Classical music period: The classical music period is the shortest period in the history of Western music, lasting from 1750 to 1820. The development of classical music entered the "classical music period" as soon as Bach's era passed. Therefore, the classical music period took the year of Bach's death in 1750 as its starting point. In addition, because Beethoven's late works showed romantic tendencies, the classical music school ended in 1820 (Beethoven died in 1827). However, it should be noted that although the Baroque and Classical periods use 1750 as the dividing point, the form of the classical style is not as clear as the Renaissance to Baroque period, which uses 1600 as the dividing point. Generally speaking, It is said that the period from 1740 to 1770 was a transitional period for the formation of the classical style. The name "classical music school" was of course chosen by later generations after studying the music style of this period. Since the word "classical" is used, the feeling given to people by the music of this period must be "noble" and "elegant"! It is absolutely true that the music of the Classical period is indeed very different from the Baroque period before it and the Romantic period after it. Classical music usually gives the listener a simple, clear, beautiful and balanced impression, which is very different from the gorgeous and complex music of the Baroque period, and the romantic period music that emphasizes the catharsis of the composer's personal emotions ( Of course, not all musical works of the classical period do not contain personal emotions, but the extent is much smaller than those of the romantic period). The main reason for this situation is that the composers of the classical music school were influenced by the spirit of classicism in literature at that time. What they pursued was an objective beauty in the form of music. Therefore, most of the music of the classical music school has uniformity and regularity. character. Summarizing the musical performance of the classical music period, the music of this period has the following characteristics: 1. The abandonment of digital bass: In the previous section, we mentioned that the use of "digital bass" is one of the characteristics of Baroque music, but Baroque music Once the period ended, the term digital bass also went into history. By the classical period, polyphonic music was rarely used. At this time, it was almost dominated by leitmotif music. In leitmotif music, one part usually plays the main melody, and other parts serve as accompaniment. In the classical period, composers no longer represented the harmonic accompaniment with numbers as in the Baroque period, and then had the digital bass players improvise. Composers during this period had already written out the harmonious parts of the tunes and arranged various instruments to play them to increase the variety of different timbres. 2. The use of expressions of "crescendo" and "decrescendo" in musical phrases: Today, most people may be accustomed to the expression of musical phrases in crescendo and decrescendo, and take it for granted, but what we must explain here is that this The way of expression only started in the classical period. In the era of polyphonic music, polyphonic music emphasizes that each part has the same status and each part must be balanced, so it is not easy to have performances with large differences in strength. Even the main-key music of the Baroque period emphasizes the alternation of strength and weakness between the solo part and the accompaniment part to produce changes in the light and dark of the music. However, the contrast of the strength and weakness of the phrases in the Baroque period is expressed in a clear step pattern. , people at that time did not have the concept of shaping musical phrases into "crescendo" or "decrescendo", so the expression techniques of musical phrases crescendo and decrescendo were only established in the classical period. 3. Establishment of the sonata form: The term sonata has appeared before the classical period, but the original sonatas were vague in form and meaning. At that time, the name was mainly used for instrumental music, and the purpose was only to match the vocal music. Make a distinction. However, in the classical period, sonatas were gradually established as a form of music through the efforts of composers such as D. Skarstie, Bach's son K.P.E. Zate, Beethoven and others carried it forward. The Romantic Era: 1820 to 1910. At the end of the 18th century, the French Revolution occurred, which shocked the whole of Europe. The middle class rose, the nobility and church organizations declined, and freedom, equality, and fraternity were advocated. Changes It changed society and culture, and romanticism became a new trend. In less than a hundred years, musical talents emerged and created more styles of music. Musicians of the Romantic period changed old forms and rules in order to better express their emotions. The Romantic music school has several characteristics: the establishment of title music, the creation of symphonic poetry, the rise of the national music school, and more sophisticated instruments (in the 1830s, Behm improved wind instruments), and the orchestral arrangement was expanded step by step, creating this splendid of romantic music.

There were too many composers and musicians in this era, including: the violin wizard Nicolo Paganini (1782?1840), the German romantic opera composer Carl Maria von Weber (1786?1826), the king of songs- Schubert (Franz Schubert 1797?1828), Italian opera singer Gioachino Antonio Rossini (1792?1868), French composer who promoted title music - Hector Berlioz (1803?1869), the happiest Musician - Felix Mendelssohn (1809?1847), piano poet - Chopin (1810?1849), husband-singing and married-music family - Schumann (Robert Schumann 1810?1856) and Clara Wieck Schumann, pioneer of symphonic poetry Liszt (Ferencz Liszt 1811?1886), Wagner who pioneered musical drama (Richard Wagner 1813?1883), Italian opera master Giuseppe Verdi (Giuseppe Verdi 1813?1901), composer with a strong Spanish style - La Edouard-Victor-Antoine Lalo (1823?1892), God’s composer Anton Bruckner (1824?1896), Germany’s third B-Johannes Brahms (1833?1897), Bruch ( Max Bruch 1838?1920), the opera composer who created the most tear-jerking opera - Puccini (Giao Puccini 1858?1924), the gigantist - *** (Gustav Mahler 1860?1911), Rachmaninoff (Sergei Rachmaninov 1873?1943) and the last of the Romantic School - Richard Strauss (1864?1949). In the past one hundred years, many artists' works have been produced, and they have evolved to the point where you can buy endless CDs today.