include the creation of 28 new tunes based on "Moko Doule" brought back by Zhang Qian from the Western Regions, which were used as military music for ceremonial purposes.

Huan Tan: a qin master of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Ren Zhangle doctor. His "New Treatise" often discusses music. He also wrote "Qin Dao", which introduces the deeds about Qin and Qin music.

Cai Yong: a qin player in the late Han Dynasty. He created the famous "Cai's Five Lanes", including "Spring Outing", "Lushui", "Secret Thoughts", "Sitting in Sorrow" and "Autumn Thoughts". The extant "Autumn Moon Shines on Thatched Pavilion" and "Thinking of Friends in the Mountains" are also passed down as his works.

Cai Yan: a female qin player in the late Han Dynasty, named Wenji, the daughter of Cai Yong. At the end of the Han Dynasty, she was captured into the Hu region and was redeemed by Cao Cao twelve years later. Among the musical instruments that express this theme are "Big Hu Jia", "Little Hu Jia", "Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia", etc. These are often attributed to her.

Ji Kang: a qin player, writer and thinker in the late Wei Dynasty during the Three Kingdoms period. He is knowledgeable, good at writing poems and essays, loves music, and is good at playing the piano. He is famous for playing Guangling San. His representative works include "On Soundless Sad Music" and "Qin Fu", which provide detailed and vivid descriptions of music and the playing method and expressive power of the Qin.

Ruan Ji: A famous scholar in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, one of the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove. Proficient in piano. The existing qin music "Drunken Madness" is said to be his work. There is a music treatise "Music Theory" handed down from generation to generation.

Ruan Xian: A qin master in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, one of the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove. The Qin music "Three Gorges Flowing Spring" is said to be his work.

Liu Kun: a qin player in the Jin Dynasty. He composed "Five Nongs of Hujia", including: "Deng Long", "Wang Qin", "Bamboo Chanting Wind", "Sorrow for Truffles", "Sorrow for the Han Moon", which was the earliest work composed of the sound of Hujia for qin music.

Su Dipo: Court musician in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. She is good at playing the Hu Pipa, and her family has passed down the Qiuci music system of "Five Dans and Seven Tones". Its music theory has effectively promoted the establishment and development of the ancient palace tune system in my country.

He Ruobi: Sui Dynasty qin master. He composed the piano music "Shi Bo Jin", "Qing Ye Yin", "Don't Change Jade", etc. There is "Qing Ye Yin" in "Xilu Tang Qin Tong".

Wan Baochang: Sui Dynasty musician, good at playing various musical instruments. His representative works include "Music Score".

Zhao Yeli: Qin master in the early Tang Dynasty. The piano art is unparalleled in the world. He has compiled "Cai's Five Nongs" and "Hujia Five Nongs" and other piano music. He is the author of nine volumes of "Qin Xulu", "Illustration of Gestures for Playing the Qin" and "Right Hand Technique for Playing the Qin". He summed up the Qin school by saying: "Wu's voice is clear and graceful, like the Yangtze River flowing widely, stretching and passing slowly, and has the style of a national scholar; Shu's voice is impatient, like rushing waves rushing to thunder, and it is also a moment of beauty." These comments are still in line with Wu and Shu. Characteristics of both factions.

Li Longji: A musician of the Tang Dynasty, he was also the first emperor musician in ancient my country. He is good at playing Jie drum and transverse flute, and has composed and adapted "Midnight Music", "Xiao Po Formation Music", "Nancy Clothes and Feather Clothes Music", etc. The Tang Dynasty music institutions Jiaofang and Liyuan were established.

Li Guinian: A musician in the Tang Dynasty. He played the wind instrument Zhen with superb skills. Many poets have heard his performance and wrote many popular poems.

Dong Tinglan: Qin master in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Chen Huaigu, who joined the army in Fengzhou, learned the popular "Shen Jiasheng" and "Zhu Jiasheng" at that time, and he excelled in his studies. It enjoyed a high reputation in the Tang Dynasty. The surviving qin music such as "Da Hu Jia", "Xiao Hu Jia" and "Yizhen" are said to be his works.

