Classical music is rich and colorful: a sacred civilization that emphasizes artistic conception and charm.
In China, known as China, the divine music civilization is magnificent and colorful: from the ancient music of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors to the music of Zhong Yao in the pre-Qin Dynasty; from the "Book of Songs" and "Chu Song" in the Spring and Autumn Period of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Yuefu of the Han Dynasty; from the songs and dances of the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the lyrics and music of the Song Dynasty, and the dramas of the Yuan Dynasty, to the further prosperity of folk songs, ditties, and raps and the development of local tunes in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, which gave rise to Peking Opera. The music forms of different dynasties vary greatly, with rich and simple tunes and different and meaningful details.
Use law to make the world happy.
Five thousand years ago, the Yellow Emperor ordered Yue Guan Linglun to go to Kunlun Mountain to get the sound of a bamboo pipe and make it into twelve rhymes. Then, based on the call of the phoenix, the male phoenix's sound is yang rhyme, and the female phoenix's sound is yin rhyme, collectively called rhyme. It is the world's earliest standard pitch system and is also commonly known as Huang Zhongda Road in China. After Huang Di set the melody, he made large-scale music and dances "Xianchi" and "Cloud Gate" to praise the virtues of heaven and earth.
After Tang Yao became emperor, he said to Le Guankui: "Use music to educate our children. A person's thoughts can be expressed in poetry, and poetry can be sung. Five tones, rhythms, and melody can be used To match the poems, they can be matched and integrated with each other in an orderly manner, so that humans and gods can communicate with each other."
The five tones refer to Gong, Shang, Jiao, Zheng, and Yu. The ancients believed that the five tones correspond to the five elements of metal, wood, water, fire, and earth in the universe, and the five elements correspond to the five internal organs of the human body: lungs, liver, kidneys, heart, and spleen. Since the myth of Pangu opening the sky, ancient Chinese philosophy has always believed that the human body and the celestial bodies are corresponding, and that human life and death are like the rotation of the four seasons and the rise and fall of the universe. Yao Di believes that the yin and yang of the human body can be adjusted through rhythm, the five internal organs can be harmonized through the five tones, and the laws of tones cannot be disordered. Just like the human body performs its duties everywhere, the human state of mind can be restored and calm, and the human body can achieve longevity over and over again like a demigod. This is the world's earliest theory that music has therapeutic effects, echoing the "Heaven has five tones and humans have five internal organs" in the Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic.
Zen was located in Tang Dynasty, Yao, Yu and Shun. Shun composed elegant music and wrote "90% Xiao Shao, Phoenix Comes to the Ceremony". At that time, people knew that there were certain laws in the movement of heaven and earth, and this sense of mystery was independent of human will. Human wisdom is the ability to understand and obey God's will. Music created in this state can communicate with everything in the world. Therefore, the idea of ??the unity of heaven and man became the cornerstone of music creation thousands of years later, that is, "great music is in harmony with heaven and earth, great rituals are in harmony with heaven and earth", and "if the energy of heaven and earth is correct, the twelve laws will be fixed."
After Shun came to the throne and Yu became Tang, the saints followed the laws of heaven and earth and made peace with all the people. As for Zhou Gongdan, he combined ritual and music to further standardize people's code of conduct. During the Spring and Autumn Period, royal power declined, the strong fought for hegemony, and rituals and music were lost. Confucius was born and once again advocated the role of ritual and music.
Education and fun.
Perfection is Confucius’ symbolic music theory. He watched the music and dance "Shao Le" handed down by Emperor Shun and lamented that "I don't know the taste of meat in March". He also compared the music and dance "Da Wu" and "Shao Le" produced by King Wu of Zhou Dynasty and made this evaluation: "Da Wu is beautiful. , but it’s not good enough, Shaole is really perfect!”
The ancients believed: “Virtue is music, and no virtue is music.” "Music comes from the heart." Only with a kind heart can the music you play move people's hearts. Kindness is not only reflected in the spirit, but also the guarantee of thorns
In addition, Confucius also advocated that music should be "happy but not obscene, sad but not sad". When playing music, the emotions should not be excessive, and it is best to achieve a state of peace of mind. This echoes the "neutralization" of traditional Confucian culture and has become the basic charm of Chinese elegant music.
Shisheng
Build the country, respect Confucianism, and usher in a prosperous era of great unification. Since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty opened the Yuefu Office to take charge of folk music, emperors since the Han and Wei dynasties often sent officials to various parts of the Central Plains to collect folk songs and set them with music, which became the "poems" of the Yuefu that were passed down to future generations. Folklore from the people, there are different simple folk customs in different places, and the boldness of the north, such as the well-known "Mulan Ci" and "Wanli Rongji Journey", let Shan'ao spread quickly. Generals die in a hundred battles, and strong men return in ten years." The south is delicate, such as the famous "Xizhou Song" and "Rolling Door". The sky is high and the clouds are clear, and the sea water is blue. The south wind knows what I want, and I dream of Xizhou."
