1. Little knowledge about National Day

October 1st is China’s National Day. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the Chinese people have fought successively and achieved the success of the people’s revolution. Great victory. On October 1, 1949, the founding ceremony of the People's Republic of China was held in Tiananmen Square, the capital, Beijing. Amidst the rumbling salutes, Chairman Mao Zedong of the Central People's Government solemnly declared the founding of the People's Republic of China and raised the first flag with his own hands. The five-star red flag. Three hundred thousand soldiers and civilians gathered in Tiananmen Square for a grand military parade and celebratory parade. October 1 is our country’s National Day. Why is this day designated as the National Day? After more than a hundred years of heroic struggle, the Chinese people , under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, achieved a great victory of the people's revolution. The founding of the People's Republic of China was proclaimed on October 1, 1949. This was the greatest change in Chinese history. In 1949 At the first session of the CPPCC in September, it was decided to designate October 1 as National Day

At 3 pm on October 1, 1949, 300,000 people in Beijing held a grand ceremony in Tiananmen Square to celebrate the founding of the People's Republic of China. The Central People's Government of the Republic of China was established. Chairman Mao Zedong solemnly declared the founding of the People's Republic of China and the Central People's Government and raised the first Five-Star Red Flag in person. Chairman Mao read out the "Announcement of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China": "The Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China is the only legitimate government representing the people of the People's Republic of China. All parties willing to abide by equality and mutual benefit This government is willing to establish diplomatic relations with any foreign government that respects the principles of mutual respect for territorial sovereignty and other principles. "A military parade and mass demonstration will be held immediately. Commander-in-Chief Zhu De reviewed the navy, army and air force and announced the "Order of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Headquarters", ordering the Chinese People's Liberation Army to quickly eliminate all remaining armed forces of the Kuomintang and liberate all unliberated lands. On the same day, Beijing Xinhua Radio Station conducted a live broadcast of the founding ceremony of the People's Republic of China in Tiananmen Square. This is the first large-scale live broadcast in the history of China People's Broadcasting, and it is broadcast simultaneously by People's Broadcasting Stations across the country.

2. The origin of National Days in various countries around the world

The basis for determining National Days in various countries around the world is varied. According to statistics, there are 35 countries in the world that use the time when the country was established as its National Day. Countries such as Cuba and Cambodia celebrate the day when the capital is occupied as a National Day. Some countries regard Independence Day as their national holiday. On January 1, 1804, the Haitian people annihilated Napoleon's 60,000-strong expeditionary force and declared independence in Port-au-Prince. Since then, January 1 each year has been designated as National Day. The same is true for countries such as Mexico and Ghana. There are also some countries that use the anniversary of the armed uprising as their national day. July 14th is France’s Bastille Day. On this day in 1789, the people of Paris captured the Bastille, a symbol of feudal rule, and overthrew the monarchy. Some other countries regard major conference days as national days. The United States celebrates its National Day on July 4, 1776, when the Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence. Canada celebrates the day when the British Parliament passed the "Great Britain North America Act" on July 1, 1867 as its national holiday. There are also countries where the birthday of the head of state is the National Day, such as Nepal, Thailand, Sweden, the Netherlands, Denmark, Belgium and other countries

3. The historical origin of the National Day

October 1 It is the birthday of our great motherland

October 1, 1949, is the anniversary of the founding of New China. It should be noted here that in many people’s minds, the founding ceremony of the People’s Republic of China was held in Beijing’s Tiananmen Square on October 1, 1949, with the participation of hundreds of thousands of soldiers and civilians. In fact, this impression in people's minds is not accurate. Because the ceremony held in Tiananmen Square on October 1, 1949 was the founding ceremony of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China, not the founding ceremony of the country. In fact, the "founding" of the People's Republic of China, that is to say, the establishment of the People's Republic of China, had been announced a week before October 1 of that year. At that time, it was not called the "Founding Ceremony of the People's Republic of China", but the "Founding Ceremony of the People's Republic of China". The time is September 21, 1949. On this day, Mao Zedong, director of the preparatory meeting for the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, announced the birth of New China in his opening speech at the first session of the CPPCC.