Xue Yijian: a qin player in the Tang Dynasty. He started playing the piano at the age of nine. At the age of 12, he could play the 30th piece of miscellaneous music and three pieces including "Three Gorges Flowing Spring". At the age of 17, he could play two volumes of "Hujia" and famous pieces such as "Farewell to the Crane" and "White Snow". In addition to paying attention to "light and sharp fingering, gentle sound, continuous rhyme, and beautiful sentences", he also emphasized the inner expression of "all sounds and rhymes have their own ownership". He also pointed out the "seven diseases" of lack of concentration reflected in the posture of playing the piano, which were taken seriously by later generations of qin players, thus deriving many rules for playing the qin.

Jiang Kui: Song Dynasty musician and poet, also known as Taoist Baishi, known as Jiang Baishi in the world. Representative works include "Yangzhou Slow", "Desolate Prisoner", "Songs of Taoist Baishi", etc.

Yi Hai: Northern Song Dynasty qin master. An entry-level disciple of Yizhong. Studying the piano at Fahua Mountain in Yuezhou, "I didn't go down the mountain for ten years, and my hands wouldn't let go of the strings day and night, so I was exhausted." He is the author of "Monk Zequan's Rhythmic Fingering".

Guo Chuwang: a qin player in the Southern Song Dynasty. Feeling that political corruption was like clouds and mist covering Mount Jiuyi, he composed the music "Xiaoxiang Water Clouds". There are also piano music works such as "Qiu Hong" and "Pan Cang Lang". It is said that Liu Zhifang formed the famous Zhejiang School of Qin art with Mao Minzhong and Xu Tianmin. Guo Chuwang is actually the founder of Zhejiang School.

Xu Tianmin: Qin master in the Southern Song Dynasty.

When he was a disciple of Yang Zan, he switched from studying Jiangxi musical notation to Guo Chuwang musical notation, and participated in the editing of "Zixiadong Qinpu". His ancestors and grandchildren are all famous luthiers for four generations. Later generations praised it as "The True Story of Xu Men". The existing "Zepan Yin" in the "Magical Secret Book" is his work.

Mao Minzhong: Southern Song Dynasty qin master. When he was a disciple of Yang Zan, he learned genealogy from Guo Chuwang from Liu Zhifang. He composed many qin music, including "Fisherman's Song", "Woodcutter's Song", "Liezi Yufeng", "Mountain Dwelling Song", "Peilan", etc. Among them, "Fisherman's Song" and "Woodcutter's Song" are of very high artistic level.

Yan Zheng: a qin player in the late Ming Dynasty. Founder of Yushan School. The style of Qin is "clear, subtle, light and distant", and the "Song Xian Guan Qin Music Score" compiled by him is the main collection of music scores of the Yushan School.

Zhu Zaiyu: a musicologist of the Ming Dynasty. He is the author of "The Complete Book of Music", "Lv Lu Zheng Lun", "Lv Lu Questioning and Discriminating Confusion" and other books. "The Complete Book of Musical Rhythm" summarizes and develops the previous theories of music rhythm, and pioneers the theory of "new law density".

Xu Shangying: a qin master in the late Ming Dynasty. The master of the Yushan School. He and Yan Zheng were both disciples of Chen Aitong, but their styles were very different. He absorbed fast-paced piano music such as "Pheasants Flying in the Morning" and "Crying at Night" and included them in "Da Huan Ge Qin Score". The Qinfeng "Xu Ji Xian Bei" makes up for the shortcomings of Yan Zheng. His book "Xishan Qin Kuang" provides a systematic and detailed explanation of the aesthetic theory of Qin music performance.

Zhuang Zhenfeng: Qin Dynasty qin player. After playing the piano for nearly 30 years, he composed the first piece of music, which was included in the "Voices of Qin Studies". The more popular ones include "Wu Ye Dancing in the Autumn Wind", "Spring Mountain Listening to the Cuckoo", etc.

