Introduction to music In daily life, we often hear the word music, so what exactly is music? Let me introduce it to you. 1. Basic content Music is an art that reflects human emotions in real life (English name: music; French name: musique; Italian: musica). Music can be divided into two major types: vocal music and instrumental music, and can also be divided into classical music, pop music, ethnic music, country music, original music, etc. Among art types, music is a relatively abstract art. Music can be divided into Eastern music and Western music from the historical development. The ancient Chinese theory in the East, led by China, is based on the pentatonic scale, namely Gong, Shang, Jiao, Zheng, and Yu, while the West is dominated by the heptatonic scale. Music is pleasing to the eyes and brings auditory enjoyment to everyone. Can cultivate sentiment. 2. Basic meaning Music is an art form that uses auditory images composed of organized sounds to express people's thoughts, feelings and social reality. It is also one of the most instantly moving art forms. When the melody sounds, people are often unable to resist and immediately fall into the atmosphere of the music. Any art form has its own expressions to express ideas and shape artistic images. For example, dance embodies artistic images through body movements and facial expressions, painting embodies lines, colors, and compositions, and literature embodies artistic images through words, words, sentences, and articles. Usually, people distinguish different types of art based on different means of expression, such as different musical instruments. Music can also show the intentions of the musicians and music creators. According to the detailed records in "The Book of Music" in the "Book of Rites", all sounds originate from the human heart. The movement of the human heart is caused by things. They are moved by the things, so the shape is based on the sound, and the sound corresponds to it, so it changes. . ?This kind of introduction simply and clearly covers the connection between the sound changes of music and people's emotions. If we further check the ancient books and study it further, we can have a deeper understanding of the meaning of the music vocabulary we usually hear. Sound: Energy fluctuations in nature that are easily captured by the human ear. Sound: A continuous sound wave that has stable changing rules and is controllable. Music: pleasant sound waves after organization selection. Tone: A collection of sounds selected according to a certain rule. Rhythm: Arrange the collection of tones in a more regular order. Section: Complete a certain piece of music within a certain period of time. Song: Organize all the above-mentioned vocal music tuning sections as a whole. These words are combined with each other to form words such as sound, music, tone, tone, tune and so on. (Vocal music is the abbreviation of human voice as a musical instrument.) Sound art is an art form that uses sound as a means of expression. The shaping of images is completed with organized sounds as materials. Therefore, just as literature is the art of language, music is the art of sound. This is one of the basic characteristics of musical art. Sound, as a means of expression of musical art, has some characteristics that are different from other sounds in nature. The sounds produced in any musical work are carefully thought out and created by the composer. These sounds can be found in nature, but they cannot become music without the ingenious creation and combination of artists. Therefore, whether it is a simple song or a large-scale symphony, it is permeated with the author's creative thinking and inspiration. Randomly painted lines and colors are not paintings, arbitrarily piled up language and words are not literature, and similarly, messy sounds are not music. The sounds that constitute musical images are organized, regular and harmonious music, including melody, rhythm, mode, harmony, polyphony, musical form and other elements, collectively referred to as musical language. Without a creative element, no sound can become music. Language has a conventional semantics, and every sentence or even every word has a specific meaning. This meaning is recognized within the social scope in which the language is used and is a convention; the sound of music is completely different. It is only limited to the scope of art and exists only as an artistic exchange; the sound of music in any music is completely different. Sounds themselves never have a very definite meaning like language, they are non-semantic. 1. Auditory art Since music is the art of sound, it can only appeal to people's hearing. Therefore, music is also an auditory art. The principles of directional reflex and exploratory reflex in psychology tell us that among various external stimuli within a certain distance, sound can attract people's attention the most. It can force people's auditory organs to accept the sound, which determines the comparison between auditory art and visual art. Art can more directly affect people's emotions and shock people's hearts. Music can only be expressed by sound and felt by hearing, but this does not mean that when people create and appreciate music, only the parts of the cerebral cortex corresponding to hearing are excited, while other parts are in a state of inhibition. . In fact, musicians not only use the channel of hearing, but also use their whole body and mind to feel and experience, understand and express life. This is no different from artists in other categories. The difference is that during artistic conception and artistic expression, musicians condense their various personal feelings into auditory images through image thinking, and then express them in specific sound forms. Therefore, the thoughts and emotions expressed in musical works are not simply auditory feelings, but overall feelings.