So what about the National Day on October 1st? At the first meeting of the First National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Xu Guangping spoke: "Commissioner Ma Xulun was unable to come on leave. He asked me to say that the founding of the People's Republic of China should be celebrated as a National Day, so I hope this council will decide to designate October 1st as National Day. "Mao Zedong said, "We should make a proposal to the government and let the government decide." On October 2, 1949, the Central People's Government passed the "About the Chinese People's Revolution." "Resolution on the National Day of the People's Republic of China" stipulates that October 1st of each year is the National Day, and this day is used as the day to declare the founding of the People's Republic of China. Since then, October 1st every year has become a festival celebrated grandly and joyfully by people of all ethnic groups across the country

4. Related names for National Day

National Day is an important holiday for every country. But the name is different.

Many countries call it "National Day" or "National Day", and some countries call it "Independence Day" or "Independence Day". "Day", "Liberation Day", "National Renaissance Day", "Constitution Day", etc., and some directly add "Day" to the name of the country, such as "Australia Day", "Pakistan Day", and some use the King's birthday. Or the day of his coronation is the National Day. If the king changes, the specific date of the National Day will also be changed.

On every National Day, various countries must hold different forms of celebrations to strengthen the patriotism of their people. Enhance national cohesion. Countries should also express congratulations to each other. National Days fall every five or ten days, and some even expand their celebrations. To celebrate National Day, governments of various countries usually hold a National Day reception, hosted by the head of state, head of government or foreign minister, and invite envoys from various countries stationed there and other important foreign guests to participate. However, some countries do not hold receptions, such as the United States and the United Kingdom.

Abstracts of National Days in Foreign Countries

(1) Fireworks soar to the sound of National Day music

France is based on the destruction of the Bastille by the Paris masses during the French Revolution on July 14. Prison Day is celebrated as a National Day. In 1989, it was the 200th anniversary of the French Revolution. To this end, France held a very grand celebration. On the same day, a grand military parade was held on the Elysée Pastoral Avenue in Paris. During the military parade, more than 300 armored vehicles, 5,000 soldiers, 250 aircraft and helicopters were inspected. 33 foreign heads of state or government and more than 10,000 foreign guests were invited to attend the celebration ceremony. At the scene, more than 800,000 spectators watched the ceremony. That night, to the majestic music of "La Marseillaise", 200,000 fireworks soared into the sky, and more than 8,000 actors of multiple nationalities from all over the world participated in the large-scale National Day performance held at Place de la Concorde.

(2) National Day Ceremony, the whole country rejoices

Every August 9, Singapore holds a National Day Ceremony, and the whole country rejoices. There will also be a National Day review ceremony with fighter jets and parachuting performances. After the president reviewed the honor guard, 3 F-16 Falcon fighter jets, 6 F-5S/T fighter jets and 5 A-4SU Super Skyhawk fighter jets, and 14 fighter jets were arranged in a five-star and crescent shape. However, the formation is like the five-star crescent moon on the national flag. After the infantry team walked through the review stand, 14 fighter planes formed a five-star crescent formation, and three military aircraft - a C-130 Hercules transport aircraft, an E-2C Hawkeye airborne early warning aircraft and a Fokker 50 Maritime patrol aircraft flew overhead. Then, 7 helicopters, including Chinook, Super Puma and UH-1H helicopters flew over in a V-shaped formation

After the helicopters flew over, what followed was a breathtaking and head-raising ceremony, led by 5 people. The parachuting performance presented by the commandos of the armed forces. They jumped from the Hercules transport aircraft at an altitude of 1,500 meters. They were all carrying 40 kilograms of equipment on their backs. The skyscrapers surrounding the Government Building were a challenge for them.