Xu Changyu: a qin player in the early Qing Dynasty. The forerunner of the Guangling Qin School. The handed down musical score was published as "Chengjiantang Qinpu" in 1702, which was the earliest collection of musical scores of the Guangling School.

Xu Qi: Qing Dynasty piano master. The successor of Guangling Sect. The collection of passed music is "Wuzhizhai Qinpu". Most of the music collected are from the Yushan School, and each piece has been processed and developed. From this, we can see the origin and relationship between the Guangling School and the Yushan School.

Wu Hong: Qing Dynasty piano master. He learned piano from Xu Jintang, the grandson of Xu Changyu. It was the heyday of the Guangling School, and there were many qin players gathering around, playing day and night, which was very helpful to him. He devoted himself to learning the piano for decades and compiled 82 pieces of music. In 1802, he published "Ziyuantang Qinpu", making him the master of the Guangling School.

Zhu Fengjie: a qin player in the Qing Dynasty. He started studying piano at the age of nineteen and has devoted himself to piano learning for more than thirty years. He is the author of "Yuguzhai Qinpu" and has in-depth discussions on the theory of Qin theory.

Zhang Kongshan: Qing Dynasty piano master. He studied piano from Feng Tongyun, a native of Zhejiang. During the Xianfeng period, he was a Taoist priest in Qingcheng Mountain, Sichuan. In 1875, he assisted Tang Yiming in compiling "Tianwenge Qinpu". The songs passed down, such as "Flowing Water", "Drunken Fishermen Singing Evening", and "Pu'an Mantra" are all very distinctive. "Liu Shui" developed and processed by him has been widely circulated.

Hua Yanjun (1893-1950) folk musician. His nickname is A Bing, a native of Dongting, Wuxi, Jiangsu, and the son of Hua Qinghe, a local Taoist priest from Lei Zun Temple. Abing's instrumental performance was deeply welcomed by the masses, and his superb skills were valued by the local Taoist music circle as early as the age of eighteen. He has studied various folk music extensively, and is able to transcend the narrow teaching and imitation, and compose and perform various instrumental music based on his own feelings about real life. However, most of his works in his life have not been handed down to the world due to various reasons. Only the erhu pieces "Moon Reflected on Two Springs", "Listening to the Pines", and "Cold Spring Wind"; the pipa pieces "Big Waves Washing the Sand", "Zhaojun Leaving the Fortress", "Dragon Boat", etc. have been preserved and have become treasures in the palace of Chinese national music. .

Liu Tianhua (1895-1932) was a famous composer, national instrumentalist and music educator. A native of Jiangyin County, Jiangsu Province. Born into a family of intellectuals, he was the younger brother of the writer Liu Bannong. In 1922, she was employed in Beijing and taught at the Music Transmission Institute of Peking University. In the autumn of the same year, she also served as a music and physical education teacher at Beijing Women's Normal School. In 1926, he taught in the Music Department of Beijing Art College and the Music Department of Peking University Women's College of Arts and Sciences until his death. In his lifetime, he composed forty-seven erhu etudes and eleven pipa etudes. It laid the foundation for professional erhu creation and performance.

Ren Guang (1900-1941) was born in Shengxian County, Zhejiang Province. I have loved folk music since I was a child and can play the piano, trumpet, and organ. In 1919, he went to France for a work-study program, where he worked as a piano repairman and studied music at the same time. In 1934, he composed the famous "Yu Guang Song" (the episode of the progressive film of the same name, starring Zhou Xuan as the lead singer) and became famous in one fell swoop. Later, he also composed movie interludes such as "Moonlight", "New Lotus Falling", "March of the Earth" and some national salvation songs, such as "Fight Back Home" (signed by Qianfa), "Sorghum is Red" and other famous songs. In addition, he also composed the music for the opera "Taierzhuang" ("Hongbo Song").