Fu music also includes Japanese songs, drum music, suburban temple music, miscellaneous music and other types. Among them, the harmonious music is an orchestral piece composed of silk and bamboo. It advocates music and absorbs military music formed from northern folk music. Suburban temple music is the palace ritual music used in sacrificial rituals, and all these songs are performed in the form of musical instruments and singing and dancing. The joy of the Wei and Jin Dynasties, with the legacy of the sages, the hope of Confucius and the aspirations of the people all over the Central Plains, flourished among the people and the court, waiting for the next prosperous age.
The rich world of ancient music of the Tang Dynasty
After the founding of the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty controlled the chaotic situation in the late Sui Dynasty and produced "The Music of the King of Qin Breaking the Formation", also known as the Seven Virtues Dance. The seven virtues of prohibiting violence, suppressing troops, protecting the country, establishing merit, calming the people, harmonizing the people, and making money promote the transcendent achievements of bringing order to chaos and set the grand tone of the court music and dance of the Tang Dynasty. When Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty was making new music, he did not shy away from the old music of the previous dynasty, "Flowers in the Back Garden of Yushu", believing that joy, sorrow, and happiness all came from the human heart. In an era of peace and prosperity, sad tunes can become happy as long as the performers and listeners are happy.
Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty continued the Sui Dynasty system and commissioned ten pieces of music, most of which used Western music, which reflected the characteristics of the Tang Dynasty when all people came to court. The musical instruments introduced from the Western Regions also greatly enriched the music of the Central Plains. Pipa and Lisu became indispensable musical instruments for the Tang Dynasty opera. Later, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty became a master of the ancient Huqin.
Tang Xuanzong was proficient in music. Historically, 300 people have produced silk and bamboo operas. If the sound is wrong, it "feels right" to him. In the new century, the status of music has been pushed to its peak. Unlike Confucianism which emphasized elegant music, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty loved Yan music. He established the royal music institutions "Jiao Fang" and "Li Yuan", and personally taught the children in the Li Yuan when he had nothing to do. The emperor's hobby affected the whole country. At that time, "every family sang peace songs." The sound of bamboo strings can be heard all over the streets; as soon as the poet's masterpiece is released, it is put into the Song Dynasty, just like a scene from the prosperous Taoyuan. Daqu in Tang Yan's music is a large-scale music and dance that integrates instrumental music, vocal music and dance. It fully embodies the artistic achievements of Tang Dynasty music, and the famous "Nishang Yuyi Song" is one of them.
After the Song Dynasty, Song lyrics, Yuan songs and various rap arts were widely circulated and penetrated deeply among the people. "If there is well water, there must be Liu Ci" refers to a saying by Liu Yong, a poet of the Wanyue School. At that time, it spread to the streets and alleys, and children and old people could sing it. Under the influence of the connotation and phonology of poetry, the charm of folk tunes combined with literature has become more and more delicate, ever-changing, twists and turns, and directly touches people's hearts.
Li Shiyin
In addition to elegant palace entertainment, folk music is also a very important part of Chinese music. Central China has a vast territory and diverse landforms, including Plateau and Mou
Qin Shihuang unified the Central Plains, with "the same text in books" and "the same track in cars", but he did not unify the accents of the people across the Central Plains. "Ten miles have different pronunciations, and hundreds of miles have different customs." The same folk song has changed its tone because of the different pronunciation in different regions. A hundred miles away, it's like another country, with unique landforms, unique sounds, and unique customs. This diverse national characteristics has created a rich collection of folk tunes of various ethnic groups in Chinese music.
Before Ji Kang, a musician from the Three Kingdoms era, was sent to the execution ground, 3,000 students asked him to teach piano music, but he was rejected by the court. Ji Kang sighed, "Someone once asked me to teach Guanglingsan, but I didn't agree. Guanglingsan will be lost from now on!" Qu Guanglingsan entrusted Ji Kang's supreme life feelings. He refused to entrust it to others easily, and this guqin music finally disappeared from the world. This is a very typical phenomenon of masters and apprentices in Chinese folk music. They usually choose students with high intelligence and hand over their lifelong skills to them, or just to family members. "If you don't pass it on by word of mouth, you can't get it with your heart." They value students' understanding ability and value students' understanding ability. Although this teaching method can retain the charm of music, it cannot spread the popular teaching system. The birth of the new dynasty also caused great misfortune to the achievements of the previous era, making it difficult to continue. Therefore, many of China's superb musical skills and connotations have been lost in modern times.
Classical music emphasizes artistic conception and charm.
Chinese musical instruments focus on highlighting their own charm and skills, but ignore the study of multi-part matching and fusion between different instruments. Large-scale music performances in ancient China were ensemble, solo and section performances of various musical instruments, without systematic and complete orchestration techniques. Therefore, although the characteristics of a single instrument can be highlighted, the instruments cannot complement each other, making it difficult to interpret a truly majestic momentum.
When you listen to Chinese classical music, you will clearly see that Chinese music emphasizes artistic conception and charm. Although the performance of Chinese music is different from that of Western music, they have the same essence in terms of cultural inheritance. They are all developed on the basis of belief in gods, and they all advocate the positive effect of music on the human spirit.