(3) Crowds of people celebrate the festival

May 17 is the Norwegian National Day (also called Constitution Day). During this grand festival, you will see thousands of people wearing national costumes and celebrating the festival. On the street, everyone from young girls to old women are wearing suspender-style floor-length skirts in red, white, black, and green, with bright flowers and patterns embroidered on thick woolen or cotton cloth, and everyone has it on their chest. Beautiful silver ornaments, some wearing matching cloaks and ethnic hats of different colors, really colorful. Men's clothing ranges from medieval court dresses to 21st century red fashions, and the variety is dizzying. There were many old people wearing various medals on their chests, holding civilization sticks in their hands, and wearing top hats. They were quite gentlemanly.

On this day, Karl Johan Street leading to the palace changed. It has become a sea of ??people, flowers, and national flags. The national flags were flying on the tall flagpoles temporarily erected on both sides of the road, on the roofs of buildings, on balconies and on windows

When the National Day parade began, the king stood in the center of the viewing platform in a black dress; The queen in red dress; to the right of the queen are the prince and princess. Everything is so natural and simple, and everything reflects people's infinite love for the motherland and the nation from the bottom of their hearts.

4) The state capitals take turns taking the throne.

The official name of October 3 in Germany is "Unification Day". It is a legal holiday, but it is not a "National Day". Unlike France, which celebrates July 14th, the United States, which celebrates July 4th, and Switzerland, which celebrates August 1st as National Day, no major events occurred on this important day similar to National Day in Germany, unlike France in July 1789. On the 14th, the revolutionary masses captured the Bastille, the United States issued the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776, and Switzerland concluded a permanent alliance on August 1, 1291. According to the rules after unification in 1990, each state capital took turns to hold celebrations. For example, in 2000, it was Dresden's turn. Therefore, it is not surprising that there is no grand and solemn celebration in the capital even though it is the fifth and tenth day of the year. Citizens of the capital can still have fun in front of the Brandenburg Gate under the rare bright sunshine in autumn.

(5) The long history and splendid culture of National Day

Nigeria’s National Independence Day is October 1st.

It is the oldest and most populous country in Africa, with a long history of more than a thousand years and a splendid national culture. For more than a hundred years, Nigeria has been a British colony. Its economy is quite backward and its people live in poverty. After a long and heroic struggle, the Nigerian people finally won their national independence on October 1, 1960

6. National Day Patriotic Education Materials

National Flag of the People’s Republic of China

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The red color of the flag of the People's Republic of China symbolizes revolution. The five five-pointed stars on the flag and their relationship symbolize the great unity of the revolutionary people under the leadership of the Communist Party of China. The star is yellow to show light on the red ground. Each of the four small five-pointed stars has one corner facing the center of the big star, indicating unity around a center.

On June 28, 1990, the 14th Session of the Standing Committee of the Seventh National People's Congress passed the "Flag Law of the People's Republic of China". This law came into effect on October 1 of that year.

The Birth of the National Flag

On June 16, 1949, the preparatory meeting of the new CPPCC decided to establish a national flag and national emblem preliminary selection committee, and held meetings from July 14 to August 15 of that year. People's Daily and other newspapers published notices calling for submissions. During the first plenary session of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference in September 1949, the primary selection committee selected 38 of the 3,012 designs received and distributed them to all deputies for discussion. After group discussions by all representatives, Chairman Mao Zedong held a symposium on national flag, national emblem, national anthem, chronology, and national capital consultation on the evening of September 25. Regarding the issue of the national flag, Chairman Mao Zedong pointed out that the five-star red flag represents the great unity of our revolutionary people. We need great unity now, and we will need great unity in the future. Therefore, whether now or in the future, it is both unity and revolution.

On September 27, 1949, all representatives of the first plenary session of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference passed a resolution and selected the five-star red flag designed by Zeng Liansong as the national flag of the People's Republic of China. The resolution stated: "The national flag of the People's Republic of China is a five-star flag with a red ground, symbolizing the great unity of the Chinese revolutionary people."