Similarly, when people appreciate music, although they mainly receive auditory stimulation through auditory channels, due to the role of synaesthesia, they may also cause visual images, produce rich and vivid associations and imaginations, and then arouse strong emotions. Reaction, experience the thoughts, feelings and situations expressed by musicians in their works, gain a sense of beauty and be moved by them. 2. Emotional art Among all art forms, music is the art form that is best at expressing emotions and touching the heartstrings. It uses the medium of sound to truly convey, express and feel aesthetic emotions. Music is superior to other art forms in conveying and expressing emotions because of the perceptual materials and aesthetic forms it uses. Sound is most in line with the nature of emotion and is most suitable for expressing emotions. Some are solemn, some are passionate and exciting, some are sad and angry, some are touching and delicate, some are weeping and complaining. Music can express people's emotions more directly, more truly, and more profoundly. So, why can music use organized sounds to express people's emotions? One theory is that the expressiveness of music comes from music's imitation of people's expressive language. Human language uses expression methods such as voice, tone, flow, rhythm, and speaking speed to express meaning in conjunction with semantics, while expression methods such as timbre, pitch fluctuations, and rhythm speed of music can play the same role as language expression methods. Personally, I believe that there is a similarity between the sound form of music and human emotions, and there is a certain "isomorphic relationship". This is the fundamental reason why music can express human emotions. Music theorist Yu Runyang once pointed out: The fundamental reason why sound structure can express specific emotions is that there is an extremely important similarity between the two, that is, both show and express themselves in time. Development is a dynamic process with rich changes in speed, intensity and tone. This extremely important similarity is the bridge between the two. ?For example, "joy" is an emotional expression of happiness and joy. Generally speaking, this kind of emotional movement shows a jumping and upward movement form, with brighter colors and faster movement speed and frequency. Music that expresses "joyful" emotions generally adopts a similar dynamic structure, such as the folk music "Joyful", which expresses people's joyful emotions with faster speed, bouncing tones and other means of expression. 3. Time art: Sculptures, paintings and other art forms are solidified in space, making them clear to people at a glance. When we appreciate a work of art, we first see the work as a whole, and then appreciate its details. But music is different. Music should unfold in time and flow in time. When we appreciate music, we first start with the details, starting from the local parts. It is not until the whole piece is played (sung) that it leaves an overall impression on us. It is impossible to obtain a complete musical image by only listening to individual fragments of a musical work. Therefore, music art is also a time art. As an auditory art, musical imagery unfolds in time, presenting, developing, and ending in movement as time continues. The so-called "musical image" refers to the artist's thoughts and feelings expressed in the entire musical work and the images or artistic conception evoked in the thoughts and feelings of the listener. For example, "Moonlit Night on the Spring River" uses sweet, comfortable and tranquil tunes to express the feeling of boating on the picturesque Spring River on a moonlit night in the south of the Yangtze River, creating a fascinating musical artistic conception. Musical works are not like literature or paintings. As long as the author completes the creation and the creative process is completed, it can be directly available for people to appreciate. Musical works must pass through the intermediate link of performance in order to convey the image expressed in the work to the audience and realize the aesthetic value of the artistic work. Therefore, music is also a performing art, and it is an art that needs to be further recreated through performance. When the composer records the vivid musical thoughts in the form of music scores, the soul has been taken out of it, and all that is left is just A lifeless series of musical symbols. The way to bring musical works back to life and turn scores into flesh-and-blood living music is music performance. Without musical performance, a musical work can only exist in the form of a score and never become real music. No matter which composer writes the score, there is a certain gap between it and their musical ideas. To make up for this gap, to discover the musical ideas hidden in the score, and to enrich and supplement things that cannot be recorded in the score, all this depends on the re-creation of music performers. Therefore, music is also a performing art, and musical works can only be accepted by the audience through performance. 