He Luting (1903-1997), formerly known as He Kai, was a famous contemporary musician and educator from Shaoyang, Hunan. In 1931, he was admitted to Shanghai National Music College. In his early years, he participated in the Hunan Peasant Movement and the Guangzhou Uprising. He has successively served as a teacher at Wuchang Art College, chief of the music department of Star Film Company, music teacher of the Propaganda Team of the Political Department of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia-Shanxi-Suiyuan Joint Defense Forces, director of the Yan'an Central Orchestra, and director of the North China Art Troupe. Over the past half century, He Luting has created three cantata, 24 choruses, nearly 100 songs, six piano pieces, six orchestral pieces, more than ten film music and some Yang opera music and instrumental solos. , and author of "Selected Music Papers of He Luting". Died in Shanghai on April 27, 1999.

Xian Xinghai (1905-1945) was originally from Panyu, Guangdong, and was born into a poor boatman's family in Macau. A famous composer and pianist in modern China, he is known as the "people's musician". In 1926, he entered the Music Transmission Institute of Peking University and in 1928, he entered the Shanghai National Music College to study music. In 1929, he went to Paris for a work-study program, where he studied under the famous violinist Pany Obedofel and the famous composer Paul Ducasse. After returning to China in 1935, he actively participated in the anti-Japanese and national salvation movement. He went to Yan'an in 1938 and later served as the director of the music department of Lu Xun Academy of Art. Died of illness in Moscow in October 1945.

Nie Er (1912-1935), whose original name was Nie Shouxin, whose courtesy name was Ziyi, and whose first name was Ziyi. A native of Yuxi, Yunnan, born in Kunming. Since childhood, he has loved folk music such as lanterns and Yunnan opera, and can play a variety of folk instruments. He grew up in a poor family and had deep feelings for the working people. He composed dozens of revolutionary songs in his limited life. His series of works are the products of the people's revolution led by the Communist Party of China. Nie Er opened up the path of new music in China and was a pioneer of proletarian revolutionary music in China. Nie Er is the composer of the "March of the Volunteers", the national anthem of the Communist Party of China.

Ma Sicong (1912-1987) was the first generation of violin music composer and performer in China, occupying an important position in the history of modern Chinese music. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War in 1945, he successively served as conductor of the Taiwan Symphony Orchestra, director of the Department of Art and Music in Guangzhou, principal of the Shanghai Chinese Music School, and president of the Hong Kong Chinese Conservatory of Music. After 1950, he served as the first president of the Central Conservatory of Music, and concurrently served as vice chairman of the Chinese Musicians Association and editor-in-chief of "Music Creation".

Wang Luobin (1913-1996), a famous disseminator of western folk songs, is known as the King of Modern Chinese Songs. One of China's most famous national musicians in the 20th century. Originally from Beijing. Graduated from the Music Department of Beijing Normal University in 1934. After he adapted the first Xinjiang folk song "The Girl from Dabancheng" in Lanzhou in 1938, he formed an indissoluble bond with western folk songs and lived in the northwest for nearly sixty years (during which he entered the country twice). He was imprisoned for eighteen years) and devoted his legendary life to the creation and dissemination of western folk songs.

Lei Zhenbang (1916--1997) is a famous film music composer in my country, a national first-level composer, a former director of the Chinese Musicians Association, a director of the Chinese Film Artists Association, and a paid member of the China Film Music Association. President and member of the 6th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. Over the past few decades, Lei Zhenbang has composed mainly story film music: "Dong Cunrui", "Malan Flowers Bloom", "Lusheng Love Song", "Happy Flowers and Full Moon", "Five Golden Flowers", "Jinyuji", "Dajihe" "His Father", "Sanjie Liu", "Wan Muchun", "Visitors from the Iceberg", "Girl from Jingpo", "War Map", "The Iron Giant", "The Reef", "Ji Hongchang", "The Junior" , "Love Song in the Valley", "Answer You Tomorrow", "Spiritual Change", "Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Indigo", "The Devil of the East"... There are also 82 episodes of the TV series "Four Generations Under One Roof", etc.

