The name of "Yi" originated in the Xia Dynasty, and it is also called "Hua" and "Xia" for the purpose of distinguishing between Hua Yi and Xia Yi. In Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty, the word "Yi" often appeared, generally referring to the tribes living in the periphery of the ruling center. It was not until the Book of Rites that "Yi" began to mean "People of the East". The article "Wang Zhi" said: "The East is like foreigners", and Xu Shen in the Eastern Han Dynasty also said: "Foreigners are also people from the East." This statement is more clear. We know that the ruling center of Xia and Shang Dynasties is in the middle reaches of the Yellow River in present-day Shanxi, Shaanxi and Henan. Since "Dongyi" is in the east outside this ruling center, Dongyi can only be the eastern region centered on present-day Shandong.
the development stages and major achievements of dongyi culture
dongyi culture has experienced Beixin culture (about 73 years ago), Dawenkou culture (about 65 years ago), Longshan culture (about 45 years ago) and Yueshi culture (about 39 years ago), all of which were created by dongyi people in different stages.
In the long prehistoric period, Dongyi people made practical and exquisite tools of production and daily necessities, such as stone tools, bone implements, jade articles, etc., with their intelligent hearts and industrious and dexterous hands. Burning produced eggshell pottery as thin as paper, as black as paint and as sound as a mirror; Woven textiles with fine grain and high density; Invented copper smelting, primitive calendar and the oldest writing; On the basis of primitive agriculture, poultry breeding industry and wine-making industry have emerged. As early as the Longshan culture period, Dongyi people had already entered the class society, and a country appeared, marking the beginning of a civilized society.
what are the main tribes of dongyi nationality and their historical contributions?
according to the records in the annals of bamboo slips and the biography of the eastern yi in the later Han dynasty, there are nine kinds of yi. In ancient times, nine didn't mean exactly nine, but it meant "a lot". In other words, Dongyi is not a complete and unified tribe, but a huge tribe and tribal alliance composed of many tribes, large and small. Among them, the most important tribes are: Feng tribe, Jiang tribe, Won tribe, Yao tribe and so on. Dongyi tribes mainly take dragons, snakes, phoenixes, birds and the sun as totems, and most of them are bird totems.
in the history of dongyi nationality, the most famous tribal leaders are Tai Hao, chiyou, Shao Hao and Dashun.
Tai Hao and Fu Xishi, surnamed Feng, take dragons as their totems. According to the records in Bai Hu Tong and Xin Yu Dao Ji, Fu Xishi set humanity, created gossip, and also invented the 5-stringed instrument and pottery? O and other musical instruments, set up official posts, system of rites and music, enter the civilized society.
Chiyou, surnamed Jiang, is a descendant of Emperor Yan, and his tribe consists of 81 clans. During the Chiyou period, copper smelting technology was improved unprecedentedly, and a large number of copper-making tools emerged. Chiyou made a large number of weapons such as knives, halberds and crossbows with copper, which enhanced the lethality of weapons and was an epoch-making progress. According to legend, Chiyou was brave and good at fighting, and made a great impact on the world. He became the country's ninth in one fell swoop, and then the country's twelfth. Later, in the war with the Yellow Emperor, he suffered a fiasco and was buried in Dongping after his death. Later, he was gradually deified and became Wu Shen, one of the soldiers in Ba Shen.
Shao Hao, also known as Jin Tianshi, is a descendant of the Yellow Emperor and won his surname. Because of the law of Tai Hao, it is called Shao Hao. Its living center is in Qufu, and its footprints are all over Shandong. Shao Hao's family takes all kinds of birds, such as phoenix birds, as totems. It is well-organized, with official posts, orderly and socialized to a very high level.
Shun, known as Yu Shun in ancient books, was named Yao. Li Lou in Mencius said that Shun was born in Zhufeng, which is now Zhucheng, Shandong Province. According to legend, Shun pro-led Dongyi people to vigorously develop agriculture, animal husbandry, fishery and pottery making. Due to Shun's noble character and good governance, Dongyi people's population surged, society developed and culture prospered. Not only cities appeared, but also early urban civilization was created. Moreover, it perfected the original astronomical calendar and created a musical culture represented by Da Shao. After Shun's death, he abdicated the throne to Yu, so Shun became an ancient sage praised by later Confucianism.
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