3. Basic classification (1) According to the mode of expression 1. Vocal music Vocal music works can be divided into different genres such as songs, rap music, opera music, opera, etc. according to their different forms and styles. Song is a small music genre, including folk songs, art songs, popular songs, children's songs, etc. In terms of form, it can be divided into solo singing, duet singing, chorus, unison singing, joint singing, etc. Rap music refers to folk art music, including single string, big drum, voiceless, Pingtan, Shu Laibao, Qinshu, Errenzhuan, Daoqing, Yugu, etc. Opera music refers to the music of Peking Opera, Henan Opera, Yue Opera, Flower Drum Opera, Tea Picking Opera, Huangmei Opera, Ping Opera, Han Opera, and other local operas. Opera music is also a kind of opera music, but it does not have fixed formulas and traditional singing like opera music. Opera music is dramatic music created by composers using national tones and musical language rich in the color of the times. 2. Instrumental music Instrumental music works can be divided into solo pieces, ensemble pieces and ensemble pieces. There is a wide range of solo pieces. There are solos for almost every instrument.

China's erhu, pipa, banhu, flute, xiao, cucurbit flute, suona, dulcimer, sheng, guqin, zither, Liuqin, xylophone, etc., all have famous unique tunes. Although the same is true for Western musical instruments, the most world-famous solos are violin, piano, guitar, electronic keyboard and other musical instruments. Ensemble music is rare in Chinese folk music. However, in Europe, there are many outstanding works of string quartet, woodwind quintet, etc., which are still circulated around the world. Ensemble refers to multiple instruments playing the same piece of music. In the ensemble, each instrument not only gives full play to its performance and specialties, but also coordinates with each other according to certain harmonic rules. Among China's national instrumental ensembles, Jiangnan Sizhu and Cantonese music account for a large proportion. National orchestral music is mostly adapted or created by composers. National wind and percussion music also plays an important role in my country's ensemble music. Music played with Western brass instruments, woodwind instruments, string instruments and percussion is called orchestral music. Orchestral music made significant progress in Europe in the seventeenth century. The genres at that time included suites, overtures, fugues, fantasies, capriccios, rhapsodies, concertos, as well as symphonies and symphonic poems that had stricter requirements on musical form. . (1) According to melody style 1. Classical music The word "Classic" comes from Latin, originally referring to the upper class of Roman society, and later translated as human achievements with universal and eternal value. Abroad, this type of music is called "classical music". "Classical" means "classical, orthodox, classical literature", so our Chinese people call it "classical music", to be precise. It should be "Western classical music". First of all, to explain conceptually, "classical music" is the name of a music category. However, even abroad, there are many different interpretations of the specific meaning of the term "classical music". The main objections come from the different concepts of dividing the era of "classical music": (1) With the universality and eternity of transcending the times Taking the artistic value and the highest performance of musical art as the standard, music with permanent artistic value that can serve as a model for contemporaries and future generations is collectively called "classical music". According to this standard, classical music is also called "serious music" or "art music" to distinguish popular music (pop music). (2) Specifically refers to the period of classical music from around 1750 to 1820. The style of the classical music school was formed in the gradual disappearance of the music of the Baroque period, dissolved in the gradual formation of the romantic school style, and experienced the transition from baroque music to the early classical music school. Among the many music schools, representatives of the Viennese classical music school include: Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven. 2. Pop music Pop music is translated from English popular music. According to the surface understanding of Chinese words, the so-called pop music refers to those instrumental music and songs that are short in structure, popular in content, lively in form, and sincere in emotion. They are loved by the masses, widely sung or appreciated, and are popular for a while and even passed down to future generations. These pieces of music and songs are rooted in the rich soil of public life. Therefore, it is also called "popular music". However, such a definition may make music that is not popular music such as "The Internationale", "March of the Volunteers", "La Marseillaise", "The Waves of the Great Lake", "Ode to the Motherland", "The East Is Red" and "Nanni" "Bay", etc., can be classified as pop music simply because they are also widely circulated among the masses. On the other hand, music that is clearly popular is excluded from popular music because it cannot be circulated (which is also true in popular music). Obviously, pop music is not always popular, and popular music is not just pop music. The accurate concept of pop music should be commercial music, which refers to music created with the main purpose of making profit. It is the commercial musical pastime and all the "industrial" phenomena associated with it. (See the 1990 edition of the "Music Encyclopedia Dictionary" of the former Soviet Union) Its marketability is primary, and its artistry is secondary. 