Ma Ke (1918-1976) was born in Xuzhou, Jiangsu. He arrived in Yan'an in 1939 and worked and studied in the music troupe of Lu Xun Art Institute. He received guidance from Xian Xinghai, Lu Ji and others, and recorded and sorted out a large number of ethnic materials. Later, he engaged in music activities in the Northeast Liberated Area. After liberation, he served as the vice president of the China Conservatory of Music. He wrote more than 200 musical works in his life, including the songs "Nanniwan", "We Are Democratic Youth", "We Workers Have Power", "Luliang Mountain Cantata", the Yangzhou opera "Couple Literacy" and the opera " "Zhou Zishan" (collaborated with Zhang Lu and Liu Chi), "White-Haired Girl" (collaborated with Qu Wei, Zhang Lu, Xiang Yu, etc.), "Xiao Erhei's Marriage", orchestral music "Northern Shaanxi Suite", etc. are the most widely circulated. "Sorrow", which was composed collectively under his leadership, is now the most formal song for wedding ceremonies in China.

Li Delun (1917-2001) was born in Beijing. He studied piano and violin in his youth. When he was studying at Fu Jen Catholic University, he formed a student orchestra with teachers and students and participated in performances. In 1940, he was admitted to the National Shanghai Music College, where he studied cello with I.SHEVTZOV and R.DUCKSON, and music theory with W.FRANKEL. Conductor and artistic director of the Central Orchestra. The 8th Vice Chairman of the Chinese Musicians Association and Director of the Performing Arts Committee. In people's minds, Li Delun's name is always associated with "symphony". At the age of 84, he passed away suddenly after being ill for many years, which made people lament that "there is no spare "Pastoral" song in the world, but Li Delun is not seen in the world."

Li Huanzhi (1919-) was originally from Jinjiang, Fujian, and was born in Hong Kong. In 1936, he entered the Shanghai Domestic Music College and studied under Xiao Youmei. After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, he engaged in revolutionary song composition in Xiamen, Hong Kong and other places. In 1938, he studied in the Music Department of Yan'an Lu Xun Art Institute. After graduation, he stayed at the school to teach and edited "Ethnic Music". During the War of Liberation, he served as the director of the Music Department of the North China Lianda University College of Literature and Art. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he has been active in the music front and is currently the chairman of the Chinese Musicians Association.

Over the past 40 years, he has created a large number of musical works. In addition to the popular songs such as "March for Democracy and the Founding of the People's Republic of China", "March of New China Youth", "Socialism Is Good" and other songs, the main orchestral works include "Spring Festival Suite" and "First Symphony". ——Heroic Island", the guqin string song chorus "Su Wu", the guzheng concerto "Miluo River Fantasia", the one-act opera "Autumn in a Foreign Country", etc. He also edited the "Composition Tutorial" and wrote more than 300 papers, some of which Included in the book "Essays on Music Creation".

Fu Cong (1934-) was born in Shanghai. He started learning piano at the age of 8 and a half, and studied with Italian pianist Mei Baiqi at the age of 9. In 1954, he went to Poland to study. In March 1955, he won the third place in the "5th Chopin International Piano Competition" and the "Mazurka" Best Prize. In 1959, he left his hometown for the sake of art and became a sensation. Since then, he has traveled to five continents and performed on the international music stage alone, earning the reputation of "Piano Poet".

He Zhanhao (1932-) He Zhanhao is an outstanding musician in China and a world-famous composer. He is currently a professor at the Shanghai Conservatory of Music in China and vice chairman of the Shanghai Musicians Association of China. Composed China's first violin concerto "Liang Zhu". But in the following decades few of his works were published. Some people say that this piece is not only the peak of He Zhanhao's music career, but also a model of the perfect combination of traditional Chinese music and Western music.

Chen Gang (1935-) was born in Shanghai. He studied music with his father Chen Gexin since he was a child, and started studying piano with Hungarian pianist Valer at the age of ten. When he was in his fourth year of college, he collaborated with He Zhanhao to write the violin concerto "Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai" which was well-known at home and abroad.