Replace the flagpole

The flagpole erected in Tiananmen Square Replaced once.

The first national flagpole was the one used by Chairman Mao to raise the flag at the founding ceremony in 1949. It was 22 meters high.

On May 1, 1991, the flagpole was rebuilt with a height of 32.6 meters. The replacement of the flagpole was based on two considerations. First, the flagpole that had stood for 42 years was indeed aging; second, Tiananmen Square and Chang'an Street had undergone tremendous changes, and the tall and majestic Great Hall of the People, History Museum and Chairman Mao Memorial Hall had been built. , the height of the flagpole has been significantly lower and does not match it.

The base of the renovated flag pole is quite particular. It is divided into three layers: the inner layer is surrounded by white marble railings with a height of 80 cm, and there are 2-meter-wide access channels on the east and west sides; the second layer The first layer is a 2-meter-wide ocher granite belt surrounding the base, symbolizing "the people's country will be red forever"; the third layer is a 5-meter-wide green belt, evergreen all year round, symbolizing the prosperity of the socialist motherland. The base of the national flag is surrounded by a guardrail made of 56 yellow copper piers, symbolizing the 56 ethnic groups joining hands and uniting under the national flag.

Raising and lowering the national flag

The National Flag Law passed in 1990 stipulates that when the flag is raised, the national flag must be raised to the top of the pole; when lowered, the national flag must not be allowed to fall to the ground. For this reason, the flag guards have practiced excellent flag-collecting movements when lowering the flag: When the flag lowered to the base of the flag pole in 2 minutes and 7 seconds, a soldier quickly held the flag with both hands, and then another A soldier folds the flag evenly into a folded shape. This action is accurate between 13 and 15 times.

Replace the national flag

The National Flag Law passed in 1990 stipulates that a damaged, defaced, faded or substandard national flag shall not be flown. To ensure the sanctity and integrity of the national flag, the flag over Tiananmen Square is replaced basically every day. Every major holiday, the national flag must be replaced with a new one. Even if the flag is not damaged, it cannot be flown for more than 10 days.

The National Emblem of the People's Republic of China

The content of the National Emblem of the People's Republic of China is the national flag, Tiananmen Square, gears and ears of wheat, symbolizing the Chinese people since the May 4th Movement. ” movement and the birth of New China under the people’s democratic dictatorship based on the alliance of workers and peasants led by the working class.

On March 2, 1991, the 18th meeting of the Standing Committee of the Seventh National People's Congress passed the "Law on the National Emblem of the Republic of China" and came into effect on October 1, 1991.

The birth of the national emblem

On June 16, 1949, Zhou Enlai presided over the first meeting of the Standing Committee of the New CPPCC Preparatory Committee and decided to set up six working groups under the leadership of the Standing Committee. . The task of Group 6 is to study and draft plans for the national flag, national emblem, national anthem, calendar, and national capital. Ma Xulun, deputy group leaders Ye Jianying, and Shen Yanbing served as group leaders

On July 10, 1949, preparations for the New Political Consultative Conference The meeting drafted the "Notice for Solicitation of Flag and National Emblem Patterns and National Anthem Lyrics" and put forward requirements for the national emblem design: "(a) Chinese characteristics; (B) Regime characteristics; (C) The form must be solemn and magnificent." On September 25, Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai held a meeting at Zhongnanhai Fengze Garden to discuss issues such as the national flag, national emblem, and national anthem.

At this meeting, everyone was dissatisfied with the draft for the national emblem. Mao Zedong finally said: The national flag has been decided. Whether the national emblem can be decided later, the original team will continue to design it and leave it to the government to decide in the future. The first plenary session of the new CPPCC held on September 27 discussed and passed four resolutions on the national flag, national capital, calendar, and national anthem. The presidium of the conference decided to invite experts to design another national emblem pattern. Tsinghua University and the Central Academy of Fine Arts received invitations from the CPPCC and formed a design team from the Department of Architecture of Tsinghua University, led by architects Liang Sicheng and Lin Huiyin, and a design team from the Central Academy of Fine Arts, led by artist Zhang Ding, to launch a design competition.