3. National music broadly refers to the music school that emerged in the middle and late stages of Romanticism that is full of national flavor or that promotes nationalism. In a narrow sense, it refers to Chinese folk music. The so-called Chinese national music refers to music with national characteristics and that can embody national culture and national spirit created by the various ethnic groups that have lived and multiplied on the land of China for generations. From ancient times to the present, they have created based on the long historical and cultural traditions. In a broad sense, Chinese music generally refers to music with pentatonic characteristics in the world. China's national music art is a very unique art form in the world. In its thousands of years of civilization, the Chinese nation has created a large number of excellent national music cultures and formed a national music system with profound connotations and rich content. This system occupies an important position in world music. If we want to understand Chinese music, we cannot just sing some Chinese songs and listen to a few traditional pieces. We must also examine Chinese music and understand Chinese music from a national, historical, and regional perspective, so as to truly understand the connotation of Chinese music and understand it. Its status and historical value in the world music system. Chinese folk music is divided into: folk songs, folk singing and dancing music, folk instrumental music, folk rap music and folk opera music. 4. Basic elements 1. Melody: Melody is also called melody. The ups and downs of the music are organized horizontally in an orderly manner according to a certain rhythm to form a melody.

Melody is the most important means of expression in music form, the essence of music, and the decisive factor of music. The progression direction of a tune is endlessly changing, and there are three basic progression directions: "horizontal progression", "upward progression" and "descending progression". The direction in which the same sound progresses is called horizontal progress; the direction from bass to treble is called ascending; the direction from treble to bass is called descending. Common ways of progressing tunes include: "repetition of the same tone", "step progression" and "jump progression". The progression according to the adjacent notes of the scale is called progression, the jump in third degree is called minor jump, and the jump in fourth degree and above is called major jump. 2. Rhythm: The rhythm of music refers to the length and strength of the mid-tones in the music movement. The rhythm of music is often compared to the skeleton of music. Beat is the periodic and regular repetition of heavy beats and weak beats in music. Traditional Chinese music calls the beat "banyan", "banyan" is equivalent to the strong beat; "eye" is equivalent to the sub-strong beat (middle eye) or weak beat. 3. Harmony: Harmony includes "chords" and "harmonic progressions". Chords are usually sound combinations formed by three or more tones that overlap vertically (simultaneously) according to certain rules. The horizontal organization of chords is the harmonic progression. Harmony has obvious color functions of thick, light, thick and thin; it also has the function of forming phrasing, dividing sections and ending the music. 4. Intensity: the strength of the midrange of the music. 5. Speed: how fast the music progresses. 6. Mode: The tones used in music are connected according to a certain relationship. These tones form a system with one tone as the center (the main tone), which is called mode. Such as major mode, minor mode, my country's pentatonic mode, etc. The notes in the mode, starting from the tonic note and arranged from low to high, form a scale. 7. Music form: the horizontal organizational structure of music. 8. Texture: the combination of parts in a polyphonic musical work. (Including vertical and horizontal combination relationships). 9. Timbre: Timbre can be divided into human voice timbre and musical instrument timbre. The human voice can be divided into children's voice, female voice, male voice, etc. The differences in the timbres of musical instruments are even more varied. In music, sometimes only a single timbre is used, and sometimes a mixture of timbres is used.

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