On June 20, 1950, the National Emblem Review Group held a meeting to review the plans proposed by the Department of Construction of Tsinghua University and the Central Academy of Fine Arts for the last time, and finally decided on the design of eight teachers including Liang Sicheng and Lin Huiyin from the Department of Construction of Tsinghua University. The national emblem plan was selected and sent to the CPPCC National Committee for voting. Later, based on the opinions of Premier Zhou Enlai, the detailed image of the rice ears on the national emblem was improved.

On June 23, 1950, at the Second Plenary Session of the First National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, Chairman Mao Zedong presided over the adoption of a resolution agreeing with the report of the National Emblem Review Group and the proposed national emblem pattern. On September 20, Chairman Mao Zedong signed an order of the Central People's Government to announce the pattern and description of the national emblem of the People's Republic of China: "The content of the national emblem is the national flag, Tiananmen, gears and ears of wheat, symbolizing the Chinese people's independence from the May Fourth Movement. In the second half of 1950, the Central People's Government handed over the task of making the national emblem to Shenyang No. 1 Machine Tool Factory. On May 1, 1951, China's first metal national emblem cast by young workers Jiao Baishun, Pei Qingjiang, Zhu Fengyi and others from Shenyang No. 1 Machine Tool Factory was officially hung on the Tiananmen Gate Tower

The birth of the national anthem

On the eve of the founding of New China, the CPPCC held a meeting to discuss the national anthem. The famous painter Xu Beihong and the famous architect Liang Sicheng strongly recommended "March of the Volunteers" as the national anthem. Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai immediately expressed support for their opinions. However, some people believe that New China is about to be established, and the lyrics of this song, "The Chinese nation has reached its most dangerous time," are outdated, and they advocate changing the lyrics. Zhou Enlai made a speech, reminding everyone to be prepared for danger in times of peace and never forget about dangers in times of peace. He left these words to make alarm bells ring in our ears. On September 27, 1949, the first plenary session of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference passed a resolution to use "March of the Volunteers" as the national anthem before the national anthem of the People's Republic of China was formally formulated.

Nie Er (1912- 1935). "March of the Volunteers" was born in 1935, with lyrics written by playwright Tian Han and music composed by Nie Er, the founder of China's new music movement. This song was originally the theme song of the movie "Children of the Storm". The film "Children of the Storm" depicts that after the September 18th Incident, Japanese imperialism invaded the three eastern provinces of China, and the Chinese nation was at a critical juncture of life and death. Under the reactionary rule of the Kuomintang, some intellectuals went from depression and hesitation to bravely resisting Japan. front. After Tian Han finished writing the story of this movie, he was arrested by the reactionaries. The theme lyrics were written on a cigarette foil liner. Nie Er took the initiative to take the lyrics and complete the first draft of the score before he went to Japan. Shortly after arriving in Japan, he completed the score and sent it back. With the screening of the movie and the development of the national salvation movement, the song spread to every corner of the country and was called the clarion call for the liberation of the Chinese nation.

During the "Cultural Revolution", because Tian Han was defeated, the lyrics were not allowed to be sung, and the "National Anthem" could only be performed by the band. On March 5, 1978, the first session of the Fifth National People's Congress approved new words for "March of the Volunteers". After the lyrics of the national anthem were changed, various parties have always had different opinions on this, demanding that the original lyrics of the national anthem be restored. Until December 4, 1982, the fifth session of the Fifth National People's Congress passed a resolution on the national anthem of the People's Republic of China, revoked the new words adopted by the National People's Congress on March 5, 1978, and restored Tian Han "March of the Volunteers", with lyrics and music composed by Nie Er, is the national anthem of the Republic of China. On March 14, 2004, the Second Session of the 10th National People's Congress passed a constitutional amendment, stipulating that "the national anthem of the People's Republic of China is the March of the Volunteers."

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